A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Family Medicine. Johannesburg 2003 / Residents of a Retirement Village (Rosehaven), in both the frail and the non-frail sections, were the subjects for this study. They were interviewed to determine demographic characteristics and attitude towards sleep and sleep problems. Subjects living in the frail care facility were compared to those living independently. In addition, the chronic use of benzodiazepines, and the perceptions of both the subjects, and the medical and nursing personnel caring for them, was studied. The physical and mental status of subjects currently taking benzodiazepines was compared with those who were not. No significant differences in demographic features, was found between the frail and the non-frail subjects. However, when subjects taking benzodiazepines were compared with those who were not, several interesting differences were determined. Frail subjects were more likely to be taking benzodiazepines. Sleep difficulties, and perception of poor sleep quality was more likely in the benzodiazepine group. Subjects taking benzodiazepines were more likely to be anxious, and to have suffered falls and resulting injuries. The daily functioning of subjects was rated using three well-validated scales: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Mini Mental State Examination, and the Geriatric Depression scale. Those subjects taking benzodiazepines scored significantly worse on all of these scales, independent of frail status (i.e. within both frail and nonfrail groups, subjects taking benzodiazepines scored significantly worse). In spite of the above findings, subjects’ perception of benzodiazepines was positive, and they believed them to be helpful. Nursing staff also perceived benzodiazepines to be beneficial medications. Most of the general practitioners questioned had doubts as to the safety of benzodiazepine use in elderly patients, however they were also generally happy to continue to prescribe them. / IT2018

by Chan Siu Shan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves [111-119]. / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Literature Review and Theoretical Discussion --- p.6 / Chapter I. --- The Debate --- p.6 / Chapter II. --- Management-oriented Perspective of Organizational Research --- p.11 / Chapter III. --- The Implicit Model of Actor: Rational or Behavioristic --- p.20 / Chapter IV. --- Reapproaching From Work and Occupation --- p.23 / Chapter V . --- The Incorporat ion of Occupational Image as A Classification Scheme --- p.27 / Chapter VI. --- The Addition of Social Relation Approach --- p.31 / Chapter Chapter Three --- "Objectives, Hypotheses and Conceptualization of Variables" --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Research Design --- p.50 / Chapter I. --- General Profile of the Research --- p.50 / Chapter A. --- Population --- p.50 / Chapter B. --- Sampling Method --- p.50 / Chapter C. --- Sample Size --- p.51 / Chapter D. --- Method of Data Collection --- p.51 / Chapter E. --- Response Rate and Representativeness of the Resaerch Result --- p.52 / Chapter F. --- Demographic Profile of Respondents --- p.53 / Chapter II. --- Operationalization of Variables --- p.54 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Findings --- p.66 / Chapter I. --- Regression Analysis I: The Comparison Among the Three Approaches --- p.68 / Chapter II. --- Regression Analysis II： Test of Conditional Hypotheses --- p.72 / Chapter Chapter Six --- "Summry, Theoretical Interpretation and Practical Implication" --- p.86 / Chapter I. --- Assertion of the Occupational Image as a Valid Conditional Variable in the Explanation of Organizational Commitment --- p.86 / Chapter II. --- Further Disscussion on the Implication of Organizational Commitment --- p.92 / Chapter III. --- Limitation and Suggestion for Further Study --- p.102 / Chapter Appendix --- The Chinese Version of Questionnaire / Bibliography / Source of Questionnaire

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1961.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1961.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1994.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1994.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan.

Magister Curationis - MCur / Workplace violence is a worldwide issue, yet it remains underreported. Incidences of workplace violence, include, physical violence, verbal abuse, bullying, as well as sexual and racial harassment. Bullying is defined as any type of repetitive abuse, in which victims suffer verbal abuse, threats, humiliation or intimidating behaviours, or behaviours, by perpetrators that interfere with the victims’ job performance and place their health and safety at risk. The prevalence of workplace bullying might be underreported due to the embarrassment that victims have to endure, or because of fear. Research has revealed that, in South Africa, in the public hospitals of Cape Town, despite the end of Apartheid, there are still subtle, but unspoken, tensions between racial groups. It can be assumed that such tensions are likely to escalate in the work environment and lead to workplace bullying. Yet, there is a lack of documented workplace bullying in Cape Town psychiatric hospitals, especially workplace bullying among nursing staff in public hospitals. This study, therefore, investigated workplace bullying at a psychiatric setting in the Western Cape. The researcher used a quantitative research approach and a cross-sectional design to determine the extent to which workplace bullying occur among nursing staff at a Psychiatric Hospital in the Western Cape. Random sampling was used to obtain 119 completed self- administered questionnaires, during 2015. The Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised was slightly adapted; a total of fifty eight (58) questions were sub-divided into three sections. The researcher computed the Cronbach Alpha coefficient to test the reliability and internal validity of the data analysis. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient was 0.87, which was above the accepted cut off of 0.7. Therefore, the reliability and internal validity were confirmed. The reliability was also ensured through the factor analysis, which technique was applied in the data analysis. The data analysis was done with the assistance of a statistician. The study used statistical analysis, which included descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis. The bivariate analysis used descriptive statistics and consequently calculated the frequency, proportion, mean and standard deviation of individual items, in order to describe workplace bullying. To determine the association between the variables, the Kolmogorov-Smirmov test was applied, to test the normality of the two variables, before deciding on the application of either Pearson’s or Spearman’rho’s correlation. To establish the difference in means, the t-test and ANOVA was applied. EXCEL and SPSS 22 software were used as tools. The findings indicated that there was high prevalence of workplace bullying, as 67(56.3%) declared that they were bullied in their workplace, during the previous 12 months, and 44(65.7%) disclosed that they considered the acts as typical incidents of bullying in workplace. The majority of the victims, 43(64.2%) were females and 19 (28.4%) were between 30-39 years old. However, most respondents, 32(47.8%), declared that the bullying incidents were not investigated. Additionally, the researcher identified that there were two types of workplace bullying, namely, personal bullying and administrative-social exclusive bullying, based on the Principal Component Analysis. Age-group, ethnicity, length of stay in nursing career and marital status did not play a role in the exposure of nurses to personal bullying, but gender did. Similar results were found for administrative-social exclusive bullying.

This descriptive study was designed to evaluate what modifications of an existing workload index staffing tool were necessary for practical application in an extended care hospital. Two activity studies were conducted concurrently in a 63 bed extended care unit. The Inroom Activity Study measured the amount and kind of care patients received on each shift. Patients were classified into two categories of nursing care needs - average and above average care. The Indirect Work Sampling Study identified how nursing staff spent their time during their eight hour tour of duty. A random selection of the days of the week and the shift to be observed was undertaken to select times that would be representative of the total week days. The data for the Inroom Activity Study was collected by continuous observations of nursing care given to patients during an eight hour period, and included 10 patients from each category on each shift. The data for the Indirect Care Study was collected by making fifteen minute spot checks on all nursing personnel throughout an eight hour tour of duty. Observations were made throughout 5 day shifts, 5 evening shifts, and 4 night shifts. Four questions were answered in this study. Data analysis of Question 1 revealed that there was a difference in the average amount of direct nursing care time that each category of patient received on days, and the average amount of time each category of patient received on evenings. There was no difference in the average amount of time each category of patient received on nights. Data analysis of Question 2 revealed that there was a direct ratio between the amount of care all patients received on days, the average amount of time all patients received on evenings, and the average amount of time all patients received on nights. Data analysis of Question 3 revealed that weighting factors could be established to determine the amount of care received by each category of patient on each shift. Data analysis of Question 4 showed the percentage of time nursing personnel were able to spend in giving direct patient care during an eight hour shift. The study concludes with consideration of the implications and recommendations for use of the workload index staffing tool, and suggests further research as to refinement of the tool. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate