Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1940.

Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1940.

<p> The purpose of this directed project is to develop a user-friendly information booklet for patients in the first year post Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). The goal of the booklet is to improve the quality of life of patients post-surgery by providing the progression of an eating pattern in the first year post-op and tips for achieving healthy weight loss. An expert review evaluation was conducted. Four experts in nutrition and/or bariatrics completed the evaluation. Opinion scores were determined using a 5-point Likert scale. Overall, the expert committee tended to agree with the evaluation items and offered suggestions for improvement to indicate the information booklet content as appropriate and the layout conducive to the target audience. In the future, to further evaluate the efficacy of the information booklet, a qualitative evaluation may be conducted on post RYGB patients using the information booklet to determine its ease of use and effect on dietary changes.</p>

No description available.

<p> <b>Purpose:</b> The purpose of this project was to educate wound care patients from a rural wound care clinic about the importance of diet in healing chronic wounds. The aim of this Doctor of Nursing Practice project was to increase the patients&rsquo; knowledge of nutrition and its role in wound healing. </p><p> <b>Background:</b> Wounds become chronic if after three months the wounds fail to undergo appropriate systematic repair to produce purposeful reparations of the body tissues. Chronic wound patients constitute about 15% of the United States Medicare patients. Chronic wound conditions affect the quality of life of patients and take about $20 billion yearly from the national economy. The healing of wounds is the response of the natural body to an injury to restore the structure and function of the human body. The three primary essentials of wound healing are pressure relief and nursing care; dressings; and nutrition. Nutrition is essential in wound healing with macronutrients and micronutrients playing important roles in wound healing. The role of protein in the provision of the necessary components for tissue growth, cell repair and renewal make protein an essential component in all phases of wound healing. </p><p> As hospitals and healthcare professionals are considered the primary source of patient education for chronic wound management, it becomes necessary for hospitals to re-evaluate their patient education with emphasis on education delivery methods. In this project, the shift in emphasis was facilitated by the available information that identified Just-in-Time education method as an effective and efficient patient information delivery model. Adopting a Just-in-Time education model will promote the delivery of wound healing information to patients and also emphasize the importance of nutrition to wound healing. The project sought to determine whether using the Just-In-Time Teaching would help increase patient&rsquo;s understanding of the importance of nutrition to chronic wound healing. The project used pretests and posttests to collect data from 13 chronic patients with chronic wounds in a rural hospital wound care center. The educational intervention was presented in PowerPoint. Results of the analysis show that the patients&rsquo; knowledge of the importance of nutrition to wound healing increased following the educational intervention. </p><p> <b>Method:</b> Patients 30- to 75-years old who have had a chronic wound for more than three months were invited to participate. The Model for Improvement guided this project in delivering the education and evaluating improvement in the nutrition knowledge of the participants using a pretest, educational presentation, and post-test design. The evidence-based educational intervention was created by the student in collaboration with providers at the site. </p><p> <b>Outcomes Achieved:</b> Data collection was conducted in one week and analyzed with Qualtrics. The analysis showed that there was an increase in the patients' knowledge of the role of nutrition in chronic wound healing as shown in the attached graph and tables. </p><p> <b>Conclusion:</b> The week-long implementation was successful in increasing nutritional knowledge among the participants. The result of this project provided some significant new information about the importance of education to patients with chronic wounds.</p><p>

No description available.

<p>Meal patterns in the NSLP have recently been updated. Research is limited on school staffs' perception of change in fruit and vegetable intake for students participating in the NSLP after implementation of the regulation. Identifying factors that affect intake of fruits and vegetables after implementation can help determine strategies to increase fruit and vegetable intake of students participating in the NSLP. Interviews were conducted with school staff (<i> n</i> = 4) in the Covina-Valley Unified School District to investigate perceived factors that impact consumption and changes in waste. Data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for themes. Reported factors affecting intake included the school's approach, peer influence, and offering condiments. In addition, the amount of time students are given to eat lunch was identified as a potential factor, given that fact that the regulation requires students to take a fruit or vegetable, as these foods were perceived to take longer to consume. </p>

The pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) from Amazon basin is currently the largest farmed fish species and its production is increasing rapidly in Brazil. However, there is a concern about bacterial disease outbreaks and resulting mortalities in pirarucu farms. The use of probiotic bacteria as prophylactic method is recognized as beneficial practice to enhance fish production. The aim of this thesis was to isolate autochthonous probiotic strains from the pirarucu intestine, characterize their potential probiotic characteristics in vitro, and perform in vivo colonization and growth experiments. To this end, the intestinal microbial community of A. gigas was assessed at two different growth stages using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) analysis. Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla. At genus level Bradyrhizobium and Cetobacterium were the most abundant in adult and juvenile fish, respectively. In a further trial two isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB): Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Enterococcus faecium, showed in vitro suitability as probiotics. Two potential pathogens: Citrobacter freundii and Pseudomonas sp., were also isolated and their pathogenicity assessed. Subsequently, an in vivo experiment was performed to assess the potencial of LAB strains to colonise and modulate the gut microbiome of pirarucu after 21 days of feeding. The results showed a high abundance of Cetobacterium in all treatments. Additionally, both probiotic treatments decreased the levels of Clostridiales in pirarucu intestine and showed adherence to the fish mucosal tissue. Finally, a growth experiment was performed to assess the ability of to the candidate probiotics to improve growth parameters after 42 days of feeding. HTS confirmed that Cetobacterium was the most abundant genus in all treatments. Fish fed with L. lactis subsp. lactis presented higher percentage of increase (%I) of weight, specific growth rate (SGR), and monocytes in blood. The strain E. faecium interacted with the microbial gut community and was able to populate the mucosal tissue. In conclusion, both LAB strains presented probiotic characteristics and should be considered as probiotics in A. gigas farming. These probiotics could contribute to a reduction in antibiotics use in pirarucu farms, thus, adding value to the species as a sustainable aquaculture product.

The hypothesis of the research was that a dental health-related, client-administered, computerized nutritional assessment and individualized education program would be appropriate, feasible, and effective in a dental client setting. Two surveys of dental facilities in Western Massachusetts and Portland, Oregon were conducted to establish a need for nutritional assessment and education in dental practices, to define an appropriate time allowance for on-site nutritional education programs, and to identify the target population for such a program. A 10-20 minute time allowance was subsequently set for the proposed program which was targeted at English-speaking adult dental clients with diverse educational backgrounds. A FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire) was chosen as the method of choice to rapidly assess dietary intake of the nutrients of concern in dental health. An abbreviated 38-item Dental Food Frequency Questionnaire was adapted from the FFQ component of the Health Habits and History Questionnaire developed by Block et al at the National Cancer Institute. The dietary assessment was supplemented by questions designed to assess intake of foods associated with development of plaque and cariogenicity. A brief educational presentation was designed to address the same dietary issues. HyperCard$\circler$ software was used to adapt the assessment and educational components to the Macintosh$\circler$ computer. Strategies were employed to make the prototype rapidly functioning, visually appealing, and simple for non-computer-literate persons to operate. The final prototype utilized 426 Kbytes of memory. The prototype was field tested with 20 clients in an urban dental practice. The program was easily operable by clients and required from about 10 to 25 minutes to complete the assessment. A pre- and post-knowledge test indicated that the educational component impacted client knowledge positively in the short term.

<p> Targeted nutrition therapy aimed at reducing inflammation through diet is highly underutilized in the standard treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Therefore, the purpose of this directed project was to develop a nutrition curriculum for patients diagnosed with IBD. Specifically, the curriculum consists of five 30-minute PowerPoint presentations with corresponding lesson plans and topic-specific activities and provides specific nutrition recommendations for reducing inflammation and maintaining remission of IBD. </p><p> An expert panel comprised of two registered dietitians and a patient with IBD reviewed the curriculum using the Formative Evaluation Survey. Overall, average scores from the survey were positive, indicating that the curriculum is appropriate and provides valuable information for the intended audience. For future evaluation of this curriculum&rsquo;s efficacy, a research project may be conducted that analyzes the effect of the curriculum nutrition recommendations on class participants&rsquo; disease status following implementation.</p>