In this thesis, the characteristics and the applications of Kerr-like nonlinear optical waveguide structures have been studied. The nonlinear optical waveguide is a medium whose refractive index changes with the electric field intensity. In the characteristics of Kerr-like nonlinear optical waveguide structures, we propose a general method for analyzing the three-layer optical waveguide structure with all nonlinear layers by using modal theory. Based on this method, the analysis of transforming arbitrary nonlinear layer into linear layer can be achieved easily by modifying nonlinear coefficient. All kinds of the transverse electric field distributions and the dispersion relation in the three-layer Kerr-like nonlinear optical waveguide structure have been obtained. In the application of Kerr-like nonlinear optical waveguide structures, the Mach-Zehnder waveguide interferometer structure will be discussed. Based on the asymmetric medium and asymmetric construction, the new all-optical router switching device and dense wavelength division multiplexing device have been proposed. The numerical results show that the proposed structures could function as all-optical switch devices and all-optical dense wavelength division multiplexing device.

In the paper, the beam propagation method is used to analyze the characteristics and the applications of nonlinear optical waveguide structures. The nonlinear optical waveguide is a medium whose refractive index changes with the electric field intensity. Based on the mode theory, the propagating envelop of optical light waves in the three-layers nonlinear waveguide with the nonlinear cladding, the nonlinear substrate and the linear guiding film can be solved. Not only the dispersion relation curve is described, but also the affection of input power to the electric field distribution is observed. In the application of nonlinear optical waveguide structure, the three-layers nonlinear waveguide structure and the local nonlinear Mach-Zehnder waveguide interferometer structure will be discussed: In the three-layers nonlinear waveguide structure, by launching the symmetric and antisymmetric modes, various characteristics of spatial optical solitons will be observed. Based on the interaction property between spatial optical solitons, a new all-optical 1¡ÑN switching device will be proposed; In the local nonlinear Mach-Zehnder waveguide interferometer structure, by fixing the input signal power and changing the control power, output signal beam will show the switching property. Besides, by changing the local nonlinear distributions, the nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer will show various logic functions. The numerical results show that the proposed structures could function as all-optical switch devices and all-optical logic gates.

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In this paper¡Awe use both beam propagation method and BPM_CAD to analysis the characteristics of nonlinear optical waveguide structures. The refractive index of optical waveguide medium changes with field intensity called nonlinear optical waveguide. We use Mode Theory to solve three layers optical waveguide. There are nonlinear cladding, substrate layers and linear film. Not only find the disperson relation curve, but also observe the affections of the input power to field distribution. With the help of this, we propose a general math method to analysis symmetric muti-layer optical waveguide with periodic index that both cladding and substrate are nonlinear. According to the nonlinear dispersion relation we consider both the affections of the input power to refractive index in the film and space soliton at nonlinear interface. We propose a optical coupler and feed-back optical switch. And also, we analysis 2¡Ñ3 branches optical waveguides by changing their media to nonlinear media. According to the result, we find that they have both logic function and optical switch.

In this paper, we used the beam propagation method to analyze the characteristics of nonlinear optical waveguides. Refractive indexes of media in planar optical waveguides are changed with the electric field intensity called nonlinear planar optical waveguides. We use the modal theory to solve the three-layer planar optical waveguide with the guiding film is nonlinear. We not only obtained dispersion relation curves, but also observed the affections of the input power to field distributions. By the basic theory of this, we proposed a novel method to analyze multi-layer planar optical waveguides with nonlinear or localized nonlinear guiding films.By the theory and novel method we pointed out, on the other hand, we proposed an all-optical switch and analyze the all-optical device by the beam propagation method.

Dans les prochaines décennies, les limites des systèmes de communications optiques actuels seront atteintes à moins d'adopter de nouvelles solutions. L'une d'elles est l'utilisation d'une nouvelle plage spectrale autour de 2 µm stimulée par l'apparition des amplificateurs fibrés dopés thulium. Dans ce manuscrit, nous nous y intéresserons dans le cadre de transmissions très courtes distances sur puces photoniques. Divers matériaux, dont le dioxyde de titane, seront ainsi explorés.Ce travail de thèse a deux principaux objectifs. D'une part, il vise à démontrer que le dioxyde de titane (TiO2), matériau encore peu exploré, est prometteur pour des applications télécoms en le comparant à des plateformes plus matures. D'autre part, il tend à introduire la bande spectrale autour de 2 µm comme une solution à envisager pour les télécommunications de nouvelle génération.Plus précisément, la première partie de cette thèse a pour but de développer une technique pour coupler efficacement la lumière dans les structures en TiO2). Pour la première fois, une configuration faisant appel à un réseau métallique enterré a été évaluée numériquement avant d'être caractérisée expérimentalement. La seconde partie présente des transmissions télécoms haut-débit (10 Gbit/s) autour de µm réalisées sans erreurs dans des guides d'ondes sub-longueur d'onde ou multimodes en dioxyde de titane, silicium ou silicium-germanium. Pour terminer, des fonctions non-linéaires sont explorées sur ces puces photoniques. Il a été ainsi démontré une conversion en longueurs d'onde à 2 µm atteignant -10dB sur silicium ou la génération du premier supercontinuum s'étalant du visible à 2 µm dans un guide d'onde en TiO2. / In the next decades, the limits of current optical communication systems will be reached unless new solutions are adopted. On of them is the use of a new spectral range around 2 µm enabled by the emergence of thulium-doped fiber amplifiers. In this thesis, we will focus on it in the context of very short distances transmissions on photonic chips. Various materials, mainly titanium dioxide (TiO2), will be explored.This thesis work has two main objectives. On the one hand, it aims to demonstrate that a material relatively unexplored, titanium dioxide, is promising for telecom applications by comparing it to more mature plateforms. On the other hand, it tends to introduce the spectral band around 2 µm as a solution to be considered for next-generation communications.More precisely, the first part of this thesis aims to develop a technique to efficiently couple light in TiO2 structures. For the first time, a configuration using a buried metallic grating was evaluated numerically and then characterized experimentally. The second part presents error-free high-speed (10 Gbit/s) telecom transmissions around 2 µm carried out in subwavelength or multimode waveguides in titanium dioxide, silicon or silicon-germanium. Finally, nonlinear functions are explored on the photonic chips. Thus, it has been demonstrated a wavelength conversion at 2 µm reaching -10dB on a silicon waveguide or the first supercontinuum generation spreading from visible to 2 µm wavelength in a TiO2 waveguide.