As nursing is a practice-based profession it is essential that pre-graduate students are socialised in the clinical learning environment from the start of their training. Consequently, clinical accompaniment is regarded as a vital component of nursing training to offer the necessary support to pre-graduate students. This study aimed to evaluate clinical accompaniment of pre graduate students in a specific Nursing Education Institution (NEI) in Gauteng as part of the four year comprehensive programme by means of Appreciative Inquiry (AI). The AI approach focuses on the positive aspects of an organisation and aims to enhance what could and should be valued rather than focusing on the problems. A qualitative, contextual, explorative and descriptive research design was utilised. Data was collected from second-, third- and fourth-year comprehensive programme pre-graduate nursing students in a specific NEI by means of semi-structured self-report interview guide. The data was analysed according to the four objectives of this study, guided by the 4-D cycle of AI, utilizing content analysis and verified by the co-coder. The results were categorized into four main themes. For the first objective, “the best of what is”, nurse educator support, registered nurse support, students’ professional development, and multidisciplinary team members’ support, were themed. The second objective intended to enhance the best of what is by indicating “what could be” the ideal clinical accompaniment. The third objective indicated “what should be” addressed during clinical accompaniment to move towards excellence and enhance the clinical learning experiences of students and the following themes emerged: inadequate support from nurse educators, lack of resources, inadequate support from registered nurses, and disregard for student status. The respondents recommended “what must be” as an action plan to enhance clinical accompaniment based on the findings, and the following themes emerged: nurse educator’s responsibility, registered nurse’s responsibility, and availability of resources for students. / Dissertation (MCur)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Nursing Science / unrestricted

Introduction : La rétroaction sur la performance des personnes étudiantes infirmières lors de l’utilisation de simulateur de patients sur ordinateur contribuerait à l’apprentissage et au développement du raisonnement clinique en supportant la métacognition (Zary et al., 2006). Or à notre connaissance, la forme et le contenu de ce type de rétroaction demeure peu discuté dans les écrits scientifiques. Objectif : Ce projet de recherche comportait trois objectifs. Le premier était de contribuer au développement d’une fonctionnalité de rétroaction dans un simulateur sur écran, le second visait à documenter la perception de son utilité à la suite d’une expérimentation guidée en laboratoire auprès de personnes étudiantes infirmières et, enfin, le troisième objectif visait à décrire l’appréciation générale du simulateur par les personnes participantes. Méthodes : Un devis de recherche descriptif avec méthodes mixtes auprès d’un échantillon de convenance constitué d’étudiantes et étudiants en sciences infirmières d’une université québécoise a été retenu pour cette étude. Le modèle de rétroaction PROMPTED (Rudland et al., 2013) a été retenu pour orienter la conception de la rétroaction dans le simulateur sur écran. L’accès au simulateur s’est fait par un lien web et, par la suite, les personnes participantes devaient compléter un questionnaire web autoadministré pour documenter leur appréciation de la rétroaction fournie pendant la simulation et du simulateur sur écran en soi. De plus, des entrevues ont été réalisées pour enrichir la description de l’utilité perçue de la rétroaction offerte dans le simulateur sur écran. Résultats : La rétroaction intégrée dans le simulateur sur écran selon les principes du modèle PROMPTED a permis de guider et de bien renseigner les étudiantes au cours de l’activité. Les données recueillies suggèrent l’appréciation de l’utilisation de la rétroaction en cours d’activité plutôt que d’avoir seulement un solutionnaire à la fin de l’exercice. Conclusion : En plus d’apporter une plus-value au simulateur sur écran par rapport à ce qui se retrouve sur le marché, ce projet contribue à l’avancement des connaissances sur l’utilité de la présence de rétroaction dans les simulateurs sur écran lors de la formation infirmière. / Abstract : Background: Feedback on nursing students’ performance when using a screen simulator could contribute to the learning and development of clinical reasoning by supporting metacognition (Zary et al., 2006). To our knowledge, the form and content of this type of feedback remains slightly discussed in scientific literature. Objective: This research project had three objectives. The first was to contribute to the development of a feedback functionality in a screen simulator, the second was to document the perception of its usefulness following a laboratory-guided experimentation with nursing students, and finally, the third objective aimed to describe its overall appreciation of the simulator. Methods: A descriptive research design with mixed methods was used with a convenience sample of nursing students of a university in Quebec. The PROMPTED feedback model (Rudland et al., 2013) was chosen to guide the conception of feedback in the screen simulator. Access to the simulator was via a web link and subsequently, the participants had to complete a self-administered web questionnaire of their appreciation of the feedback provided during the simulation as well as the screen simulator per se. In addition, interviews were conducted to enrich the description of the perceived usefulness of the feedback provided in the screen simulator. Results: Feedback integrated into the screen simulator in accordance with the PROMPTED Model has helped to guide and to inform the students during the activity. The data collected suggest the use of reel-time continuous feedback rather than only giving the answers at the end of the exercise. Conclusion: In addition to the value upgrade of the screen simulator compared to what is on the market, this project has contributed to the advancement of knowledge on the usefulness of feedback in screen simulators in nursing education.

Magister Curationis - MCur / The main benefit of simulation in nursing education is the ability to teach clinical skills in a non-threatening, safe environment where mistakes can be rectified without harm to any patient. Therefore, it is clinical facilitators who must display the knowledge and skills to impart to the student nurses during their 4-year programme of study. It is unclear how student nurses at a local nursing college view teaching and learning processes in the simulation laboratory. The purpose of this study is to explore student nurses‟ views of teaching and learning in a simulation laboratory with the purpose of describing guidelines for clinical facilitators to support student nurses in a simulation laboratory at a local College of Nursing in the Western Cape. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was used in order to explore and describe the views of student nurses about teaching and learning in the simulation laboratory. The ECP (Extended Curriculum Programme), 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year students (N = 880), who were registered in the R425 programme at the College of Nursing in the Western Cape, had been identified as the accessible student population of this study. A purposive opportunistic sampling population was applied. Two focus groups (20 participants) per year of study were conducted. The size of each focus group was at least 10 participants. The focus group interviews lasted around 60 minutes per group. Data gathering was conducted by the researcher who initiated, prompted, and facilitated these focus groups. For the purpose of data triangulation, voice recordings of the interviews were supported by the taking of field notes. Open coding had been used for data analysis. The credibility of the coding was checked and confirmed by an independent coder. Trustworthiness was maintained, since credibility was ensured by means of prolonged engagement in the field until data saturation occurred, referential adequacy, and member checks that followed. Dependability was ensured by establishing an audit trail. Ethical considerations were ensured by obtaining written, informed consent from participants of the study, as well as for the voice recording of the discussions. Participants could withdraw at any stage of the study. Confidentiality was explained and the researcher requested that participants do not share the information after the group discussions. In this study, student nurses experienced both opportunities and challenges with the teaching and learning in the simulation laboratory. Furthermore, the contextual demands between the first and subsequent years of study seemed to play an essential part in their experience.

This study examined differences in cultural competency levels between undergraduate and graduate nursing students (age, ethnicity, gender, language at home, education level, program standing, program track, diversity encounters, and previous diversity training). Participants were 83% women, aged 20 to 62; 50% Hispanic/Latino; with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (n = 82) and a Master of Science in Nursing (n = 62). Degrees included high school diplomas, associate/diplomas, bachelors’ degrees in or out of nursing, and medical doctorate degrees from outside the United States. Students spoke English (n = 82) or Spanish (n = 54). The study used a cross-sectional design guided by the three-dimensional cultural competency model. The Cultural Competency Assessment (CCA) tool is composed of two subscales: Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity (CAS) and Culturally Competent Behaviors (CCB). Multiple regressions, Pearson’s correlations, and ANOVAs determined relationships and differences among undergraduate and graduate students. Findings showed significant differences between undergraduate and graduate nursing students in CAS, p <.016. Students of Hispanic/White/European ethnicity scored higher on the CAS, while White/non-Hispanic students scored lower on the CAS, p < .05. One-way ANOVAs revealed cultural competency differences by program standing (grade-point averages), and by program tracks, between Master of Science in Nursing Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioners and both Traditional Bachelor of Science in Nursing and Registered Nurse-Bachelor of Science in Nursing. Univariate analysis revealed that higher cultural competency was associated with having previous diversity training and participation in diversity training as continuing education. After controlling for all predictors, multiple regression analysis found program level, program standing, and diversity training explained a significant amount of variance in overall cultural competency (p = .027; R2 = .18). Continuing education is crucial in achieving students’ cultural competency. Previous diversity training, graduate education, and higher grade-point average were correlated with higher cultural competency levels. However, increased diversity encounters were not associated with higher cultural competency levels.

Depuis les années 90, le Canada utilise des manuels américains traduits et adaptés pour la formation initiale en VIH/sida. Pourtant, à la lumière des écrits, nous savons qu’il existe un écart entre la formation en sciences infirmières et les compétences requises pour prodiguer des soins aux personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH). Consciente de ces lacunes de la formation en VIH/sida et qui, à ce jour, n’ont pas été explorées dans le matériel pédagogique, cette étude met en relief les représentations du VIH, de la PVVIH et des soins et explore les effets de ces représentations tout en proposant des pistes de recommandations. Un devis de recherche qualitatif, de type descriptif, convenait aux objectifs de cette étude. Étant donné la nature de la problématique et des objectifs, une analyse qualitative de contenu était appropriée et privilégiée pour orienter ce projet. La collecte des données s’est déroulée en automne 2015, par l’analyse de 18 manuels scolaires de médecine-chirurgie, utilisés dans la formation initiale. En résumé, les résultats de cette étude ont mis en lumière les représentations du VIH, des PVVIH et des soins qui sont transmises par les manuels scolaires et ont permis d’exposer le type de connaissances, d’attitudes potentielles et éventuelles et de soins qu’engendrent ces sources textuelles. Par l’entremise de ce projet de recherche, il a été possible de proposer des pistes de solutions afin de pallier aux lacunes des manuels scolaires et améliorer le contenu de ces textes en accordant une attention particulière aux connaissances, attitudes et soins que ce contenu peut produire.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-07-07T19:39:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Fabio Espadaro.pdf: 1789028 bytes, checksum: 6e8c7e83e176e23c8a006b46c7c53bca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-07T19:39:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Fabio Espadaro.pdf: 1789028 bytes, checksum: 6e8c7e83e176e23c8a006b46c7c53bca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-03 / The present study, titled Realistic Simulation in Nursing Training: teachers and students perception ", aimed at the perception of teachers and students about the efficacy of Realistic Simulation in nursing learning. The problem that stimulated this research was based on the following question: Does Realistic Simulation, as a method of teaching and learning in nursing, facilitate the work of teachers and students, especially in learning? In the search for an answer to this question, the research work began with the survey of theories of significant learning for adults and, in this universe, Paulo Freire was found as a theoretical reference for the research. The category of analysis chosen, in the Freirian legacy, to verify this model of learning was the "dialogue". Referring to methods and procedures, a bibliographical research was carried out to collect dialogue, teaching in nursing and Realistic Simulation. A qualitative and quantitative descriptive and exploratory field research was also carried out, building a profile of students and teachers, opinion research and semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that the majority of students and teachers understand that Realistic Simulation is a methodology that influences the quality of nursing learning, especially with respect to a consolidated training in safety and efficiency standards. / O presente estudo, intitulado Simulação Realística na Formação em Enfermagem: percepção de docentes e discentes”, teve como objeto a percepção de docentes e discentes sobre a eficácia da Simulação Realística na aprendizagem em enfermagem. A problemática que estimulou esta pesquisa partiu da seguinte questão: A Simulação Realística, como método de ensino e de aprendizagem em enfermagem, facilita o trabalho de docentes e de discentes, mormente o do aprendizado? Na busca de resposta para esta questão, iniciou-se o trabalho de investigação com o levantamento de teorias da aprendizagem significativa para adultos e, nesse universo, encontrou-se Paulo Freire como um referencial teórico para a pesquisa. A categoria de análise escolhida, no legado freiriano, para verificar esse modelo de aprendizagem foi o “diálogo”. Referentemente aos métodos e procedimentos, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica para levantamento de diálogo, ensino em enfermagem e Simulação Realística. Também foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo de caráter quali-quantitativo, descritiva e exploratória, construindo perfil de alunos e docentes, pesquisa de opinião e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos alunos e docentes entendem que a Simulação Realística é uma metodologia que influencia na qualidade da aprendizagem em enfermagem, especialmente no que diz respeito a uma formação consolidada em padrões de segurança e eficiência.

This study aims to increase the level of knowledge about the gerontological knowledge of a sample of registered nurses by creating a portable and concise continuing education seminar that is based upon the fundamental components of the normal aging process. The impact on the learning outcomes of an accredited continuing education seminar that was developed for this study was analyzed. The continuing education seminar focused on some of the major areas of social gerontology pertinent to nursing. Although other variables (age, gender, educational level, and previous gerontological training) were analyzed, none were found to have significant effect on the level of knowledge.

Purpose To understand the factors that influence nursing students’ use of evidence-based pain management guidelines in their clinical placements. Methods/Design Guided by educational and knowledge translation theory, multiple approaches were used: 1. A scoping review of the literature to identify and describe educational strategies to promote evidence-based practice (EBP) by nursing students in the clinical setting, along with associated barriers and facilitators from the literature. 2. A process to develop indicators of the use of pain guidelines in clinical practice. 3. A descriptive case study to determine the gap between evidence-based guideline recommendations and actual practice and to understand the clinical and educational contextual factors that influence nursing students’ use of pain management practice guidelines. Findings The scoping review identified 37 papers in total, 14 descriptive and 23 evaluation studies. Commonly identified barriers were lack of EBP knowledge and skills and lack of support in the clinical setting. EBP projects were the most frequently evaluated educational interventions, alone, or in combination with workshops or journal clubs. During the indicator development process, eleven guidelines were reviewed for quality, resulting in three quality guidelines. From these three guidelines, 12 recommendations were extracted. Quality indicators were then identified by a consensus process, resulting in 24 discrete indicators for the chart audit. For the descriptive case study, fifty-four charts were audited, and interviews were conducted with nine students, seven nurses, one professor, and one clinical instructor. Multiple documents were reviewed, and a site visit was conducted. There are gaps between pain guideline recommendations and practice in the clinical setting. Examples of barriers include the perception that guidelines are not applicable for the clinical setting, lack of knowledge regarding guidelines and an emphasis on task completion in the clinical setting. Facilitators included access to resources, curriculum changes, and the integration of guidelines in policies and procedures. These findings can inform the development, implementation and evaluation of evidence based educational strategies that take into account the multiple actors that impact nursing students’ experience, namely, in-class professors, clinical instructors, and staff nurses. Future education and research approaches should be rooted in knowledge translation and education theory.

Colorectal rectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common cancer in men, the 2nd most common cancer in women, and the 4th leading cause of cancer death. Lack of screening or delayed screening for CRC is the major cause of undiagnosed cancers that become malignant and eventually become fatal. Nurses at the project site are not in compliance with CRC screening guidelines due to inadequate knowledge of the screening guidelines recommended by the American Cancer Society, which creates a gap in practice. The purpose of this project was to develop staff education on CRC screening guidelines. The practice focused question addressed if evidence-based education regarding CRC screening could be an effective means for nurse education, according to a panel of local experts. A pre-test evaluation of knowledge regarding CRC screening was administered to nursing staff from the site. The John Hopkins evidence-based practice model guided the development of the staff education program, using the results of the pre-test, evidence-based practice literature and guidelines. The project team, consisting of a physician and medical support staff, evaluated the education program, plan for delivery, and plan for evaluation of learning through an anonymous Likert-style evaluation survey. The 3 team members also completed program evaluation surveys, and 100% agreed or strongly agreed that the program objectives were met. The project was limited to planning only and the education program materials, along with plans for later implementation and evaluation of learning through pre- and post-tests, were handed over to the project site for delivery at a later date. The CRC screening education will become part of the yearly staff competencies, leading to appropriate screening of the site’s patient population. This education project has the potential to promote positive social change by saving lives and improving the quality of those lives.

Patients with cancer who receive bone marrow transplants (BMT) are at increased risk for central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSI), a serious complication leading to increased costs, length of stay, and even death. Recognition of an increased CLABSI rate at one BMT unit in the southwestern United States prompted development of an evidence-based staff development education program to improve nurses’ knowledge of central line maintenance and CLABSI prevention practices. Guided by Lewin change theory, the program was developed based on a nurse-led analysis and synthesis of the evidence, and a formative evaluation of the educational program conducted by a 3-member expert panel made up of the BMT director, a BMT clinical nurse specialist and vascular access team member. The review confirmed the lack of standardized evidence-based guidelines for central venous catheter care, that any patient who has a central line is at risk for CLABSI, and BMT patients are at particular risk due to frequency of catheter manipulation. Findings reinforced the need for the recommendations to educate nurses in BMT settings on evidence-based central line practices, evaluate knowledge gained, and audit practice techniques post education. The social change implication of this DNP project will be the potential decrease in healthcare costs, length of stay, and mortality associated with central line infections when nursing staff are provided an educational program that aims to improve their knowledge and skills of evidence-based central line care and CLABSI prevention practices.