Changes in the physical properties of the atmosphere are caused by geographic influences and dynamic effects. The nature of the surface of the earth over which the air passes is usually the main factor in modifying the air in the lower levels of the troposphere. The ocean area of Hudson Bay in northeastern Canada presents an extensive surface for modification of air. Continental polar air crossing Hudson Bay and continuing into eastern Canada is modified not only by the underlying surface but also by the dynamic effects occurring in the atmosphere during its trajectory over these regions. The amount of modification is of major importance in the climate of the surrounding area, and in the meteorology of North American air masses. It was the purpose of this study: 1. To compute the changes in the physical properties that occur in continental polar air over Hudson Bay, Consequently, a project was undertaken to determine the amount of ice that forms on Hudson Bay in winter. The effect of the formation of ice in changing the modification of air was then studied. [...]

The distribution of wealth occurs frequently in Mark Twain's novels, especially at the resolution. Indeed, Twain uses wealth as resolution in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Prince and the Pauper, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and Pudd'nhead Wilson. The repeated use of this formula in the author's approach to novel writing indicates the tremendous influence that capitalism had in shaping his worldview. In his early works, Twain appears to endorse capitalism in his use of wealth as resolution. Tom Sawyer, The Prince and the Pauper, and Huckleberry Finn each conclude with the distribution of capital as a reward to the protagonists and as an effective solution to conflicts presented throughout the texts. However, the tone of Pudd'nhead Wilson is decidedly different. This later novel ends with wealth as resolution, but the result is not the happiness granted to characters in Twain's previous works. Instead, the fates of Tom Driscoll, Chambers, and Roxy leave the reader with a sense of the inadequacy of capitalism. Twain's change in his approach reveals a rejection of bourgeois values. An examination at the resolution to all four novels reveals Twain's shifting Weltanschauung, culminating with a rejection of the dominant ideology in Pudd'nhead Wilson.

Early Palaeocene floras from twenty seven sites within the Raton, southern Powder River and south-western Williston Basins of the western interior of North America were collected, and their leaf physiognomy, ecological character and depositional setting compared. Such a spread of samples enabled the study of spatial and temporal vegetational and climatic variations in the region, following the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event. Climatic changes are observed across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Precipitation increased dramatically, and remained relatively high throughout the earliest Palaeocene. Temperatures were somewhat lower, compared to those of the Late Cretaceous, and seasonality in climate increased. Climatic and vegetation zones shifted southwards as latitudinal climatic equability decreased. Palaeotemperature and palaeoprecipitation were determined using CLAMP and leaf margin analysis. Experiments carried out to assess the robustness of CLAMP to loss of foliar physiognomic data revealed that this data loss did not drastically effect palaeoclimatic determinations but that information about leaf size and margin type had the most effect on results. Vegetation was of low diversity directly after the boundary event, but recovered to stable, but still relatively low levels, within a short time. Changes in diversity are difficult to interpret due to masking by taphonomic biases, which are important within the depositional environments analysed in this study. Climatic deterioration and the prevalence of disturbed environments ultimately facilitated expansion of the angiosperms, although their aspect was changed with a general increase in deciduous forms, in relation to increased seasonality and decreased equability. These trends cannot be related merely to the impact of a bolide at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, but reflect the more global and wide-ranging changes of the period, which were punctuated by this brief, deleterious event. Previous work has tended to concentrate on the North American continent but a more global perspective reveals that the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event was not a world-wide catastrophe within terrestrial environments.

No description available.

Today we are witnessing an increased demand for Aboriginal people to assume teaching roles previously held by white Western people in their communities (L. McAlpine, personal communication; Matthew, 1982). To date, there is little research documenting the teaching strategies of different Aboriginal peoples in Canada. The present study documents Cree and Mohawk teachers' beliefs about and use of play as an educational strategy at the primary and early elementary levels, and contrasts this with three non-Aboriginal teachers working in the same communities. Nine Aboriginal teachers were interviewed regarding their beliefs about play as an educational strategy; seven of these teachers were also videotaped teaching. A coding scheme was used to analyse the teachers' videotaped lessons. Similar data were obtained for the non-Aboriginal teachers. The Cree and Mohawk teachers held similar beliefs about play as an educational strategy; their beliefs differed from those of the non-Aboriginal teachers. In terms of their use of play, some differences between the Cree and Mohawk teachers were found; differences between the Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal teachers also surfaced. Results support the notion that Aboriginal teacher may differ from non-Aboriginal teacher's in their beliefs about play, and that Cree and Mohawk teachers themselves may use different patterns of play in their lessons.

This dissertation explores individuals' approaches to information search and use in consumer decision making in two dissimilar cultures: China and North America. The research consists of two exploratory studies designed to develop a deep description of information search and use in each of the two cultures studied. Since the two cultures are so different, the research also examined cultural dimensionality and the specific dimensions that appear to impact information search and use in each culture. In addition, the studies probed the implications of these findings for other stages of consumer decision making in Chinese and North American culture. / The dissertation utilizes primarily qualitative approaches to investigate the topic in an interpretive fashion. Throughout the research, an emphasis is placed on a multi-method approach in an attempt to develop descriptions and theories of information search and use for the two cultures being investigated. The Chinese study was directed from a base in Beijing, China, and the North American study was directed from two bases in Montreal, Canada, and Boston, Massachusetts. The two studies each utilize three product categories chosen to maximize understanding of information search and use characteristics of each culture. The methods employed include focus groups and interviews, observation, content analysis, and store layout and product availability analyses. / The contributions of this research are both theoretical and practical. The dissertation provides a deeply descriptive study of information search and use for two disparate cultures. In addition, the insights gained from the two separate studies should lead to a better understanding of the role culture plays in information search and use more generally. Moreover, the research should help managers to adapt their promotional efforts to the differing cultural needs of two disparate cultures, and to understand how differences in information search and use between cultures can impact other phases of the decision making process, such as the evaluation of alternatives and post-purchase satisfaction.

No description available.

This is an inquiry into the evolution of the North American suburb by way of review of notable historical precedents of various types of suburban developments. / A precept of this thesis is that the current, dominant form of urbanization is of a suburban nature, characterized by vast areas of low-density, single-use, disjointed compartments of daily life; that suburbanization has become the physical de-construction of community; and that suburbanization at its most extreme is ultimately deleterious to a healthy society and environmentally unsustainable. The suburban environment is far from the desired ideal and in fact is an aberration. / Given our seemingly innate desire for the ideal of a "home within a garden," and through the inquiry into the successes and failures of past planned suburbs, it is hoped that a better understanding and a melding of the ideal and an equitable reality can be obtained, promoting a healthy, vibrant sense of community that is environmentally sustainable. / The examples of planned suburban precedents that are examined include industrial towns, railroad and streetcar suburbs, as well as pre- and post-war automobile suburbs. Also there is some examination of utopian and alternative planning theories as well as contemporary examples of successful planned communities. All of which provide a greater understanding of the principles that must be applied to address the issues of our future urbanization process, which will likely be of a suburban nature. / It is hoped that through this inquiry into successful suburban precedents, that a clearer understanding can be achieved of how to more closely attain the individual ideal of a home within a garden, while balancing the collective needs of a community and sustainability, within an inherently chaotic, free-market process.

Classification and mapping of ecological zones on a global scale has been a topic of research for many years. This research looks at the development of a global spatial database of ecological zones for the FRA 2000 Report of the United Nations FAO. Besides evaluating the most appropriate type of classification scheme for this purpose, it explores and demonstrates how existing data, for the United States and Canada, can be reclassified to match the FAO classification scheme. Accuracy of mapping is a synergistic function of error, uncertainty, and quality. An assessment of the draft FAO Level D Ecological Zone map was performed which classifies 10-year average, bi-monthly, smoothed AVHRR-NDVI composites of the conterminous United States by applying linear discriminant and decision tree analyses. The results of the linear discriminant analysis were more significantly correlated to the FAO classes, although both approaches suggest that the classification scheme does maximize between-class variance of the NDVI temporal series.

This study analyses certain aspects of the relationship between culture and technology by using the example of the 35mm still photographic camera. Methodologically, the study integrates two perspectives in communication theory, namely diffusion of innovation and cultural studies. The study consists of five segments. First, the need for technological innovation is defined in terms of developing social formations. Secondly, the history of photographic research and development is traced in terms of various models of industrial development, and in terms of the horizontal and vertical integration of manufacturing. The commercialization of the camera is treated in relation to the history of markets, and their disturbances by war and other political developments. Next, the study provides an analysis of specialty magazine advertising as it relates to the 35mm camera. Finally, the adoption and utilization of this new technology are discussed in terms of the competing interests of various social formations in modern society.