Let K be a quadratic imaginary number field, let Kp^(infinity) the top of its p-class field tower for p an odd prime, and let G=Gal(Kp^(infinity)/K). It is known, due to a tremendous collection of work ranging from the principal results of class field theory to the famous Golod-Shafarevich inequality, that G is finite if the p-rank of the class group of K is 0 or 1, and is infinite if this rank is at least 3. This leaves the rank 2 case as the only remaining unsolved case. In this case, while finiteness is still a mystery, much is still known about G: It is a 2-generated, 2-related pro-p-group equipped with an involution that acts as the inverse modulo commutators, and is of one of three possible Zassenhaus types (defined in the paper). If such a group is finite, we will call it an interesting p-tower group. We further the knowledge on such groups by showing that one particular Zassenhaus type can occur as an interesting p-tower group only if the group has order at least p^24 (Proposition 8.1), and by proving a succinct cohomological condition (Proposition 4.7) for a p-tower group to be infinite. More generally, we prove a Golod-Shafarevich equality (Theorem 5.2), refining the famous Golod-Shafarevich inequality, and obtaining as a corollary a strict strengthening of previous Golod-Shafarevich inequalities (Corollary 5.5). Of interest is that this equality applies not only to finite p-groups but also to p-adic analytic pro-p-groups, a class of groups of particular relevance due to their prominent appearance in the Fontaine-Mazur conjecture. This refined version admits as a consequence that the sizes of the first few modular dimension subgroups of an interesting p-tower group G are completely determined by p and its Zassenhaus type, and we compute these sizes. As another application, we prove a new formula (Corollary 5.3) for the Fp-dimensions of the successive quotients of dimension subgroups of free pro-p-groups.

It is known that almost all numbers are transcendental in the sense of Lebesgue measure. However there is no simple rule to separate transcendental numbers from algebraic numbers. Today research in this direction is about establishing new transcendence criteria for new families of transcendental numbers. By applying a recent refinement of Subspace Theorem, Boris Adamczewski and Yann Bugeaud determined new transcendence criteria for real numbers which we shall present in this thesis. Published only three years ago, their articles explore combinatorial, algorithmic and dynamic approaches in discussing the notion of complexity of both continued fraction and b-adic expansions of a certain class of real numbers. The condition on the expansions are those of being stammering and non-eventually periodic. Taking together these articles give a well-structured picture of the interrelationships between sequence characteristics of expansion (i.e. complexity, periodicity, type of generator) and algebraic characteristics of number itself (i.e. class, transcendency).

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What constitutes an adequate solution to a mathematical problem? When is an adequate solution a 'good' solution? In this thesis I consider these questions in relation to two Diophantine equations, namely, x$ sp2$ + k = y$ sp3$ and 6y$ sp2$ = x(x + 1)(2x + 1). The first dates back to Diophantus himself (c. 250 AD) while the second can be traced to a puzzle proposed by Edouard Lucas in 1875. Each of these equations has attracted a number of solutions and each solution reveals something about its era. An examination and comparison of these solutions will give us an opportunity to reflect on some of the criteria used for judging proofs in mathematics. In particular, we shall see that contemporary computer technology has made a certain kind of solution to these equations acceptable which might have seemed pointless, incomplete or inelegant to the mathematicians who first studied them. Included among these 'computer solutions' is my own solution to 6y$ sp2$ = x(x + 1)(2x + 1).

Let $F$ be a non-Archimedean local field and $G$ be the general linear group $\mathrm{GL}_n$ over $F$. Bushnell and Henniart described the essentially tame local Langlands correspondence of $G(F)$ using rectifiers, which are certain characters defined on tamely ramified elliptic maximal tori of $G(F)$. They obtained such result by studying the automorphic induction character identity. We relate this formula to the spectral transfer character identity, based on the theory of twisted endoscopy of Kottwitz, Langlands, and Shelstad. In this article, we establish the following two main results. (i) To show that the automorphic induction character identity is equal to the spectral transfer character identity when both are normalized by the same Whittaker data. (ii) To express the essentially tame local Langlands correspondence using admissible embeddings constructed by Langlands-Shelstad $\chi$-data and to relate Bushnell-Henniart's rectifiers to certain transfer factors.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2004. / Title from document title page (viewed Jan. 7, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 180p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-178).

Thesis--Copenhagen.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-143).

Thesis--Copenhagen.