Le lien étroit existant entre la masse d'un noyau et son énergie de liaison fait de la masse un observable incontournable pour enrichir notre compréhension de l'évolution de la structure nucléaire dans des régions de la carte des noyaux éloignées de la vallée de la stabilité. Dans cette thèse deux régions présentant d'importants changements structurales sont étudiés à travers des mesures de masses de haute précision effectuées à ISOLDE/CERN avec le spectromètre ISOLTRAP. De nombreux résultats de spectroscopie nucléaire indiquent que la chaîne isotopique du chrome présente les changements structurales les plus importants dans toute la région de déformation nucléaire observée au sud du nickel 68. Cette thèse présente les premières mesures de haute précision des isotopes 58-63Cr grâce à des techniques de spectrométrie de masse de pointe faisant appel à l'utilisation d'un piège de Penning ainsi qu'à un spectromètre en temps de vol de type MRToF-MS. Les mesures ainsi obtenues sont jusqu'à 300 fois plus précises que celles disponibles dans la littérature actuelle. Au contraire des résultats précédents, ces nouvelles mesures suggèrent une évolution progressive de l'état fondamental des chromes vers la déformation aux abords de N=40. La question de la persistance de la fermeture de couche à N=28 dans la chaine de l'argon est aussi abordée dans le cadre de cette thèse de doctorat à travers la mesure des isotopes 46-48 de l'argon. Les résultats d'une précision améliorée confirment la présence d'une forte fermeture de couche à N=28 dans l'argon. Pour chaque jeu de données la procédure d'analyse est détaillée. L'implication pour la physique nucléaire des résultats expérimentaux obtenus sont discutés de manière phénoménologique ainsi qu'à travers des modèles représentant l'état de l'art de la recherche en physique nucléaire théorique. / Due to their inherent relationship with the binding energy, nuclear masses are the fingerprint of all the interactions taking place within the nucleus. As such, precise and accurate mass values are an essential ingredient to the comprehensive understanding of nuclear phenomena in exotic regions of the chart of nuclides. In this thesis, two key regions exhibiting dramatic structural evolution are investigated by means of high precision mass measurements performed with the online mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP at ISOLDE/CERN. Numerous spectroscopy results indicate that the chromium isotopic chain exhibits the most dramatic structural changes within the region situated south of 68Ni. This thesis reports on the first high-precision mass measurements of the neutron-rich 58-63Cr isotopes using the well established Penning trap mass spectrometry technique as well as the MRToF-MS technique pioneered at ISOLTRAP in recent years. The obtained mass values are up to 300 times more precise than the ones currently available in the literature. At odds with previous results, the new mass values exclude a sudden onset of ground-state collectivity rather favouring a smooth transition towards deformation approaching N=40. The question of the persistence of the N=28 shell closure in the Argon chain is also studied in this PhD work through the measurement of the neutron-rich 46-48Ar isotopes. The results of improved precision confirm the presence of a strong N=28 shell closure in the Argon chain. For both datasets, the detailed data analysis procedure will be presented. The implication of the obtained mass values for nuclear structure will be discussed through a phenomenological discussion of the binding energy trend. The results will also be discussed in the light of state of the art nuclear models including results from the promising valence-space formulation of the ab-initio IM-SRG formalism.

Les nombres magiques de nucléons, qui se manifestent par de grandes écarts en énergie dans le modèle en couches sphériques, s'érodent et émergent dans les systèmes nucléaires asymétriques. L'évolution de ce comportement est étudiée dans deux régions sur, et près, des nombres magiques de neutrons N = 20 et N = 28 dans les isotopes de néon et d'aluminium riches en neutrons. La collectivité et la structure des états excités est étudiée par la spectroscopie gamma en-ligne des réactions de knock-out d'un et deux nucléons, et la diffusion inélastique. Les expériences ont eu lieu au RIKEN Nishina Center à Tokyo, Japon. Les rayons gamma prompts ont étés observées dans le détecteur DALI2 et la structure nucléaire des isotopes de néon et d'aluminium riches en neutrons ont étés déduites. Entre outre, les sections-efficaces inclusives et exclusives des états liés induites par le knockout d'un ou deux protons, en combinaison avec les calculs du modèle en couche et la théorie réactionnelle, élargissent les tendances systématiques de la région. Les deux régions riches en neutrons à N = 20 et N = 28 ont été discutés dans les contexte d'un grand îlot de déformation réuni par la chaîne isotopique du magnésium. Ces observations élargissent la cartographie de cette région et contribue à la compréhension des forces motrices derrière sa formation. / Magic numbers of nucleons, which appear as large energy gaps in the spherical nuclear shell model, have been known to erode and emerge in asymmetric nuclear systems. The evolution of this behaviour is studied in two regions at, and near, magic neutron numbers N=20 and N=28 in neutron-rich neon and aluminium nuclei. Collectivity and excited state structure is studied through in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of one- and two-nucleon knockout reactions, and inelastic scattering. Experiments were carried out at the RIKEN Nishina Center in Tokyo, Japan. Prompt gamma-rays were observed in the DALI2 detector and the nuclear structure of neutron-rich neon and aluminium isotopes were deduced. In addition, inclusive and exclusive cross sections to bound states from one- and two-proton knockout reactions, in combination with shell model calculations and reaction theory, extends systematic trends in the region. The two neutron-rich territories of N=20 and N=28 have been discussed as an extended island of deformation, joined-up through the magnesium isotopic chain. These observations enhance the mapping of this region and contribute to understanding the driving forces behind its formation.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18068号 / 理博第3946号 / 新制||理||1568(附属図書館) / 30926 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 延與 佳子, 教授 畑 浩之, 准教授 板垣 直之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

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Neutron-rich rare-earth nuclei around the maximum of collectivity are predicted to exist with an extremely stable intrinsic configuration in their ground-state structure. Due to the high degree of axial symmetry and large deformation, these nuclei are also excellent candidates for having long-lived high-K isomers. The present work concerns a study of the structure of the yrast bands and a search for isomers in the neutron-rich 68Er isotopes. Excited states of 68Er isotopes were populated via multi-nucleon transfer reactions. A 859 MeV 136Xe-beam was used to bombard a 170Er-target. The experimental setup consisted of the high-resolution γ-ray spectrometer AGATA coupled to the heavy-ion magnetic spectrometer PRISMA. The experiment collected 2 TB of useful data corresponding to 3 days of effective beam time. Beam-like fragments were identified by the PRISMA specrometer placed at the grazing angle of 44 degrees. PRISMA allows for Z, A and q identification as well as TOF and velocity vector determination. This is required for the Doppler correction of the emitted γ rays detected in time coincidence with AGATA. A good Z and very clean A separation has been achieved in PRISMA. Making use of two-body kinematics, Doppler corrected γ-ray spectra for target-like fragments were obtained as well. Due to the novel techniques of PSA and γ-ray tracking, AGATA provided high-quality γ-ray spectra for both beam-like xenon and target-like erbium isotopes. Known yrast bands and isomeric states in neutron-rich erbium isotopes were observed. A candidate for the decay of an isomeric state with Eγ=184 keV  in 173Er, which has no previously known excited states, was identified.

Lifetimes of highly excited states in the semi-magic (N=50) nucleus 94Ru were deduced from an analysis of the Doppler broadened transition line shapes. Excited states in 94Ru were populated in the 58Ni(40Ca, 4p)94Ru∗ fusion-evaporation reaction at the Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL) accelerator complex situated in Caen, France. Doppler Shift Attenuation Method (DSAM) lifetime analysis was performed on the Doppler broadened peaks in energy spectra from γ-rays emitted while the residual nuclei were slowing down in a thick 6 mg/cm2 metallic 58Ni target. In total eight excited-state lifetimes in the angular momentum range I = (13 − 20)ħ have been measured, five of which were determined for the first time. The deduced corresponding B(M1) and B(E2) reduced transition strengths are discussed within the framework of large-scale shell model calculations. / Livstider för exciterade tillstånd i den semimagiska (N = 50) atomkärnan 94Ru har uppmätts från en analys av Doppler-breddade övergångslinjer. Exciterade tillstånd i 94Ru har populerats i 58Ni(40Ca, 4p)94Ru∗ fusion-evaporationsreaktioner vid partikelacceleratorn Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL), Caen, Frankrike. Livstidsanalys utfördes med hjälp av Dopplerskiftsattenueringsmetoden (DSAM) på linjer i energispektra uppmätta från gammastrålning som emitterades medan de högt exciterade atomkärnorna bromsades ned i ett homogent metalliskt strålmål av 6 mg/cm2 tjocklek. Mätmetoden har verifierats med hjälp av data från en mätning utförd med en alternativ metod. Livstider för sammanlagt åtta exciterade tillstånd i spinn-intervallet I = (13 − 20)ħ har uppmätts, varav fem bestämdes för första gången. Ur dessa har härletts B(M1) och B(E2) övergångssannolikheter vilka diskuteras inom ramen för storskaliga skalmodellsberäkningar. / <p>QC 20171110</p>

<p> Until now, the nuclear many body problem has been restricted almost entirely to considerations of the two-body force. However the meson theory of nuclear forces predicts that the exchange of mesons between three or more particles will give rise to a three-body or may-body force. The meson theory which has succesfully explained the main features of the phenomenological nucleon-nucleon potential, is expected to provide a good basis for the study of three-body nuclear forces. Three-body nuclcear forces can occur among baryons such as N, ∧, Σ, and Ξ. So far, however only bound states of nucleons(nuclei) and of nucleons and ∧ (hypernuclei) have been observed experimentally. Hence only the three-nucleon force and the ∧NN force are considered. It will be seen that the ∧NN force plays a more important role than the three-nucleon force. Thus in the present work the ANN force will be studied in greater detail than the three-nucleon force. First the long and intermediate range parts of the ∧NN force are derived from meson theory. Their effects on the binding energies of ^H,^5He and nuclear matter are then estimated. Since the short range part of the force is not known, no definite conclusion can be drawn. However it is found that the three-body ∧NN force can play and important role in the nuclear structure problem. The effects of the three-nucleon force in ^3H and in nuclear matter are also briefly discussed. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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