Remyelination describes the regeneration of myelin sheaths, and is considered one of the most promising strategies for improving the prognosis of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Data from animal models and human studies have shown that remyelination can occur extensively in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to functional recovery and axonal protection. However, remyelination does not always proceed to completion, and its failure is associated with progressive neurological disability. Thus, there is clinical need for interventions that can optimise the conditions for remyelination. Recent advances in genomics and animal husbandry have kindled an interest in the microbiome as a means to influence processes throughout the body. Our commensal microbes communicate with host cells at epithelial barriers, stimulate neural and endocrine axes and directly produce a plethora of long-range signalling molecules. Critically, the development and maintenance of the immune system depend on signals from the microbiota, and we know that a well-coordinated immune response is a key determinant of the success of remyelination. This thesis explores how the microbiome can influence CNS remyelination. To do so, I have studied remyelination in three murine models of microbiome alteration. Firstly, long-term oral administration of an antibiotic cocktail was used to deplete the microbiota of adult mice. Following focal demyelination, these mice had deficits in their inflammatory response, clearance of myelin debris and differentiation of new oligodendrocytes from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Faecal microbial transplant was able to rescue aspects of the inflammatory response and phagocytosis, but not OPC differentiation. Secondly, I looked at remyelination in germ-free (GF) mice following cuprizone-induced demyelina- tion. As with the antibiotics-treated mice, there were deficits in inflammation following demyelination, which tended to peak later than in control mice. Finally, I investigated the potential of a therapeutic probiotic (VSL#3) to improve remyelination in aged mice. In contrast to antibiotic treatment, probiotic administration caused a slight enhancement in the onset of inflammation following focal demyelination. However, there was no significant improvement in OPC differentiation or toluidine blue rank analysis, suggesting these changes in inflammation were not sufficient to positively modulate remyelination. The results from these three studies introduce a significant but previously unconsidered environmental influence on remyelination in the CNS. Whilst the effects are subtle relative to more direct interventions, the microbiome can be manipulated simply and non-invasively, which may provide a useful adjunct to other strategies for optimising remyelination.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de programação para um robô de cinco graus de liberdade com acionamento pneumático. A proposta para tal estratégia de programação utiliza como base a linguagem SFC (Sequential Function Chart) normatizada pela IEC 61131-3. A principal característica deste tipo de linguagem é a simplicidade na integração com diversos elementos presentes em ambiente fabril, juntamente a garantia do sequenciamento das ações e a facilidade de programação. O estudo foi realizado em três etapas: a primeira, destina-se à criação de sub-rotinas em linguagem SFC para movimentação ponto a ponto, pick and place, e paletização. Desta forma, através da definição de alguns dados de entrada, é possível reprogramar o robô de forma gráfica e intuitiva; a segunda etapa do estudo constituiu na criação de um Programa Tradutor em linguagem baseada em scripts de Matlab que, através de um servidor OPC (Ole for Process Control), faz a interpretação do programa em linguagem SFC e o traduz para a linguagem do sistema de controle do robô; já, a última etapa destina-se à realização de testes utilizando um CLP Compact Logix da AllenBradley em conjunto com o software de programação RSLogix 5000, o software Matlab e o sistema de controle do robô pneumático. A partir dos resultados, Conclui-se que a aplicação e utilização este tipo de programação para tarefas de movimentação de robôs é plenamente viável, o que pode vir a simplificar as etapas de programação, e ampliando a integração entre os diversos sistemas fabris, na medida em que os seus elementos poderão trocar facilmente informações necessárias à automação. / The present study has as main goal to present a differentiated form of programming for a prototype of a robot of five degrees of freedom with pneumatic drive. This program is based on the language SFC (Sequential Function Chart) standardized by IEC 61131-3. The main feature of this type of language is simplicity in integration with various elements present in the manufacturing environment, ensuring the sequencing of actions and ease of programming. The system used as a test bench consists of a pneumatic robot which currently control actions are carried out through specific programming routines combined with dedicated control boards, working with Matlab software. The study was conducted in three stages: the first, for creating subroutines in SFC language to linear movement, pick and place movement and palletizing movement, thus, by setting some input data it is possible to reprogram the robot for tasks in a graphical and intuitive way; the second stage of the study consisted in creating a translator program in Matlab language based on scripts that, through an OPC server (Ole for Process Control), interpreters the program in SFC language and translates it into the language of the control system robot; the last step was intended for testing this programming approach by using a PLC Compact Logix from Allen-Bradley in conjunction with RSLogix 5000 programming software, Matlab and the control system of the pneumatic robot. It was concluded that the implementation and use of this type of programming for robot handling tasks are both feasible. It simplifies the programming steps and enhances the integration between the various manufacturing systems, since the elements could directly exchange information, because they are in the same language.

The goal of this project is to develop a system of supervision, communication and control, implemented in a free supervisory software the SCADABR for installed wind farms and/or to be installed in Brazil, from the considerations and recommendations of IEC 61400 - 25. The construction of complete wind farms with full automation, has led entrepreneurs to focus their efforts not only on profit and productivity, but also in: human capital, concerned with the management system, technological mastery and communication at all levels. Information processing with communication, opened borders with new forms of relationship and growing trend in the industrial automation field, which favors different devices to communicate with others in a cooperative way. However, the largest manufacturers of wind generation plants still offer proprietary solutions "black boxes" for the networks field, which results in a variety of protocols of systems, causing the client the full dependence on these suppliers. Aiming interoperability and flexibility of operation, groups of researchers advocate standards of open model, as the solution of networks and protocols for all, leaving customers free. In this struggle, the best-known organization in the field of wind energy is IEC 61400-25, specifically for the monitoring system and free communication among different equipment vendors, nevertheless internal communication of the components of wind power plant is not within the standard. The application range of the standard covers the operation of this kind of wind farm, including wind turbine, meteorological measurement system, electrical system and management system, but does not include the relevant line of the substation feeding and information. Hence, the interaction with the supervisory system SCADABR developed in "open-source" model of free license. It is proposed the application of a multi-platform Java-based, from an application server, like Apache Tomcat the standard choice. Considering the requirements of the present communication model in IEC 61400-25-2 it is defined a model of information for monitoring and control of wind power plants, to this end, part-data simulator MatrikonOPC through customer / OPC DA server interaction (Object Linking and Embedding for Process Control Data Access), with ScadaBR software. / O objetivo da pesquisa é desenvolver um sistema de supervisão, comunicação e controle, implementado em um software de supervisão livre o ScadaBR, para parques eólicos instalados e/ou a serem instalados no Brasil, a partir das considerações e recomendações da norma IEC 61400-25. A construção de parques eólicos completos, com automação total, tem levado os empreendedores a focalizar seus esforços não só no lucro e produtividade, mas também no: capital humano, preocupando-se com o sistema de gestão, domínio tecnológico e comunicação em todos os níveis. O processamento da informação com a comunicação, abriu fronteiras com as novas formas de relacionamento e a crescente tendência na área de automação industrial, favorece que diferentes dispositivos comuniquem-se com outros de uma maneira cooperativa. No entanto, os maiores fabricantes de usinas de geração eólica ainda oferecem soluções proprietárias caixas pretas para as redes de campo, o que resulta numa diversidade de protocolos de sistemas, levando dependência desses fornecedores. Visando a interoperabilidade e flexibilidade de operação, grupos de pesquisadores defendem normas de padrão aberto, como a solução de redes e protocolos para todos, deixando os clientes livres. Nesta luta, a organização mais conhecida na área de energia eólica é a norma IEC 61400-25, especificamente para o sistema de monitoramento e comunicação livre entre diferentes fornecedores de equipamentos, porém a comunicação interna dos componentes da usina de energia eólica não está no âmbito desta norma. A faixa de aplicação da norma abrange parte da operação desse tipo de usina, incluindo turbina de vento, sistema de medição meteorológica, sistema elétrico e sistema de gestão, mas não inclui a linha relevante de alimentação e informação da subestação. Daí a interação com o sistema supervisório ScadaBR, desenvolvido em modelo open-source de licença gratuita. Propõe-se a aplicação de uma multi-plataforma baseada em Java, a partir de um servidor de aplicações, com o Apache Tomcat a escolha padrão. Considerando as exigências do modelo de comunicação presentes na Norma IEC 61400-25-2, define-se um modelo de informação para monitoramento e controle de usinas eólicas, para tal, parte-se do simulador de dados MatrikonOPC, por meio da interação cliente / servidor OPC DA (Object Linkingand Embedding for Process Control Data Access), com o software ScadaBR.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de programação para um robô de cinco graus de liberdade com acionamento pneumático. A proposta para tal estratégia de programação utiliza como base a linguagem SFC (Sequential Function Chart) normatizada pela IEC 61131-3. A principal característica deste tipo de linguagem é a simplicidade na integração com diversos elementos presentes em ambiente fabril, juntamente a garantia do sequenciamento das ações e a facilidade de programação. O estudo foi realizado em três etapas: a primeira, destina-se à criação de sub-rotinas em linguagem SFC para movimentação ponto a ponto, pick and place, e paletização. Desta forma, através da definição de alguns dados de entrada, é possível reprogramar o robô de forma gráfica e intuitiva; a segunda etapa do estudo constituiu na criação de um Programa Tradutor em linguagem baseada em scripts de Matlab que, através de um servidor OPC (Ole for Process Control), faz a interpretação do programa em linguagem SFC e o traduz para a linguagem do sistema de controle do robô; já, a última etapa destina-se à realização de testes utilizando um CLP Compact Logix da AllenBradley em conjunto com o software de programação RSLogix 5000, o software Matlab e o sistema de controle do robô pneumático. A partir dos resultados, Conclui-se que a aplicação e utilização este tipo de programação para tarefas de movimentação de robôs é plenamente viável, o que pode vir a simplificar as etapas de programação, e ampliando a integração entre os diversos sistemas fabris, na medida em que os seus elementos poderão trocar facilmente informações necessárias à automação. / The present study has as main goal to present a differentiated form of programming for a prototype of a robot of five degrees of freedom with pneumatic drive. This program is based on the language SFC (Sequential Function Chart) standardized by IEC 61131-3. The main feature of this type of language is simplicity in integration with various elements present in the manufacturing environment, ensuring the sequencing of actions and ease of programming. The system used as a test bench consists of a pneumatic robot which currently control actions are carried out through specific programming routines combined with dedicated control boards, working with Matlab software. The study was conducted in three stages: the first, for creating subroutines in SFC language to linear movement, pick and place movement and palletizing movement, thus, by setting some input data it is possible to reprogram the robot for tasks in a graphical and intuitive way; the second stage of the study consisted in creating a translator program in Matlab language based on scripts that, through an OPC server (Ole for Process Control), interpreters the program in SFC language and translates it into the language of the control system robot; the last step was intended for testing this programming approach by using a PLC Compact Logix from Allen-Bradley in conjunction with RSLogix 5000 programming software, Matlab and the control system of the pneumatic robot. It was concluded that the implementation and use of this type of programming for robot handling tasks are both feasible. It simplifies the programming steps and enhances the integration between the various manufacturing systems, since the elements could directly exchange information, because they are in the same language.

The goal of this project is to develop a system of supervision, communication and control, implemented in a free supervisory software the SCADABR for installed wind farms and/or to be installed in Brazil, from the considerations and recommendations of IEC 61400 - 25. The construction of complete wind farms with full automation, has led entrepreneurs to focus their efforts not only on profit and productivity, but also in: human capital, concerned with the management system, technological mastery and communication at all levels. Information processing with communication, opened borders with new forms of relationship and growing trend in the industrial automation field, which favors different devices to communicate with others in a cooperative way. However, the largest manufacturers of wind generation plants still offer proprietary solutions "black boxes" for the networks field, which results in a variety of protocols of systems, causing the client the full dependence on these suppliers. Aiming interoperability and flexibility of operation, groups of researchers advocate standards of open model, as the solution of networks and protocols for all, leaving customers free. In this struggle, the best-known organization in the field of wind energy is IEC 61400-25, specifically for the monitoring system and free communication among different equipment vendors, nevertheless internal communication of the components of wind power plant is not within the standard. The application range of the standard covers the operation of this kind of wind farm, including wind turbine, meteorological measurement system, electrical system and management system, but does not include the relevant line of the substation feeding and information. Hence, the interaction with the supervisory system SCADABR developed in "open-source" model of free license. It is proposed the application of a multi-platform Java-based, from an application server, like Apache Tomcat the standard choice. Considering the requirements of the present communication model in IEC 61400-25-2 it is defined a model of information for monitoring and control of wind power plants, to this end, part-data simulator MatrikonOPC through customer / OPC DA server interaction (Object Linking and Embedding for Process Control Data Access), with ScadaBR software. / O objetivo da pesquisa é desenvolver um sistema de supervisão, comunicação e controle, implementado em um software de supervisão livre o ScadaBR, para parques eólicos instalados e/ou a serem instalados no Brasil, a partir das considerações e recomendações da norma IEC 61400-25. A construção de parques eólicos completos, com automação total, tem levado os empreendedores a focalizar seus esforços não só no lucro e produtividade, mas também no: capital humano, preocupando-se com o sistema de gestão, domínio tecnológico e comunicação em todos os níveis. O processamento da informação com a comunicação, abriu fronteiras com as novas formas de relacionamento e a crescente tendência na área de automação industrial, favorece que diferentes dispositivos comuniquem-se com outros de uma maneira cooperativa. No entanto, os maiores fabricantes de usinas de geração eólica ainda oferecem soluções proprietárias caixas pretas para as redes de campo, o que resulta numa diversidade de protocolos de sistemas, levando dependência desses fornecedores. Visando a interoperabilidade e flexibilidade de operação, grupos de pesquisadores defendem normas de padrão aberto, como a solução de redes e protocolos para todos, deixando os clientes livres. Nesta luta, a organização mais conhecida na área de energia eólica é a norma IEC 61400-25, especificamente para o sistema de monitoramento e comunicação livre entre diferentes fornecedores de equipamentos, porém a comunicação interna dos componentes da usina de energia eólica não está no âmbito desta norma. A faixa de aplicação da norma abrange parte da operação desse tipo de usina, incluindo turbina de vento, sistema de medição meteorológica, sistema elétrico e sistema de gestão, mas não inclui a linha relevante de alimentação e informação da subestação. Daí a interação com o sistema supervisório ScadaBR, desenvolvido em modelo open-source de licença gratuita. Propõe-se a aplicação de uma multi-plataforma baseada em Java, a partir de um servidor de aplicações, com o Apache Tomcat a escolha padrão. Considerando as exigências do modelo de comunicação presentes na Norma IEC 61400-25-2, define-se um modelo de informação para monitoramento e controle de usinas eólicas, para tal, parte-se do simulador de dados MatrikonOPC, por meio da interação cliente / servidor OPC DA (Object Linkingand Embedding for Process Control Data Access), com o software ScadaBR.

Även fast de flesta kanske skulle tänka på en industri när de hör talas om ett övervakande system, är det något som ökar inom fastighetsautomation idag. I och med att dagens byggnader blir mer intelligenta ökar behovet av att ha full koll på alla delar i ett fastighetssystem. Genom att implementera ett överordnat system, också kallat för SCADA system, kan en fastighet övervakas från ett och samma ställe vilket ger användaren full koll på vad som händer i en byggnad. Målet med detta arbete är att beskriva kommunikationen mellan ett överordnat och ett underliggande system samt att realisera ett SCADA system. Först beskrivs hur ett överordnat system fungerar och det följs upp med en utredning kring kommunikationsstandarden som ligger till grund för hur ett fungerande SCADA sedan kan implementeras. Med tanke på dagens användning av internet väcks genast frågan kring hur säkert ett liknande system kan implementeras i ett hus utan att det kan hackas av utomstående, vilket besvaras utifrån teorin. Slutsatsen är den att ett överordnat system har väldigt stor potential med tanke på att nästintill varje hushåll idag har internet och en dator eller mobil enhet. Kan man bortse från säkerhetsriskerna och hur stor kostnaden kan tänkas bli för att köpa sig ett liknande system är detta framtiden i våra hushåll. / Even though you probably first of all would think about industries when you hear about a monitoring system its something that is increasing in building automation today. As today's buildings become more intelligent, the need to gain full control of all parts of the system increases. By implementing a superiorvisory system, also known as a SCADA system, a property can be monitored from one location, giving the user a full overview of what's happening in the building. The aim of this work is to describe the communication between a supervisory and underlying system and to put togheter a small SCADA system. First of all is a description of how a superior system works and is followed up with an investigation about the chosen communication standard. A standard that underlies how a functional SCADA then can be implemented. Keep in mind of today's use of the Internet, it is at instance a question of how safe a similar system can be implemented in a house without being worried about third parties hacking your system. The conclusion is that this sort of system have a big potential when almost everyone has a computer and Internet at home. If you can neglect the security risks and how much the cost may be to buy a similar system is that this is the future in our houses.

The task was to study the physical model of the coordinate manipulator. It is controlled by two stepping motors by Schneider Electric and Beckhoff¨s industrial IPC. Then get to know the TwinCAT control software communicating on the EtherCAT network. Then revive the model and create a task to illustrate the functionality of the model with a simple ON / OFF third axis, as well as revive the industrial camera. Then create your own design of a full-fledged third axis and let it be realized. Finally, create an illustration application with the full-fledged third axis manipulator.

This work deals with the implementation of data continuity within the project documentation. This data continuity is implemented in order to follow the Industry 4.0 philosophy, already in the early design phase of the project. The project also gives an example of the implementation of the Internet of Things and the possibility of using it in industrial zones.

This diploma thesis deals with the creation of a general communication interface between the smart product and process cells within test bed Barman. The aim is to create distributed production according to the Industry 4.0 concept, where each product manages it’s production itself. The first part deals with the analysis of test bed, where are discussed requirements and method of production. Then with the selection of a communication protocol that would meet Industry 4.0 and distributed control requirements. The result of the research was OPC UA communication protocol. Using this protocol, the product and the process cell will communicate with each other. I chose the appropriate implementation for the selected protocol to be used for creating communication modules of the product and the process cell. Production data will be stored in an RFID chip located in the product. Part of the work is devoted to creation this data structure, which contains the recipe as well as production state data. Creation of RFID reader is the work of another student, with whom I solved the method of data exchange between application of the reader and the communication module of the product. When creating a communication module of the process cell, I solved the design of an information model that describes the entire process cell, and the dynamic creation of nodes in the address space. I have mentioned a few examples of how I worked with a selected implementation of OPC UA and how I used it in both applications. I implemented decentralized search of another process cells in the local network. This feature was easy to implement with OPC UA, specifically with the LDS-ME service. I solved the control of production for the communication module of the product and method of communication with the process cell. And in the last part I deal with manual, which describes how to compile projects correctly, specifically on the Linux operating system, and I have described a way to test the whole solution together with the results.

This diploma thesis deals with the creation of visualization for testing lab for air conditioning unit. This unit was made by Strojírenský zkušební ústav. The visualization was programmed in the visualization and simulation program called ControlWeb. This application allows controlling, monitoring, storing and retrieving all necessary variables. Next part of diploma thesis discusses techniques of measurement, automation devices and visualization software.