Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Our society increasingly relies on the use of computers to perform various tasks. The high rate of use of such equipment causes the increase in electricity consumption. To meet the growing demand for energy, there are two possible solutions. The first solution is to increase production, which is a difficult task because of the need to build new sources of energy. The second solution is to promote more efficient use of energy, so that the demand for computing power can be met without increasing the power consumption. That means optimizing the energy performance of electronic devices of the computational systems in this case. The systems of high performance (computer clusters and grids) are excellent targets for optimizing the energy consumption, since they consume large amount of electricity. Therefore, this paper presents a study on the energy consumption in computer clusters through the use of the OAR framework (Optimal Allocation of Resources). The study aims to measure the electricity consumed in various settings of computer clusters. In terms of computational resources available, the measurement will help to answer important questions concerning to the management of electrical energy, such as: what is the best setting to save energy and how much energy can be saved. / Nossa sociedade apoia-se cada vez mais na utilização de computadores para a realização de diversas tarefas. A elevada taxa de utilização desses equipamentos ocasiona o aumento do consumo de energia elétrica. Para atender a demanda crescente de energia, existem duas soluções possíveis. A primeira solução é aumentar a produção, o que é uma tarefa difícil devido a necessidade de construção de novas fontes geradoras de energia. A segunda solução é promover o uso mais eficiente da energia, de modo que a demanda por poder computacional possa ser atendida sem ampliar o consumo de energia elétrica. Isso significa otimizar o desempenho energético dos aparelhos eletrônicos, neste caso, dos sistemas computacionais. Os sistemas de alto desempenho (aglomerados de computadores e grades computacionais) são excelentes alvos para a otimização do consumo de energético, já que consomem grande quantidade de energia elétrica. Diante disso, este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o consumo de energia elétrica em aglomerados de computadores através do uso do framework OAR (Optimal Allocation of Resources). O estudo visa medir a energia elétrica consumida em várias configurações de utilização dos aglomerados. Em nível dos recursos computacionais disponíveis, a medição ajudará a responder questões importantes relativas a gerência de energia elétrica, tais como: qual é a melhor configuração para se economizar energia e quanta energia pode ser poupada.

In Old West Norse there is mention of an Arctic skin and osier boat, which was paddled with Old West Norse (húð)keipr, diminutive keipull, formed on Germanic *kaip- ’bend, unfold’ according to the construction method. In East Norse there was a corresponding wooden boat, e.g. Swedish själ-myndrick, formed on mynda verb ‘paddle’ (&lt; Primitive Norse *mundian ‘aim at a certain goal, take aim’). In the provinces south of this verb’s area of distribution there occurs instead svepa verb ’paddle’ (&lt; Primitive Germanic *swaipōn ‘swing’). The earliest instances of Nordic rowing navigation are found in Norway and Denmark. Instances of rowing in the Baltic area are found on some picture stones from about the 6th century. But oarlocks with a grommet were probably used already for the steering oar in the paddled boats of the Bronze Age. An early oarlock (with a grommet) is that made of a goose-necked piece of wood, Old Swedish hār, Old West Norse hár (&lt; *hanhu-, *hanha- ‘branching, fork of a branch’) and Old West Norse keipr (&lt; *kaip- ‘something with a crooked or bent (-back) shape’. The word hár exists as a first element in Old Swedish hā-band ‘oar-loop’, Old West Norse há-bora ‘oar-port’ etc. Old West Norse keipr ‘oarlock’ has no ancient compounds. East Nordic hamna (&gt; Finnish hamina), Old Danish hafnæ (Old Frisian hevene) and West Nordic hamla (Faroese homla, Old English hamele, hamule) ‘oar-loop’ occurred early on the oarlock with a grommet; hamna may be a derivation of the stem in Primitive Norse *haƀan verb ‘hold (fast)’, alternatively *hafna- ‘clasp something’; hamla derives from a Germanic *hamilōn with the meaning ‘bridling band’. Centrally in the Nordic area hamna (Danish havne) and hamla ‘oar-loop’ were also used denominatively with the meaning ‘row pushing in a hamna/hamla (oar-loop)’. In addition there is the Swedish dialectal sväva (~ sveva, svävja) ‘row (back, break etc.) with pushing rowing’ and in the group of older verbs for rowing there is East Swedish hopa &lt; Primitive Norse *hōƀian ‘fix one’s eyes upon a certain goal (in the distance)’. With word formations on Germanic *þulna- ‘wooden plug’ there arose from the Middle Ages and in the North Sea countries a new terminology for the oarlock: Norse tull, toll ‘oarlock with a thole pin’. Even younger concepts are tullgång ‘oarlock with two thole pins’, årklyka, årgaffel ‘oar crutch’. A distinctive trait of Old Swedish hār and hamna, Old West Norse hár and hamla and keipr and other common words for the oarlock is in these words the shift of meaning ‘oarlock of a specific kind’ &gt; ‘almost any kind of oarlock’. Finally, the question arises whether or not the word svear of a tribe by Lake Mälaren could be tied to the paddling through a connection to the stem of the verbs svepa and sväva. / <p>Ingår även i serie: Studier till en svensk dialektgeografisk atlas, 8</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T14:49:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivitital.pdf: 3172145 bytes, checksum: b8b0b3bbeec0433a494e4a4f75a1627c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Reputation is a construct of diffuse understanding and little consensus. Measuring third sector organizations reputation has been undertaken through the adaptation of instruments designed initially to measure companies reputation. However, not all attributes of reputation are similar for these two types of organizations, especially when the measurement scale is directed to the general public. Thus this paper begins with the following question: how to measure the construct reputation for nonprofit organizations? Such questions will be elucidated through the process of building a scale to measure the construct, thereby configuring the general objective of this dissertation. The method followed in the process of building the OTSs reputation scale is related to the C-OAR-SE model, which was proposed by Rossiter (2002). The scale itself, created in the penultimate step of the model, but idealized in the previous steps, underwent the procedure to test and retest with students of administration at UFPB, and was later tested with a specific organization: Cidade Viva Foundation. The attributes of reputation selected to be in the scale were: reputation, reliability, competence, popular acceptance, internal organization, demand for services, improving the lives of the beneficiaries, environmental concern and importance to society. These attributes must be correlated with the item that measures the level of reputation of the organization that is perceived by users of the scale (the general public), analyzing the correlation coefficients of Spearman. In addition to the items of the scale itself, other items were designed to assess the trustworthiness seeking the perceptions of respondents as well as their feelings and attitudes, but which constitute complements of the scale developed and tested here. / Reputação é um construto de entendimento difuso e de pouco consenso. A mensuração da reputação das organizações do terceiro setor (OTSs) tem sido empreendida por meio da adaptação de instrumentos destinados inicialmente à medição da reputação de empresas. No entanto, nem todos os atributos da reputação são semelhantes para esses dois tipos de organizações, sobretudo quando a escala de mensuração é direcionada ao público em geral. Dessa forma, inicia-se o presente trabalho com o seguinte questionamento: como medir o construto reputação de organizações do terceiro setor? Tal questionamento será elucidado ao longo do processo de construção de uma escala para medir tal construto, o que se configura no objetivo geral da presente dissertação. O método seguido no processo de construção da escala de reputação de OTSs está relacionado ao modelo C-OAR-SE, que foi proposto por Rossiter (2002). A escala em si, criada no penúltimo passo do modelo, mas idealizada nos passos anteriores, foi submetida ao procedimento de teste e reteste com alunos do curso de administração da UFPB, e posteriormente foi testada com uma organização específica: a Fundação Cidade Viva. Os atributos da reputação submetidos a teste e que permaneceram na escala foram: fama, confiabilidade, competência, aceitação popular, organização interna, demanda pelos serviços, melhoria de vida dos beneficiados, preocupação ambiental e importância para a sociedade. Esses atributos devem ser correlacionados com o item que mede o nível de reputação da organização que é percebido pelos usuários da escala (o público em geral), analisando-se os coeficientes de correlação rho de Spearman. Além dos itens da escala em si, foram idealizados outros itens que procuram aferir a fidedignidade das percepções dos respondentes, bem como os seus sentimentos e atitudes, mas que se constituem como complementos da escala aqui desenvolvida e testada.

The focus of this research is on the development of ontology and on a more effective way to measure corporate reputation that takes into consideration the orientations of a company’s various stakeholders. The focus by researchers and by practitioners on corporate reputation and on its management attests to an expanding interest. Yet there remains disparate knowledge about how corporate reputation should be defined; about what are its key components; about the relationships between those components and about how corporate reputation should be measured. This point to a need for clarification: to develop a methodology based on ontology of corporate reputation that has relevance for a company’s various stakeholder groups. This research builds on a review of the academic literature and employs text analysis, the nominal group technique and a quantitative survey among stakeholders about the reputation of a high profile company. Theory-driven analysis provides insights into the corporate reputation construct and into a tool for measurement that takes into consideration stakeholder perceptions of a company’s reputation. The results of the study indicate that, in the eyes of its stakeholders, a company’s reputation is driven by nine factors: image, identity, management leadership, performance, corporate brand, products and services, financial performance, ethical management and leadership, and corporate leadership. Not all nine components share the same degree of relevance for stakeholders: different stakeholder groups rank the importance of the components of corporate reputation differently; they evaluate the reputation of the same company differently. The drivers of stakeholders’ overall evaluations of a company’s reputation vary by stakeholder segment. Stakeholder groups are seen to display the characteristics of segments.

The focus of this research is on the development of ontology and on a more effective way to measure corporate reputation that takes into consideration the orientations of a company’s various stakeholders. The focus by researchers and by practitioners on corporate reputation and on its management attests to an expanding interest. Yet there remains disparate knowledge about how corporate reputation should be defined; about what are its key components; about the relationships between those components and about how corporate reputation should be measured. This point to a need for clarification: to develop a methodology based on ontology of corporate reputation that has relevance for a company’s various stakeholder groups. This research builds on a review of the academic literature and employs text analysis, the nominal group technique and a quantitative survey among stakeholders about the reputation of a high profile company. Theory-driven analysis provides insights into the corporate reputation construct and into a tool for measurement that takes into consideration stakeholder perceptions of a company’s reputation. The results of the study indicate that, in the eyes of its stakeholders, a company’s reputation is driven by nine factors: image, identity, management leadership, performance, corporate brand, products and services, financial performance, ethical management and leadership, and corporate leadership. Not all nine components share the same degree of relevance for stakeholders: different stakeholder groups rank the importance of the components of corporate reputation differently; they evaluate the reputation of the same company differently. The drivers of stakeholders’ overall evaluations of a company’s reputation vary by stakeholder segment. Stakeholder groups are seen to display the characteristics of segments.

Ce travail avait pour objectif i) d’analyser les caractéristiques physiologiques et musculaires(déterminées d’après des biopsies) de rameurs poids légers entraînés, ii) de proposer une méthode de153calcul pour estimer de façon non-invasive la quantité de lactate accumulé dans l’organisme (QTLS) au cours d’un exercice épuisant sur ergomètre aviron d’après la modélisation de la cinétique lactique pendant la récupération et iii) d’explorer l’influence des caractéristiques musculaires, et de l’aptitude à échanger et à éliminer le lactate sur la capacité anaérobie des rameurs appréciée par la mesure du déficit maximal d’O2 cumulé (DMOC).Premièrement, les rameurs étudiés possédaient un rapport masse musculaire - masse corporelle élevé et leurs paramètres physiologiques et musculaires étaient caractéristiques des athlètes spécialisées en endurance.Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons démontré que QTLS était corrélé positivement à DMOC.Cette relation supporte notre hypothèse et confirme la cohérence de la méthode proposée pour calculer QTLS.Dans une dernière étude, les résultats ont démontré que DMOC était corrélée positivement à l’aptitude à éliminer le lactate. Cette dernière était également significativement corrélée à la densité capillaire et au contenu musculaire en MCT4, une protéine impliquée dans le cotransport lactate-proton à travers le sarcolemme. / The aim of this work was i) to analyse physiological and muscle characteristics (determinedfrom muscle biopsies) in trained lightweight oarsmen, ii) to propose a non-invasive method to estimatelactate accumulation in the organism (QTLS) using the blood lactate recovery kinetics in response to anall-out exercise on rowing ergometer and iii) to explore the influence of muscle characteristics andlactate exchange and removal abilities on the anaerobic capacity of our subjects determined from themeasurement of the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD).Firstly, the studied oarsmen displayed an elevated muscle - body mass ratio and their muscleand physiological characteristics were typical of those of elite endurance athletes.Secondly, we showed that QTLS was positively correlated with MAOD. This relationshipsupports our hypothesis and reinforces the interest of our method to estimate QTLS.Finally, the results demonstrated that MAOD was positively correlated with the lactate removalability. This latter was also positively correlated with the capillary density and the muscle content ofMCT4, a protein involved in the cotransport of lactate and proton across the sarcolemma

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / The Air Force SEEK EAGLE Office (AFSEO) was chartered by the Secretary of the Air Force in December 1987. The mission of the AFSEO is to provide the United States Air Force increased combat capability through central management of the aircraft-stores certification process and provide in-house engineering and operations research capabilities. Additionally, the AFSEO is required to ensure the future viability of the aircraft-stores organic in-house capability with the insertion of evolving technologies. To accomplish this mission, the AFSEO employs all phases of the test process; from Digital Model and Simulation (DMS) to Open Air Range (OAR) flight tests. The AFSEO desires to prepare for the future DoD environment, and minimize the cost of developing its products that require advanced sensors and telemetry capability. For a number of years, a mainstay in the process has been instrumented aircraft. These aircraft were specially instrumented to support the mission of AFSEO. Similarly, stores were instrumented to obtain environmental data such as loads and vibration. With the rising cost of instrumentation and the national DoD trend to reduce the cost of development and maintenance of instrumentation, a new method will need to be found. Several advanced concepts in ground and airborne instrumentation at Eglin AFB are needed to support the mission of the AFSEO. These include a new generation of telemetry devices, sensors, and data acquisition components to provide rapid and cost effective instrumentation of test aircraft, stores, and suspension equipment. The new generation telemetry will provide integrated circuitry with “peel and stick” subminiature telemetry sensors. These telemetry sensors will provide flutter and structural loads data for aircraft-stores combinations. In conjunction with the telemetry sensors, advanced aircraft platform instrumentation will be needed to match precision flight mechanics to the spatial telemetry measurements for stress, strain, and dynamic activity of stores.