This study was designed to explore specific aspects of the relationship between language and cognition. Comparisons of a normal population with populations deficient in verbal ability provide information relevant to the qualification of this relationship. In this respect, B.C. Indian children were an appropriate group for comparison with normal white children since they are apparently deficient in verbal development. It was considered worthwhile to determine if there are cognitive differences between Indian and white children and if there are, to determine if these differences can be attributed to differences in verbal ability in the form of verbal mediation. Evidence of verbal mediation is assumed to be exemplified in the relatively greater ease of executing a R over a NR shift. In a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial design involving age (7,8,9), shift (R-NR), and ethnic group (Indian-white), it was hypothesized that there would be a significant interaction between shift and ethnic group. A total of sixty-seven Indian and fifty-one white children was initially tested. However, nineteen Indian and three white children failed to learn the first discrimination to criterion within the limit of one hundred trials. The difference between these proportions was highly significant. Analyses were conducted for the resulting self-selected sample of forty-eight Indian and forty-eight white children who succeeded in attaining the first criterion and who went on to the shift task. On original learning, there were no significant differences or interactions for this self-selected sample. On the shift, there was a significant main effect only for the shift factor, with the R shift performance being superior to MR shift performance for both ethnic groups. There were no differences between Indians and whites in overall performance or in the relative difficulty of R and NR shifts. Supplementary analyses were performed to explore other possible differences. It was found that the white children were relatively consistent in the speed with which they learned both the original discrimination and shift while, in contrast, the Indian children were not. Those Indian children who were "fast" in original learning became "slow" on the shift, whereas those who were"slow" in original learning became "fast" on the shift. On the basis of post-experimental card sort and verbalization tests, it was also found that the shape dimension was more salient than the size dimension and that Indian children were not as successful in giving an appropriate overt label to the triangle concept. The specific hypothesis that there would be a significant interaction between shift and ethnic group was not supported. However, in general, the results from the supplementary analyses and the fact that significantly more Indian than white children failed to reach the first criterion suggested that there wore cognitive differences between Indian and white children. There was no specific evidence to support a mediational deficiency interpretation of these differences. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

This thesis examines the general subject of real estate property taxation and the specific problem of evaluating the consequences of certain taxation policies. The administration of real estate property taxation in North America is examined by means of a literature review. Particular emphasis is placed on the criticism that has been directed at the tax on the basis of administration and the nature of the tax. The problem of non-uniformity of taxation and its consequences is examined in great detail. The sources of the problem and proposed remedies are reviewed and the methods of analysis are subjected to a critical analysis. The economic characteristics of real estate property taxes are analyzed, drawing particular attention to the difference between the effects of a tax on land and a tax on improvements. Taxes on land and improvements are evaluated in terms of their effects on property values, rents, investment decisions and development. Land assessment practices in a residential-business transition zone adjacent to the central business district in Regina are examined in detail, relating the assessed values to estimated market values. Assessed land values, expressed as percentages of estimated market value in the transition zone are compared to assessed land values in developing residential subdivisions also expressed as a percentage of the estimated market value. Land assessment rates in the transition zone are adjusted to approximately the same percentage of estimated market value as the land assessment rates in the developing subdivisions and the effect of this change on the distribution of taxes is calculated. The effects of the redistribution of taxes are evaluated using economic and real estate property taxation theories. The examination is limited to a qualitative analysis due to the lack of data which prevents the formulation of mathematical models that are capable of making quantitative predictions. In conclusion, although the methods employed to analyze the under- assessment of land in one part of the city do provide some indication of the consequences of the policy, the inability to make quantitative judgments limits their application as policy implementation tools. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Traditionally, the native people of the North American continent did not evolve levels of organization beyond that of the band. In addition, political organizations as we know them did not exist. As a result there is no historical precedent for the levels of organization which the Indian leadership now recognize as necessary for the protection of what remains of their way of life, and for a rebirth of their culture under conditions that they control, independent of the Department of Indian Affairs which has controlled much of their lives over the past century. In the late 1960's, partly as a result of the permissibility of democratic ideology adopted by the DIA and partly because of the increase of sophistication of the Indian leadership in dealing with the white man's ways, the movement towards more local control has seen demands placed upon the DIA to respond to the Indian's needs as they themselves define them. This thesis traces the recent development in the Cariboo-Chilcotin region of the Interior of B.C.; and in particular, the development of the Caribou Tribal Council (CTC) as it increased its political capability and attempted to mount an independence movement and control the program funds of DIA following the rejection of government funds by the Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs. Material collected for this thesis includes extensive interviews with Tribal Council members and resource people, the written documentation immediately relevant to this subject, and viewing video tape films of some recent important meetings. In developing this interpretive chronology, the author witnessed several meetings of the Tribal Council and one of their major workshops. In addition, various people associated with the Council have commented on the draft of the paper. The struggle to unify three distinct cultural groupings makes the alliance of bands at best a loose alliance. The Caribou Tribal Council was able to develop and maintain the initiative in policy matters towards the Department of Indian Affairs. That initiative, partly because of efforts of the Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs, was given strength by the cultural movement towards independence of Indian people. Because the Department did not respond quickly and positively to the Indian initiative, the political strength of the CTC waned enough to a point where the DIA could re-establish its initiative and the CTC was forced to react. The DIA initiative was a return to its former position of stating that it would decide when the Indian people were ready for more control over Departmental programs and what form the training for that control would take. In the meantime the other major thrust of Indian political activity, that of the land claims, which is not directed at DIA, remains a focus of considerable energy. What will become of the land claim issue is difficult to say, but at least some bands seem to be resolute in their efforts to achieve recognition and settlement of the claim. In the meantime, the local DIA office remains a symbol of the presence of the agency which had controlled so much of the lives of the Indian people, and on which they seem to have become dependent. As a symbol, it remains a target for the alliance of the three tribes comprised of the 15 bands in the district. A recent political phenomenon which is related to the need for an increased administrative capability on the part of bands is the emergence of Area Councils based largely on tribal cultural lines. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

The genus Dryocoetes is widely distributed in Europe, Asia, North America and Central America. It consists of about sixty species, seven of which occur in North America.

A collection of poems.

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