Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-05-18T14:24:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CharleSP_DISSERT.pdf: 910690 bytes, checksum: 59c5e27b94cfbdfc815497c189471131 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T14:24:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CharleSP_DISSERT.pdf: 910690 bytes, checksum: 59c5e27b94cfbdfc815497c189471131 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Nosemosis is today one of the major threats to profitable beekeeping, just after varroa. Since it is a disease which has only recently become aware of the scientific community, the lack of knowledge and often a carelessness among beekeepers. Therefore this study aimed to detect the pathogen Nosema spp. and the V. destructor mite in non-fed and fed beehives " pollen dust" during the period of low rainfall. The experiment was conducted from June to December 2013, in the city of Jaguaruana, Ceará, where the installation of beehives and collecting bees occurred since the second stage was performed in city of Mossoró RN, which took place in the laboratory mite count and detection of Nosema spp. The data gathered from Nosema spp. and Varroa destructor infestation were statistically analyzed by using the program "R software version 2.3.0." The results showed that when comparing between beehives fed and not fed to the presence of Nosema spp. in honeybees collected inside and outside the beehives, there was no difference between treatments. As well as showed no statistics regarding the collection site differences of the bees. It was also found that the level of infestation of the mite Varroa destructor did not influence the level of presence of Nosema spp., when compared to beehives fed and not fed. However, we can not affirm that the "pollen dust" under the experimental conditions, is not a source of contamination, since the Nosema spp. can develop at higher temperatures / A Nosemose é hoje uma das principais ameaças à apicultura rentável, logo depois da varroose. Dado ser uma doença da qual se tem um conhecimento recente entre a comunidade científica, a falta de conhecimento e por vezes uma displicência entre os apicultores. Portanto objetivou-se neste trabalho a detecção do patógeno Nosema spp. e do ácaro Varroa destructor em colmeias não alimentadas e alimentadas com “pó de pólen” durante o período de escassez de chuva. O experimento foi desenvolvido de junho a dezembro de 2013, no Município de Jaguaruana – Estado do Ceará, onde ocorreu a instalação das colmeias e coleta das abelhas, já a segunda etapa foi realizada no Município de Mossoró - RN, onde se realizou em laboratório a contagem de ácaro e detecção da Nosema spp. Os dados coletados de Nosema spp. e infestação por Varroa destructor foram analisados estatisticamente mediante o uso do programa “software R versão 2.3.0”. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que quando foi comparado entre colmeias alimentadas e não alimentadas à presença de Nosema spp em abelhas Apis mellifera coletadas dentro e fora das colmeias, não houve diferença entre os tratamentos. Bem como não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas quanto ao local de coleta das abelhas. Também se constatou que o nível de infestação de ácaro Varroa destructor não influenciou o nível de presença de Nosema spp., quando comparado a colmeias alimentadas e não alimentadas. No entanto, não podemos afirmar que o “pó de pólen” nas condições do experimento, não seja uma fonte de contaminação, uma vez que a Nosema spp. pode se desenvolver em temperaturas mais elevadas / 2017-05-18

The nosem infection is a worldwide spread bee illness caused by two microsporidia (Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae). The aim of this thesis is to follow the occurrence of Nosema spp. and density of infection in the selected bee colonies considering the relation between N. apis, N. ceranae, climatic conditions and the condition of each bee colony concerned. In my thesis, I have used two ways of originator identification. The first was microscopy, using which we have discovered significant changes in the number of spores in one bee colony within one year. After the experiment had finished, we evaluated the number of measured spores in connection with the outside temperature, humidity, number of colonized frames, extenders, gentleness of bees and their sitting on the honey combs. The second way was using the PCR method. Through this method we have identified the percentage of positive bee colonies on the selected locations. Furthermore, we have confirmed the occurrence of each of the originators and evaluated if there is a mutual influence of Nosema spp. between bee colonies.

Nosemosis is a serious disease of bees caused by microsporidia Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Both species are widely spread around the world and in the Czech Republic. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of Nosema spp., describe the species variability and assess the influence of the season. PCR method amplifying part of the gene encoding the small ribosomal subunit rRNA was used to identify the species of Nosema spp. A total 77 samples originated from 17 farmers were examined Out of them, 71% (55 samples) were positive for the presence of Nosema spp. Samples were collected in five seasons in 2011?2012. Both N. apis, and N. ceranae were detected in all breeds. In 2011, N. apis was detected as causative agent of nosemosis except one sample, where the mixed infection was detected. In 2012, N. ceranae was observed in mono- or mixed infections. Currently monoinfections of N. apis were not detected in 2012. Generally, the highest occurrence was detected in the autumn and winter months.

Nosematosis belongs to the intestinal disease of bees, which is widely spread both in the world and in the Czech Republic. It is caused by Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the occurrence of the Nosema dispute in the territory of ČSV Bystřice, to describe species variability and to assess the effect of the season on the occurrence of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. To detect infection of colonies, 5 bees from selected hives were examined under the microscope. In positive specimens on nosematosis, the species of Nosema spore was molecularly examined. In total, 93 samples from 15 breeders were examined. Samples were taken in the spring and summer of 2017. The sampling took place both for malachists and for farmers with more than 150 bee colonies. During the summer sampling more positive bees were found than in spring sampling. Beekeepers were further assessed by the number of hives. Following the analysis of the samples obtained using the PCR method, Nosema ceranae disputes were present in the vast majority of colonies.

The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the influence of mite Varroa destructor on the health of honeybees and the occurrence of viral diseases of bees. The presence of Nosema was also explored. The occurrence of deformed wing virus and acute bee paralysis virus was detected by RT-PCR method. Coprological examination proved the incidence of spore Nosema spp.