Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att utreda OPC-standarderna OPC Data Access och motsvarande del i OPC Unified Architecture, samt att implementera OPC-kommunikation i ett system. Behovet av en kommunikationsstandard föddes ur det interoperabilitetsproblem som fanns inom framförallt industriella produktionssystem. Med ett OPC-gränssnitt implementerat mellan en datakälla och applikation kan datautbytet ske på ett standardiserat sätt. OPC Foundation, som är en organisation som tillhandahåller olika OPC-standarder, har idag utvecklat två OPC-standarder, Classic OPC och OPC Unified Architecture. Classic OPC består av ett antal specifikationer som är baserade på COM- och DCOM-gränssnitten, vilket gör att dessa specifikationer är bundna till Windowsplattformen.  OPC Unified Architecture erbjuder ett säkrare och mer mångsidigt kommunikationsgränssnitt än vad Classic OPC-standarden ger, tack vare dess kommunikationsstack. Den praktiska biten i projektet bestod av att implementera OPC-kommunikation i ett system. Två delmoment som ingick i implementeringen var att skapa en testmiljö samt att utveckla en applikation ovanpå klassbibliotek som behandlade kommunikation mot OPC DA- respektive OPC UA-servrar. OPC Unified Architecture-standarden definierar endast formatet på meddelandet innan det kommer fram till kommunikationsstacken. Det här öppnar upp för möjligheten att i framtiden erbjuda kommunikationsstackar som kommunicerar enligt andra protokoll och formateringar, vilket gör att OPC Unified Architecture kommer att kunna anpassas efter framtida behov och på så sätt kommer att vara ett alternativ för interoperabilitet i system under en lång tid framöver. / The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the OPC standard OPC Data Access and the corresponding part in OPC Unified Architecture, and to implement OPC communication in a system. The need for a communication standard was born out of the interoperability problems that existed mainly in industrial production systems. With an OPC interface implemented between a data source and an application, the data exchange can be done in a standardized way. OPC Foundation, which is an organization that provides various OPC standards, has now developed two OPC standards, Classic OPC and OPC Unified Architecture. Classic OPC is a set of specifications that are based on COM and DCOM interfaces, which means that these specifications are tied to the Windows platform. OPC Unified Architecture provides a safer and more versatile communications interfaces than the Classic OPC standard provides, thanks to the communication stack. The practical bit of the project consisted of implementing OPC communication in a system. Two parts that were included in the implementation was to create a test environment and to develop an application on top of the class library that dealt with communication with OPC DA and OPC UA servers. The OPC Unified Architecture standard defines only the format of the message before it reaches the communication stack. This makes it possible to provide communication stacks that communicate according to other protocols and formats in the future, which allowing OPC Unified Architecture to be adaptable to future needs and thus will be an option for an interoperable system for a long time to come.

This report discusses developing a software log tool for analysis of industrial processes. The target was to develop software that can help electro Engineers for monitor and fault finding in industrial processes. The tool is called PLS (Process log server), and is developed in Visual Studio.NET Framework 2005. PLS works as a client with Beijer Electronics OPC Server. The program is able to read data from PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), trough the OPC Server. PLS connects to all kind of controllers that is supported by the Beijer Electronics OPC Server. Signal data is stored in a database for later analysis. Chosen signals data can easily be exported into a text file. The text file is adopted for import to MS Office Excel. User manual [UM-07] is written as a separate document. The software acted stable through the function test. The final product becomes a first-rate tool that is simple to use. As an advantage, the software can be developed with more functions in the future.

The presenting master`s thesis is concerned with leveraging the CCI system COMES firm COMPAS as OPC client. It was described data transfer architecture based OPC server OPC Client with OPC specifications and standards. Further, it was done the analysis of OPC servers from different manufacturers. The output of the thesis is conception and testing methodology of communication CCI module mode OPC client and OPC servers from different manufacturers.

<p>The BoardModel™ software system is today used as a visualization of, for example, logging of parameters in production and real-time predictions of responses such as formaldehyde emission or moisture content. The system is time based and consists of four main programs, the BMDC (saves and sends the incoming values), the View (shows the result to the screen), the Server (calculates the result) and the HDB exporter (export values to a text file).</p><p>This project aims at doing BoardModel™ event based and implement a new interface where the results can be shown. The need of the Server and the View programs in offline applications will be unnecessary, this will make the whole system much easier to use.</p><p>To make the system event based, SIMCA-QP from Umetrics AB will be used as calculating engine. An interface in C code which communicates with SIMCA-QP will be made. All other changes to the program will be made in C++.</p><p>The final version of the new BoardModel™ is event based, has support for multiple models and multiple y variables. The system also has the opportunity to send the calculated results as OPC. The new BoardModel™ consists only of BMDC with an inbuilt exporter and a new interface where the results are shown.</p> / <p>BoardModel™ är ett mjukvarusystem som används för att visa till exempel värden av parametrar i produktionen och realtidsprediktering av bland annat formaldehyd och fukthalt. BoardModel™ är tidsbaserad och består av fyra olika program, BMDC (sparar och skickar vidare värden som kommer in), View (där resultaten visas), Server (som räknar ut resultaten) och HDB exporter (exporterar ut värden till en textfil).</p><p>Målet med detta examensarbete är att gör BoardModel™ händelsestyrt och implementera ett nytt gränssnitt där resultatet kan visas. I och med detta kommer behovet av ett View- och ett Serverprogram att försvinna i offline applikationer och systemet kommer överlag att bli lättare att använda.</p><p>För att BoardModel™ ska bli händelsestyrt kommer SIMCA-QP från Umetrics AB att användas som beräknings motor. För att kunna kommunicera med SIMCA-QP kommer ett C gränssnitt att byggas och resterande ändringar av programmet kommer att göras i C++.</p><p>Den färdiga versionen av BoardModel™ är händelsestyrd och innehåller stöd för flera modeller och fler y-variabler. Man kan också välja att skicka resultaten med hjälp av OPC. Den nya versionen består bara av BMDC med en inbyggd HDB exporter och ett nytt gränssnitt där resultaten visas.</p>

The BoardModel™ software system is today used as a visualization of, for example, logging of parameters in production and real-time predictions of responses such as formaldehyde emission or moisture content. The system is time based and consists of four main programs, the BMDC (saves and sends the incoming values), the View (shows the result to the screen), the Server (calculates the result) and the HDB exporter (export values to a text file). This project aims at doing BoardModel™ event based and implement a new interface where the results can be shown. The need of the Server and the View programs in offline applications will be unnecessary, this will make the whole system much easier to use. To make the system event based, SIMCA-QP from Umetrics AB will be used as calculating engine. An interface in C code which communicates with SIMCA-QP will be made. All other changes to the program will be made in C++. The final version of the new BoardModel™ is event based, has support for multiple models and multiple y variables. The system also has the opportunity to send the calculated results as OPC. The new BoardModel™ consists only of BMDC with an inbuilt exporter and a new interface where the results are shown. / BoardModel™ är ett mjukvarusystem som används för att visa till exempel värden av parametrar i produktionen och realtidsprediktering av bland annat formaldehyd och fukthalt. BoardModel™ är tidsbaserad och består av fyra olika program, BMDC (sparar och skickar vidare värden som kommer in), View (där resultaten visas), Server (som räknar ut resultaten) och HDB exporter (exporterar ut värden till en textfil). Målet med detta examensarbete är att gör BoardModel™ händelsestyrt och implementera ett nytt gränssnitt där resultatet kan visas. I och med detta kommer behovet av ett View- och ett Serverprogram att försvinna i offline applikationer och systemet kommer överlag att bli lättare att använda. För att BoardModel™ ska bli händelsestyrt kommer SIMCA-QP från Umetrics AB att användas som beräknings motor. För att kunna kommunicera med SIMCA-QP kommer ett C gränssnitt att byggas och resterande ändringar av programmet kommer att göras i C++. Den färdiga versionen av BoardModel™ är händelsestyrd och innehåller stöd för flera modeller och fler y-variabler. Man kan också välja att skicka resultaten med hjälp av OPC. Den nya versionen består bara av BMDC med en inbyggd HDB exporter och ett nytt gränssnitt där resultaten visas.

Semiconductor scaling has been largely driven by advancements in lithographic technologies. However, the lack of a viable next generation lithography solution since the 180nm node has driven the industry to printing sub-wavelength features. This has led to rising manufacturing costs and diminishing chip yield. In traditional methodologies, manufacturing and design are relatively insulated, with a layout being the only means of communicating design intent to the foundry. In this dissertation, we describe several techniques which utilize electrical information to improve properties of manufactured structures. We aim to show that a bi-directional flow of information between design and manufacturing is key to increasing chip yield. In particular, we target the mask data preparation flow of lithography. We develop an electrically-driven optical proximity correction (ED-OPC) tool that performs electrical matching as opposed to geometric matching in order to achieve lower post-lithography delay error. We then demonstrate how to harness ED-OPC to compensate electrical variability arising from non-lithographic sources as well. We then describe a technique to manufacture circuits with less timing violations across the process window by using design-aware shape tolerances generated from timing information. Finally, we observe that local wiring has low impact on design properties and use this information to modify target wire shapes themselves in order to improve their manufacturability in the presence of process variations. / text

In the Diploma Work is described the Simotion commanding system which has been produced by Siemens. Conception of the system and its features are explained. Further, the work deals with the data and alarm transfer among separate systems, an item which has been dealt with by the help of OPC (OLE for Process Control). Its update and specification have been covered with OPC Foundation organization. The alarm report visualization out of the Simotion system to WinnCC environment (which is not a client of OPC Alarms & Events server) is introduced here .

HMS Industrial networks is a company that offers communication solutions for automation systems. There exists an abundance of different industrial network technologies and HMS manufactures gateways that translate and allow communication between the different networks.The multiplicity of network technologies introduces problems when it comes to monitoring the processes in an automation system. It is desirable to be able to access the process data through a single network technology and this is what OPC UA is used for. Briefly, OPC UA can be described as an interface for exchange ofprocess data in automation systems. HMS has noticed a rising trend in the interest for OPC UA and therefore wants to investigate the possibility to use OPC UA on their platform, the Anybus X-Gateway. The goal of this thesis has been to port an OPC UA stack, provided by the OPCfoundation, to the HMS operating system running on an Anybus X-Gateway. The port has been successful and has been verified by unit tests and a test application. Thus, a first step towards a complete OPC UA product has been taken. Further, the thesis presents a theoretical summary about real-time operating systems to explain their function and usage.

No description available.

Remyelination is a spontaneous regenerative process whereby myelin sheaths are restored to demyelinated axons. Key players in this process are oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), a widespread population of CNS progenitor cells which persist into adulthood. Remyelination is impaired in patients with chronic demyelinating conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis, and as with other regenerative processes, its efficiency declines with increasing age. Hence, there is a need for the development of therapeutic interventions that will aid in promoting endogenous remyelination when the endogenous regenerative potential is compromised. The nuclear receptor RXR$\gamma$ is an important positive regulator of OPC differentiation and an accelerator of endogenous remyelination in aged rats. RXR$\gamma$ functions as a ligand-induced transcription factor and is able to regulate gene transcription. It does so by heterodimerising with other nuclear receptors and recruiting co-regulators involved in chromatin remodelling. However, we lack understanding on the specific mechanism by which RXR$\gamma$ promotes OPC differentiation. With the work presented in this thesis I demonstrate that RXR$\gamma$ function is regulated at multiple signalling levels. Proximity ligation assays revealed that RXR$\gamma$ remains consistently bound to its partners throughout the oligodendrocyte lineage, and the biological relevance of each heterodimer is determined by the dynamic association of co-regulators. This is in turn influenced by ligand presence and subcellular receptor localisation. To identify the genes controlled by RXR$\gamma$ in OPCs I carried out ChIP sequencing, which revealed genes involved in proliferation and cell cycle control. Further functional assessments aided me in the development of a hypothesis whereby RXR$\gamma$ activation does not directly influence oligodendrocyte formation, but rather promotes cell cycle exit thereby accelerating and facilitating OPC differentiation. Altered nuclear receptor expression and ligand presence in ageing OPCs may consequently impair this process. My thesis provides an alternative hypothesis to how RXR$\gamma$ regulates lineage cell progression, highlighting a new avenue in the development of therapeutic interventions targeting generic stem cell functions for which drugs are already FDA approved, rather than oligodendrocyte-specific pathways.