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Atividade normativa da administração pública: estudo do processo administrativo normativo. / Public normative action: a study of rulemakingPalma, Juliana Bonacorsi de 16 May 2014 (has links)
Esta tese tem por finalidade analisar o movimento de processualização da atividade normativa da Administração Pública e a dinâmica do processo administrativo normativo no Brasil. Defende-se que o processo administrativo consiste em requisito de validade dos regulamentos editados pelo Poder Público, no exercício da competência normativa, na medida em que se reconhece no regime de direito administrativo o dever de a Administração Pública realizar processo para edição de seus atos normativos. A exposta tese contrapõe-se ao cenário tradicional de edição de regulamentos pelo Poder Público, desprovido de processo administrativo e sem contar com a participação administrativa. O estudo é dividido em quatro frentes de análise. Na primeira, o perene debate sobre o poder normativo é reconstruído com o objetivo principal de verificar as raízes da ausência de realização de processo para exercício desta competência pela Administração. Na sequência, o movimento de processualização da atividade administrativa no Brasil é descrito a partir de fontes primárias, em três fases: os antecedentes da processualidade administrativa, a constitucionalização do processo administrativo e a construção da jurisprudência constitucional sobre o tema, bem como a recente codificação do processo administrativo. A experiência do processo administrativo normativo é objeto de estudo empírico fundamentalmente pela análise do regime jurídico das Agências Reguladoras federais. Pretende-se apresentar um quadro geral de técnicas e debates que possa ser útil para futuras discussões sobre o instituto no Direito Administrativo brasileiro. Nessa linha, traça-se paralelo com o sistema norte-americano, já experimentado no estudo do processo normativo. Por fim, a dinâmica do processo administrativo normativo é apresentada considerando os valores de governança pública, tomados como parâmetros de interpretação das leis gerais de processo administrativo e demais normas correlatas. Assim, as seguintes fases do processo normativo são objeto de estudo: ato de instauração, instrução processual e fase deliberativa. Na conclusão, visão prospectiva sobre o processo administrativo normativo é apresentada com base nos achados de pesquisa da tese. / This dissertation aims to analyze the procedure movement of public normative action and the rulemaking dynamics in Brazil. It is argued that the administrative procedure is a requirement for Public Administration rulemaking as the exercise of legislative power, since administrative law establishes the duty of rulemaking. This thesis opposes the traditional scenario of enactment of rules by Agencies, which is characterized by the lack of both rulemaking and public participation. The analysis is organized in four chapters. The first chapter addresses the perennial debate on Public Administrations normative power and identifies the reasons of the absence of rulemaking. The second chapter focuses on the procedure movement of administrative action in Brazil, which is described through primary sources in three phases: the antecedents of administrative process; constitutionalization of the administrative process and development of its constitutional jurisprudence; and the late codification of administrative procedure. Chapter three presents the results of the empirical study on Regulatory Agencies rules; the study dealt specifically with the rulemaking practice. An overview of techniques and debates encompassed in this procedure is provided as well; this may be useful for future discussions regarding the issues of Brazilian administrative law. Furthermore, it draws a parallel with the system of American administrative law, indicating that the study of rulemaking in the American system is already well-developed. The final chapter presents the dynamic of rulemaking from the perspective of public governances values that are taken as interpretation parameters of the general administrative procedure acts, and other statutes. Therefore, the following stages of rulemaking are analyzed in the dissertation: initiating rulemaking, findings and reasons, and issuance of the rule. In the conclusion, it provides a prospective view of rulemaking based on the research findings in this dissertation.
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La contribution de la commission des Nations unies pour le droit commercial international (CNUDCI) à l'harmonisation et l'uniformisation du droit commercial international / The contribution of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) to the Harmonization and Unification of International Trade LawVieillard, Guillaume 14 March 2014 (has links)
La Commission des Nations Unies pour le droit commercial international (CNUDCI), organe juridique principal de l’Organisation des Nations Unies à vocation universelle, a reçu de l’Assemblée générale de l’ONU pour mandat d’harmoniser, d’uniformiser et de coordonner le droit commercial international. Plus de quarante-cinq années après sa création, la CNUDCI poursuit son œuvre dans les domaines les plus importants du droit commercial international tels que l’arbitrage commercial international, la vente internationale de marchandises, le droit des sûretés, l’insolvabilité, les paiements internationaux, le transport international de marchandises, le commerce électronique, la passation de marchés et le développement des infrastructures. En adoptant divers instruments juridiques par le biais d’un processus de négociation intégrant les Etats ainsi que certaines organisations intergouvernementales et non gouvernementales, la CNUDCI met à la disposition de la communauté internationale des marchands les outils juridiques nécessaires permettant de faciliter et de sécuriser les opérations du commerce mondial. La présente thèse analyse la manière dont la CNUDCI contribue au renforcement du droit commercial international en adoptant un ensemble de règles juridiques sur les opérations commerciales internationales. / The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) is recognized as the core legal body of the United Nations system in the field of international trade law, and has a mandate from the UN General Assembly to harmonize, modernize and coordinate rules on international business. Since its inception over forty-five years ago, UNCITRAL has continued to pursue these aims in the key areas of international trade law such as international commercial arbitration and conciliation, international sales of goods and related transactions, security interests, international payments, international transport of goods, electronic commerce, procurement and infrastructure development. By adopting various legal instruments through a negotiation process involving relevant States and some intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, UNCITRAL provides legal tools to the international merchant community to facilitate and secure transactions in global trade. This thesis analyzes how UNCITRAL contributes to strengthening international trade law by formulating rules on international commercial transactions.
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