<p> Morocco, an emerging nation, is working to contribute to long-term commitments regarding environmental and social sustainability on both local and global levels. Given the urgency of the ecological and social crisis, which is clearly evident at national, regional, and international levels, sustainable development is a response by all actors to reconsider global economic growth in order to take account of the environmental, cultural and social issues in the same balanced development approach. Several initiatives have been introduced in recent years in all areas related to sustainable development, starting with the national human development initiative, the Green Morocco plan, the 2020 Vision for Tourism, among many others (Bilali.2016). Morocco recently received international recognition as the hosts and organizers for the COP22 conference in November 2016. This is the second COP conference they&rsquo;ve spearheaded, the first being COP7, which took place in 2001. (Zaierg.2016). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept that is intended to empower companies in their engagement with social and ecological responsibilities of the communities in which they operate and have impact. CSR is implemented within companies through different levers including: human resource management, public affairs, and supply chain management. The processes these business levers carry out are meant to support corporate development to embody more humane and responsible actions, as well as to improve the image of the company in the eyes of its employees and the world at large. CSR is one of the central social pillars defined to achieve sustainable development (World Finance.n.d.2014). As Morocco&rsquo;s economy develops, companies are faced with the obligation to follow this international approach on sustainability and to construct strategies with long-lasting advantages to support the efficiency and performance of their companies. Despite the recent launch of a wide array of sustainably focused commitments, the country is still poorly ranked according to OECD, ILO, UNDP, and WEF (Hespress.2016). It is within these reports that the gap between Morocco&rsquo;s highly publicized image and the reality is made painfully clear. What was intended to help progress the countries&rsquo; sustainable development may not be feasible in its current state, definitely, drastic changes are needed. (Wilkes.2016)</p><p>

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Paris 13, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 468-495) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Paris 13, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 468-495) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 21, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 234-252).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Notre Dame, 2005. / Thesis directed by Catherine Perry for the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures. "July 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-81).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 482-511).

No description available.

<p> La litt&eacute;rature et le cin&eacute;ma sur l'&eacute;migration d&eacute;crivent principalement les personnages migrants irr&eacute;guliers comme des damn&eacute;s n'ayant aucune place dans un monde globalis&eacute;. Nonobstant cela, les &laquo; harragas &raquo; s&rsquo;empressent de &laquo; br&ucirc;ler &raquo; leur identit&eacute; sur des bateaux minuscules et surcharg&eacute;s, dans des p&eacute;riples mortels, et all&eacute;goriquement compar&eacute;s &agrave; une qu&ecirc;te d'initiation. Ce faisant, ils s'efforcent d'exister en traversant silencieusement des fronti&egrave;res &eacute;motionnelles, psychologiques et physiques. Par cons&eacute;quent, &agrave; travers des romans et des films contemporains d'Afrique du Nord et de l'Ouest sur l'immigration irr&eacute;guli&egrave;re, je montre que le confinement dans un processus silencieux est en r&eacute;alit&eacute; un signe de r&eacute;sistance des migrants africains francophones sans papiers. </p><p> Ma dissertation s'articule autour de quatre parties principales, &agrave; savoir un chapitre pr&eacute;liminaire sur les perspectives th&eacute;oriques, et trois autres chapitres sur le franchissement des fronti&egrave;res comme un voyage initiatique, le silence en contexte d&rsquo;&eacute;migration irr&eacute;guli&egrave;re et le lien entre immigration et r&eacute;sistance. </p><p> Dans ma recherche, je me r&eacute;f&egrave;re aux concepts de silence et de r&eacute;sistance pour explorer divers aspects du franchissement ill&eacute;gal des fronti&egrave;res et ses cons&eacute;quences. En particulier, je me focalise sur les corps des &laquo; clandestins &raquo;, qui transmettent un message m&ecirc;me s'ils s'av&egrave;rent souvent &ecirc;tre des cadavres. Dans ce processus, je m'appuie sur le Monomythe de Joseph Campbell, notamment les &eacute;tapes du voyage du h&eacute;ros, les id&eacute;es de Mbembe sur le postcolonialisme et les th&eacute;ories sur le silence d&eacute;velopp&eacute;es par Van den Heuvel, de la Motte, Hanus &amp; Nazarova et Le Breton. J'utilise aussi la th&eacute;orie de James Scott sur les formes de r&eacute;sistance au quotidien, et je parle du concept d'initiation tel que d&eacute;fini par des th&eacute;oriciens comme Amadou Ou&eacute;draogo. </p><p> En fin de compte, le &laquo; br&ucirc;lage &raquo; des fronti&egrave;res dans les productions litt&eacute;raires pourrait &ecirc;tre analys&eacute; comme un acte silencieux de survie et de r&eacute;sistance des personnages africains postcoloniaux qui cherchent &agrave; changer leur image de perdants, m&ecirc;me s'ils font face &agrave; un monde occidental qui, graduellement, ferme ses fronti&egrave;res et se pr&eacute;sente comme une &laquo; forteresse. &raquo;</p><p>

Abstract not available.

<p> Citizens&rsquo; increased access to the internet is transforming political landscapes across the globe. The implications for civil society, culture, religion, governmental legitimacy and accountability are vast. In nations where one does not typically expect &ldquo;modern&rdquo; or egalitarian ideals to be prevalent among highly religious and conservative populations, those with motivations to unite around socially and culturally taboo causes are no longer forced to silently acquiesce and accept the status quo. The internet has proven to be an invaluable tool for those aiming to engage in social activism, as it allows citizens in highly oppressive authoritarian regimes to covertly mobilize and coordinate online protest events (such as hashtag campaigns, proclamations via social media, signing of petitions, and even DDoS attacks) without the fear of repression.</p><p> What catalyzes lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) equality movements in authoritarian regimes, specifically with respect to the Middle East and North African region? This thesis argues that gay rights movements are more likely to emerge in politically repressive, more conservative states when new political opportunities&mdash;namely access to the internet for purposes of political organization&mdash;become available. This master&rsquo;s thesis identifies why LGBTQ movements emerged in Morocco and Algeria, but not in Tunisia until after it underwent democratization. These states will be analyzed in order to gauge the strength of their LGBTQ rights movements and, most importantly, to identify which variables most cogently explain their existence altogether.</p>