Class of 2017 Abstract / Objectives: To assess older adults’ knowledge of prescription pain and over-the-counter (OTC) medications, to determine if age influences older adults’ choice of OTC pain agents, and to determine if education by a pharmacist about prescription and OTC pain medications impacts the score on a medication knowledge indicator. Methods: This is a descriptive survey study. Participants received a recruitment email with a consent link in order to participate in the secure, online Qualtrics survey. The survey consists of 10 knowledge-based items on pain medications and 12 demographic items. The primary outcome of this study is the knowledge about pain medications of adult 75 years and older. Knowledge scores were analyzed using a Chi square test to compare the proportion of respondents in each age group who score 50% or more. The secondary outcome is the purchase pattern of OTC pain medications based on age. OTC purchasing data was analyzed using a nonparametric regression test. The tertiary outcome is the effect of pharmacist counseling on patients knowledge of prescription and OTC medications. The knowledge indicator scores were compared in patients who reported as either being educated by a pharmacist or not using a one-way ANOVA test. Results: The questionnaire was completed by a total of 50 people, but three were excluded due to not meeting the age requirement of 50 years and older. Forty-seven participants were used in the analysis with mean age of 68.3 years (range 55 to 90) and 72% female. Of 44 participants who completed the entire survey those 75 years and older scored better on the knowledge indicator (71% scored ≥50%) compared with those 74 years and younger (54% scored ≥50%); however, no significant difference was found (p = 0.28). In addition, purchasing pattern based on percentage of both prescription and OTC medications between both groups appeared to be insignificantly different (p = 0.31 and 0.51 respectively). The mean number of OTC medications purchased equaled the mean number of OTC medications purchased for adults less than 75 years of age (Y = 1.2 vs. 1.2 medications per patient, p=0.51). Finally, all patients age 75 and older that reported being educated by a pharmacist scored 50% or greater on the knowledge indicator (100%) while 52% of participants 74 years and younger scored 50% or greater (p = 0.673). Conclusions: Adults ages 75 years and older possess the same basic knowledge of pain medications when compared to adults age 50 to 74. In addition, adults age 75 years and older purchase over-the-counter (OTC) at the same rate as adults age 50 to 74. Finally, adults age 75 years and older benefit most from pharmacist consultation compared to adults age 50 to 74.

Class of 2011 Abstract / OBJECTIVES: Accidental ingestions of medications in children under five years old are an increasing problem faced by parents and caregivers. This study will determine which medications are most commonly ingested and which cause more harmful side effects. METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective study was performed by obtaining data from electronic patient charts from the Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (APDIC). Subjects were selected if they were younger than five years old and had ingested a medication during 2009. Age and gender were analyzed by calculating percentages and means and comparing them using an independent t-test. Adverse effects of medications were compared using a Chi Square test. RESULTS: A total of 4,373 cases met inclusion criteria for analysis, including 2,019 females and 2,354 males. The average age of patients was 2.2 years. Of 3,275 cases (74.4%) involving OTC medications, 119 patients (3.6%) developed minor effects and 20 patients (0.6%) developed moderate effects. Of 1,129 children (25.6%) ingesting prescription medications, 78 patients (6.9%) developed minor effects, 35 patients (3.1%) developed moderate effects and 1 patient (0.1%) developed a major effect (p=0.003). CONCLUSION: Males were more likely to have unintentional ingestions than females. The incidence of OTC ingestions was higher than prescription ingestions. Toddlers tended to have more ingestions than infants or older children. Unintentional prescription medication ingestions resulted in significantly more adverse effects than unintentional OTC ingestions.

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Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti vaistinės klientų nuomonę apie savigydą. Uždaviniai. 1. Išsiaiškinti vaistinės klientų nuomonę apie savarankišką gydymąsi nereceptiniais vaistiniais preparatais. 2. Nustatyti pagrindinius informacijos šaltinius, kuriais vaistinėje apsilankę gyventojai vadovaujasi, pasirenkant nereceptinius vaistinius preparatus lengvų negalavimų gydymui. 3. Nustatyti amžiaus, lyties, išsimokslinimo bei socialinės padėties ryšį su gyventojų turimomis žiniomis apie nereceptinius vaistinius preparatus ir jų vartojimą. Tyrimo metodika. Tyrimo objektas - Eurovaistinės 210 filialo, esančio prekybos centre „BIG“, Ukmergės g. 369, Vilniuje, klientų nuomonė apie savarankišką gydymąsi. Tyrimo metodai – kiekybinis tyrimas, instrumentas - anoniminė anketinė apklausa. Tyrimas buvo vykdomas 2012 metų vasario 6 – kovo 6 dienomis, gavus leidimą iš UAB „Eurovaistinė“ vadovybės. Mėnesio laikotarpyje buvo išdalinta 300 anketų. Atsakas – 80,3 proc. Tyrimo duomenys apdoroti statistiškai, naudojant „SPSS 19.0 for Windows“ programą. Rezultatai. Tyrimo metu paaiškėjo, kad dažniau vaistinėje lankosi moterys negu vyrai, respondentai pagal lytį pasiskirstė atitinkamai 70,4 proc. ir 29,6 proc. Pusė apklaustųjų – 51,5 proc. vaistinės lankytojų savo sveikatą įvertino kaip gera, beveik trečdalis, 29 proc. – patenkinama. 77,9 proc. apklaustųjų vaistinės klientų lengvi negalavimai vargina. Didžioji dalis respondentų (83,4 proc.) pajutę lengvo negalavimo simptomus, linkę juos malšinti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Work objective. Evaluate drugstore clients opinion on self-treatment. Work tasks. 1. Determine the opinion of drugstore clients about self-medication with non-prescription medication. 2. Determine basic sources of information which are used by drugstore clients while choosing non-prescription medication for ailment treatment. 3. Estimate the relation of clients‘ age, sex and education background also social status with their knowledge about non-prescription medication and their usage. Research method. Research objective – opinion of Eurovaistinė 210-th branch, in shopping centre „BIG“, Ukmergės str. 369, Vilnius clients’ about self-medication. Research methods i.e quantative research, instrument - anonymous questionnaire. The research performed in the period between February 6 and March 6 of 2012, after the management of the drugstore UAB „Eurovaistinė“ gave a permission. 300 hundred questionnaires were completed during the month. The response reached 80,3 percent. The data of the research was processed statistically by using software program „SPSS 19.0 for Windows“. Results of the research. The research revealed that woman attend drugstore more often than men so respondents distributed according the sex respectively 70,4 and 29,6 percent. Half of respondents’ i.e. 51,5 percent of customers of drugstore thought their health to be of good condition, almost one third - 29 percent treated their health satisfactory. 77,9 percent of drugstore clients suffer from ailments... [to full text]

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Hypertension is a common chronic health problem worldwide due to contributing factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and changes in lifestyle. The standard of care for hypertension in South Africa is prescription medication, as well as a stepwise programme; this treatment approach is for the treatment of hypertension according to severity using diuretics, beta-blockers, vasodilators in a stepwise progressive manner. In South Africa,traditional herbal medicines have been used to treat many ailments especially hypertension.Garlic and African olive has been reported as herbal medicines that have anti-hypertensive properties and may be used to control hypertension, either individually or in combination.The objective of this study is to 1) prevalence of these traditional herbal medicines will be investigated and 2) determine the prevalence of garlic and/ or African olive use among hypertensive patients lieu of/or in combination with prescription medication. The study design was cross-sectional, comprising of two phases. Phase one was the administration of questionnaires concerning the participants‘ demographics, medical/clinical history, chronic illness and traditional herbal treatment. One hundred and eighty participants from Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiological study (PURE) cohort were administered questionnaires. Of the 180 participants, 139 indicated that they are hypertensive, 30 hypertensive participants were selected to participate in the in-depth interviews. Phase two was divided into two parts which were detailed interviews including in-depth interviews and a focus group discussion. The focus group discussion was conducted with a convenience sample of 10 hypertensive patients who were available on the day of data collection. The questionnaire data was analysed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the interviews and focus group discussion was analysed using thematic content analysis.The results show that the participants with hypertension who are on prescription medication are also using traditional herbs, garlic and African olive as part of a dualistic health care treatment for their hypertension. The use of garlic is more prevalent than the use of African olive, as African olive was not well known among the participants.The results will facilitate in the acknowledgment of traditional herbal medicine use for hypertension, as either a home remedy for (other) chronic conditions or treatment in combination with prescription medication. It also highlights the necessity to educate participants and healthcare providers in the use of traditional herbal medicine. Furthermore, healthcare workers needs to be trained about THM and should also be obligated to ask about traditional herbal medicine among their patients.

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Despite the evident improvements in the awareness of hypertension among the adult population in the United States, disparities remain in the burden of the disease, its treatment efficacy, and its control when data are compared along age, gender, and race. The purpose of this study was to determine the strength of the relationship between blood pressure control and prescription medication and lifestyle modification (smoking cessation, changes in eating habits, and weight loss). The target population were adult young Black men, and the control variables were age, low socioeconomic status (SES), and disparities in health care. A convenience sample of Black men (age 16-45 years) was obtained (N = 297) from the 2013-2014 NHANES dataset, and bivariate and multiple regressions were conducted after the assumptions were satisfied. The results indicated a statistically significant relationship between prescription medication and systolic blood pressure control (B = -4.327, p = 0.009). The findings of the study can promote social change by highlighting that medication compliance must be encouraged and adhered to by members of this high-risk group. However, further research is suggested to explore the efficacy of lifestyle modification closely to determine if this is a viable treatment option for young Black men of low SES in the United States.