This essay is intended to illustrate the norms and values which can be deduced from the notifier Catarina Andersdotter and recorded by Gunnar-Olof Hyltén-Cavallius. Reflects the legends of the peasant culture and life during the later part of 1700´s and early 1800´s.                       In the background material, I have assumed the following conditions of life; faith, love, work and children. Since Hyltén-Cavallius is our filter between us and the notifier, I have examined his life and incorporated events that may be of interest of the essay. Catarina Andersdotter´s life is described in the essay to show the factors and living conditions in her life that influenced her choice of stories.                       The environment of the commons over time period is described for the purpose of the variables of the legends. Legends have been qualitatively and quantitatively investigated.                       The essay shows that most of the legends deal with mytical world and its creatures as well as the interaction with humans. People are described mainly in situation dealing with everyday task of the country. The essay shows the connection between folklore and Christian world view.                       To obtain deeper and more adequate pictures of the values and norms among the commons during the time period a wide range of sources need to be used.

Television has developed dramatically over the past six years in Afghanistan with a potential for providing extensive health information to its viewers, yet little is known about the coverage of health issues on Afghan television. Using the theories of agenda-setting and framing, and social norms approach this study explored what health-related topics were covered, how they were covered, and what sociocultural practices were broadcasted by the major Afghan private, national televisions. The study used a sample of six constructed weeks in 2010 of two leading private, national television networks. Firstly, the study found that priority health problems such as maternal and child health, communicable disease and mental health received very less coverage. Secondly, however, individual-level and societal-level causes were blamed equally for the health problems; individual behaviour solutions were the favourite choice of the media, turning a blind eye to government weakness and organizational solutions. Thirdly, self-prescription, religious and traditional health seeking behaviour, and gender inequity were routine practices reflected on television. As the first content analyses of the coverage of health-related issues in Afghanistan, the study provides public health professions, the Afghan media and policy makers a broad picture of health information available to the public on the leading Afghan television stations.

Recent development of implicit measures has enabled researchers to investigate the relation between implicit attitudes and automatic behaviours. Among these measures, the implicit association test (IAT: Greenwald, McGhee Schwartz, 1998) is one of the most widely used measures of implicit attitudes. However, recently, Olson and Fazio (2004) demonstrated that the IAT is contaminated by “extrapersonal associations” and suggested that the personalized version of the IAT is less influenced by these associations. In this paper, we demonstrated that the extrapersonal associations reflect cultural norms and predict meaningful behaviour. In Study 1, we found that the traditional IAT is predicted by both the personalized IAT and our cultural norm IAT. In Study 2, we found the cross-cultural differences in the implicit cultural norms. Finally, in Study 3, we demonstrated that the personalized IAT and normative IAT both predict behaviours among European-Canadians and Asian-Canadians. Thus, our studies provide evidence of predictive validity for the cultural norm IAT.

Globalizationhas lead to a condition of an ever increasing role of the Multinational Corporations(MNCs) acting on the global arena. This development has further resulted in thecreation and wide recognition of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). WhileCSR is thought to enhance quality of life and promote human rights, at timesthe norms which is often referred to as universal and that are building up thefoundation of CSR clashes with culturally manifested practices. This study aimsat providing a discussion of how we can address CSR and thus norms consideredas universal when they clashes with practices regarded as culturally embedded.This study will conduct the practice of guanxi – a Chinese custom oftenconfused with corruption – and explore the possibility to think outside the boxby making use of postcolonial theory when approaching the problem of culturalrelativism, ethnocentrism and moral dilemmas.

This study sought to understand: Why do young men play online games? How are the social aspects of the online gaming community governed? How is this virtual gaming world connected to the real world? The study explored the motivations and social conventions in online first person shooter games, and how they impact each other. As well, this study examined the relationship between this virtual world and the real physical world. A group of six young males between the ages of 18-30 years shared, in-depth, their opinions during individual interviews and a focus group discussion. First hand data were observed and collected during live online video gaming sessions. The data were coded and sorted according to themes in order to identify coding groups. The data revealed several motivating factors to play online first person shooter games, which are discussed in detail. As well, the research provided a better understanding of the social conventions in the online gaming community and how motivating factors and social conventions influence and impact one another. Many different ways in which this virtual environment is connected to the real world were discovered and many different factors can carry over into real life, such as relationships and money.

This single case study conducted with creative interviews, addresses perceptions of professional norms and meanings of black female hairstyles in Swedish public administration. By incorporating prior U.S scholarship and applying intersectional theory, black female hair is analyzed through social constructions of gender, race and class as intermeshed dimensions. This study indicates how the norms of neutrality, disadvantage black female employees in Swedish public administration, as they are subjected to stares, comments and touching of their "deviant" hairstyles. The intersectional analysis indicates how perceptions of femininity and blackness collide in problematic ways, as black professional hair is described as straight hair. Despite this, the informants were convinced that straight hair does not come naturally for black women. Concluding, this study suggests that black women may be more seriously taken, by presenting a "feminine" and "neutral" hairstyle, through subjecting themselves to perceived straight hair norms in Swedish public administration

Television has developed dramatically over the past six years in Afghanistan with a potential for providing extensive health information to its viewers, yet little is known about the coverage of health issues on Afghan television. Using the theories of agenda-setting and framing, and social norms approach this study explored what health-related topics were covered, how they were covered, and what sociocultural practices were broadcasted by the major Afghan private, national televisions. The study used a sample of six constructed weeks in 2010 of two leading private, national television networks. Firstly, the study found that priority health problems such as maternal and child health, communicable disease and mental health received very less coverage. Secondly, however, individual-level and societal-level causes were blamed equally for the health problems; individual behaviour solutions were the favourite choice of the media, turning a blind eye to government weakness and organizational solutions. Thirdly, self-prescription, religious and traditional health seeking behaviour, and gender inequity were routine practices reflected on television. As the first content analyses of the coverage of health-related issues in Afghanistan, the study provides public health professions, the Afghan media and policy makers a broad picture of health information available to the public on the leading Afghan television stations.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate how presenteeism research can be reconciled with positive psychology through exploring the relationship between organizational attendance pressure-and adjustment norms, work engagement and presenteeism. The working model this thesis uses to look at this adapts the job demands–resources (JD-R) model to predict whether workers will choose to exhibit presenteeism or be absent in the context of Johns’s dynamic model of presenteeism and absenteeism (2010). Participants were 280 workers from a wide variety of sectors who answered a questionnaire that asked about their psychosocial work environment. The design was cross-sectional. Covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The results suggest that the motivational process of the JD-R model does not explain presenteeism to a statistically significant degree. However, the positive relationship between organizational adjustment norms and work engagement was significantly greater for workers with a high level of perceived organizational attendance pressure norms versus those who perceived it to be low. This thesis concludes that how presenteeism is measured and from what sectors workers are recruited to be respondents may influence the results and interpretations of it. Future research that investigates the relationship between work engagement and presenteeism may be warranted for finding new ways of measuring presenteeism and to recruit respondents who work in places where presenteeism is less likely to be perceived as negative for their health (e.g.,knowledge workers in universities).

This thesis documents the development of the Chinese government??s response to HIV/AIDS in the context of the global AIDS regime in order to assess when, how and to what extent international AIDS norms have had an impact upon China??s governance of AIDS. Employing an applied constructivist framework, the thesis argues that the impact of global norms at the domestic level has been contingent on a) the socializing actions of norm entrepreneurs, b) the domestic political context and c) crisis. In the case of China and the impact of global AIDS norms, the central argument is that key elements of China??s domestic political context minimized the socializing affects of the global AIDS regime until the SARS crisis in 2003 led to a reappraisal of AIDS in the context of political legitimacy, at which time global AIDS norms began to have increasing salience in China. This thesis begins by identifying the evolution of a global AIDS regime before moving on to an exploration of China??s domestic political context. The thesis then documents and analyses China??s governance of AIDS from 1985 to 2007 through the use of five indicators ?? political commitment, legislation and policy, representation of AIDS in the media, the participation of civil society, and international engagement. The findings demonstrate that there has been a significant change between China??s pre-SARS and post-SARS AIDS governance with China acting increasingly in accordance with global norms following the SARS crisis of 2003. The thesis proposes that the SARS crisis was catalytic in that it exposed the vulnerability of the Chinese government??s claims to legitimacy, and in so doing, enabled the domestic political context to shift, allowing health, and by extension AIDS, to be reframed as a political issue. Importantly however, when the Chinese government scaled up its response to the epidemic it was able to be guided by the normative framework prescribed by the global AIDS regime.

Thesis (M.S.)--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (ℓ. 59-61)