Thesis (laurea in lettere)--Università di Roma, 1979. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-156).

The purpose of this study was to compare the philosophical stance, terminology, methodology, and research findings of two representative and influential investigators in the field of nonverbal behavior, Ray L. Birdwhistell and Paul Ekman, drawing theoretical implications and practical applications for oral interpretation. The study found that while Birdwhistell has maintained that all nonverbal behavior is culturally learned and must be examined within the communication gestalt, Ekman has emphasized the innate, universal, and expressive elements of bodily movement, especially that of the face. Ekman has recognized the role of cultural learning, however. It was found that neither Birdwhistell's nor Ekman's research has rendered support for any of the theoretical approaches to nonverbal behavior which oral interpreters have entertained in the past. However, it was found that Birdwhistell's and Ekman's approaches to nonverbal behavior do justify a more deliberate training strategy in oral interpretation. It was found that Ekman's external variable research methodology which encompasses both indicative and communicative methods offers more chance of generating meaningful and useful research in oral interpretation than does Birdwhistell's structural approach. It was also found that Ekman's constructs of emblem, illustrator, regulator, adaptor, and affect display offer the most workable vocabulary with which to discuss and elucidate nonverbal behavior, and that Ekman's research which is continually updating and expanding these categories illuminates concepts with which oral interpretation scholars have been grappling for years.

Communication is essential to business. A major component of communication is nonverbal communication. This form of communication has existed and been capitalized upon much longer than verbal communication. Nevertheless, the majority of people do not receive any formalized training on the subject. The objective of this report is to outline the importance of nonverbal communication by providing the reader with a practical introduction to the topic and define how it is applicable to business. / text

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Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University. / Bibliography: leaves 97-106. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oklahoma, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-166).

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 72, [3] p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-55).

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This study investigated nonverbal communication patterns in siblings in the prosocial, neutral, and agonistic conditions. Sixty-four children aged 3 years 3 months to 9 years 6 months (16 same-gender and 16 mixed-gender sibling dyads) participated. All children's behaviors were coded using the system for Identifying Affect Expressions by Holistic Judgments (AFFEX, facial expressions) and the Behavioral Coding System (BCS) for behaviors. The major finding was that all children were as likely to imitate positive facial expressions in the prosocial as in the aggressive conditions. However, they were more likely to imitate positive behaviors in the prosocial condition and negative behaviors in the aggressive condition. Age within the dyad was the most important subject factor affecting imitation of positive facial expressions and positive and negative behaviors. Younger children tended to imitate their older siblings more than the reverse. Gazing at the older siblings' nonverbal behaviors (NVBs) was an important precursor during both prosocial and aggressive play situations. Of paradigmatic importance is the finding on dyad-gender effects that all-female dyads imitated positive facial expressions as part of their communication during aggressive play.

This study introduces Texas Hold'em Poker as a research interest and discusses the use of poker in studying interpersonal deception. The first section reviews relevant literature in the study of deception and detection in order to answer: 1) What is the base rate of deceptive attempts for poker players? 2A) What types of tells are exhibited? 2B) What inconsistent nonverbal behavior does each player exhibit? This research also hypothesizes that bluffers will engage in consistent nonverbal behavior in bluffing and non bluffing sets. The second section describes the methods used. A videotaped poker game was recorded and analyzed. Twenty nonverbal behaviors were coded and frequency of behavior was calculated. The third section describes the results of the analysis: base rate, tells, and inconsistencies. Finally, the last section discusses the results, conclusions, limitations, and further avenues of study. / Department of Communication Studies