我國自1959年12月運用美援資助，派遣第一個農業技術團前往越南協助其農業改良，因駐越南農業技術團工作績效良好，對增進兩國之外交關係有很大的幫助，政府乃於1960年實施「先鋒案」計畫，之後陸續成立「中非技術合作委員會」、「海外技術合作委員會」、「海外經濟合作發展基金管理委員會」，直到現今的「國際合作發展基金會」。 農業，一直在台灣經濟發展過程中扮演要角，更可說台灣農業發展成果為「台灣經濟奇蹟」奠定了良好的基礎。台灣地狹人稠，農業發展著重於技術創新，適時適地突破自然資源瓶頸限制，開啟了台灣的農業對外援助，是為台灣外交困境上一有利的突破手段。 台灣運用純熟的農業技術對外實施農業援助，派遣各農業援助技術團到各國家，藉以提升台灣的國際地位。本論文選取泰國、印尼此兩東南亞國家作一詳細論述，探討該種農業援助之過程和效果，並從歷史、政治、經濟等層面加以比較，並可藉此做為研究其他東南亞國家或其他地區國家之用。我國與印尼、泰國均無外交關係，透過農業援助的方式對於雙方之實質關係亦具有正面功能。 / Since December 1959, Taiwan took advantage of the United States Aid Funding to sent the first agricultural technological mission to help Vietnam. Due to the good performance of agricultural mission, it contributed to promote diplomatic relations between the two countries. In 1960, the government of ROC executed “the Operation Vanguard Plan” to help African countries, and then setup the Sino-Africa Technical Cooperation Committee (SATCC). Then in 1972, the SATCC was incorporated into the Committee of International Technical Cooperation (CITC). In 1989, the government established the International Economic Cooperation Development Fund (IECDF), and reorganized into the International Cooperation and Development Fund in 1996. Agriculture has been playing an important role in economic development in Taiwan, also lays a good foundation for the 'Taiwan economic miracle'. Taiwan is so densely populated, agricultural development focused on the technological innovation in order to break down the barriers of natural conditions. Agricultural aid opened up an unique way for Taiwan’s foreign relations. Taiwan applied the skillful agricultural technologies for foreign aid and sent agriculture technological mission to certain countries in order to enhance the international status of Taiwan. This paper selects two Southeast Asian countries, Thailand and Indonesia, as a case study, and tries to explore the procedures and effects of agricultural aid for using that to study the other countries and understand the advantages and disadvantages of Taiwan’s agricultural aid. Taiwan has no diplomatic relations with Indonesia and Thailand, but it gets a positive effects through such an agricultural aid.