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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
221

Laser processing of Silica based glass

Holmberg, Patrik January 2015 (has links)
The main topic of this thesis work is photosensitivity and photo-structuring of optical fibers and bulk glass. Although research in the field of photosensitivity in glass and optical fibers has been ongoing for more than three decades, the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. The objective was to gain a better understanding of the photo-response by studying photosensitivity from a thermodynamic perspective, as opposed to established research focusing on point defects and structural changes, and strain and stress in optical fibers. Optical fibers was mainly used for experimental studies for two reasons; first, photosensitivity in fibers is more pronounced and more elusive compared to its bulk counterpart, and secondly, fibers provide a simplified structure to study as they experimentally can be seen as one-dimensional.Initially, ablation experiments on bulk glass were performed using picosecond infrared pulses. With a design cross section of 40x40 μm, straight channels were fabricated on the top (facing incident light) and bottom side of the sample and the resulting geometries were analyzed. The results show a higher sensitivity to experimental parameters for bottom side ablation which was ascribed to material incubation effects. Moreover, on the top side, the resulting geometry has a V-shape, independent of experimental parameters, related to the numerical aperture of the focusing lens, which was ascribed to shadowing effects.After this work, the focus shifted towards optical fibers, UV-induced fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and thermal processing with conventional oven and with a CO2 laser as a source of radiant heat.First, a system for CO2 laser heating of optical fibers was constructed. For measuring the temperature of the processed fibers, a special type of FBG with high temperature stability, referred to as "Chemical Composition Grating" (CCG) was used. A thorough characterization and temperature calibration was performed and the results show the temperature dynamics with a temporal resolution of less than one millisecond. The temperature profile of the fiber and the laser beam intensity profile could be measured with a spatial resolution limited by the grating length and diameter of the fiber. Temperatures as high as ~ 1750 °C could be measured with corresponding heating and cooling rates of 10.500 K/s and 6.500 K/s.Subsequently, a thorough investigation of annealing and thermal regeneration of FBGs in standard telecommunication fibers was performed. The results show that thermal grating regeneration involves several mechanisms. For strong regeneration, an optimum annealing temperature near 900 C was found. Two different activation energies could be extracted from an Arrhenius of index modulation and Braggv iwavelength, having a crossing point also around 900 °C, indication a balance of two opposing mechanisms.Finally, the thermal dynamics and spectral evolution during formation of long period fiber gratings (LPGs) were investigated. The gratings were fabricated using the CO2 laser system by periodically grooving the fibers by thermal ablation. Transmission losses were reduced by carefully selecting the proper processing conditions. These parameters were identified by mapping groove depth and transmission loss to laser intensity and exposure time. / Huvudtemana i denna avhandling är fotokänslighet och fotostrukturering av optiska fibrer och bulk glas. Trots att forskning inom fotokänslighet i glas och optiska fibrer har pågått under mer än tre decennier är de bakomliggande mekanismerna ännu inte klarlagda. Syftet var att få en bättre förståelse för fotoresponsen genom att studera fotokäsligheten ur ett termodynamiskt perspektiv, i motsats till etablerad forskning med fokus på punktdefekter och strukturförändringar, samt mekaniska spännings effekter i optiska fibrer. Optiska fibrer användes för flertalet av de experimentella studierna av två skäl; för det första är fotokänsligheten i fibrer större och dessutom vet man mindre om bakomliggande mekanismer jämfört med motsvarande bulk glas, och för det andra kan fibrer vara enklare att studera eftersom de experimentellt kan ses som en endimensionell struktur.Inledningsvis utfördes ablaherings experiment på bulk glas med en infraröd laser med pikosekund pulser. Raka kanaler med ett designtvärsnitt på 40x40 μm tillverkades på ovansidan (mot infallande ljus) och bottensidan av provet och de resulterande geometrierna analyserades. Resultaten visar en högre känslighet för variationer i experimentella parametrar vid ablahering på undersidan vilket kan förklaras av inkubations effekter i materialet. Dessutom är den resulterande geometrin på ovansidan V-formad, oavsett experimentella parametrar, vilket kunde relateras till den numeriska aperturen hos den fokuserande linsen, vilket förklaras av skuggningseffekter.Efter detta arbete flyttades fokus mot optiska fibrer, UV inducerade fiber Bragg gitter (FBG), och termisk bearbetning med konventionell ugn samt även med en CO2-laser som källa för strålningsvärme.Först konstruerades ett system för CO2-laservärmning av fibrer. För mätning av temperaturen hos bearbetade fibrer användes en speciell sorts FBG med hög temperaturstabilitet, kallade ”Chemical Composition Gratings” (CCG). En grundlig karaktärisering och temperaturkalibrering utfördes och temperaturdynamiken mättes med en tidsupplösning på under en millisekund. Temperaturprofilen i fibern, och laserns strålprofil, kunde mätas med en spatiell upplösning begränsad av gitterlängden och fiberns diameter. Temperaturer upp till ~1750 °C, vilket är högre än mjukpunktstemperaturen, kunde mätas med korresponderande uppvärmnings- och avsvalningshastighet på 10.500 K/s och 6.500 K/s.Därefter gjordes en omfattande undersökning av värmebearbetning och termisk regenerering av FBG:er i telekomfiber. Resultaten visar att termisk gitter-regenerering aktiveras av flera olika mekanismer. Värmebearbetning vid en temperatur omkring 900 °C resulterade i starka gitter efter en regenerering vid en temperatur på 1100 °C. Två olika aktiveringsenergier kunde extraheras från en Arrhenius plot avseende brytningsindexmodulation och Braggvåglängd, med en skärningspunkt tillika runt 900 °C, vilket indikerar en avvägning mellan två motverkande mekanismer vid denna temperatur.Slutligen undersöktes temperaturdynamiken och de spektrala egenskaperna under tillverkning av långperiodiga fibergitter (LPG). Gittren tillverkades med CO2-vi iilasersystemet genom att skapa en periodisk urgröpning medelst termisk ablahering. Transmissionsförluster kunde reduceras med noggrant valda processparametrar. Dessa parametrar identifierades genom mätningar av ablaherat djup och transmissionsförlust som funktion av laserintensitet och exponeringstid. / <p>QC 20150924</p>
222

Fiber optic confocal reflectance microscopy: in vivo detection of pre-cancerous lesions in epithelial tissue

Sung, Kung-bin 28 August 2008 (has links)
Not available / text
223

Μοντέλο εισαγωγής του fttx στο αστικό τηλεφωνικό δίκτυο

Γεωργίου, Δέσποινα 10 March 2014 (has links)
Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η μελέτη και παρουσίαση μοντέλων οπτικών δικτύων. Έχοντας μελετήσει αρχικά τις ανάγκες που επιβάλλει η ζήτηση όλο και περισσότερου bandwidth, μέσα από παραδείγματα της καθημερινότητας των χρηστών καταλήγουμε στο συμπέρασμα ότι η τεχνολογία που μπορεί να ανταποκριθεί σε αυτές τις ανάγκες είναι αυτή των fttx. Στην συνέχεια αναφέρονται βασικές αρχές λειτουργίας και χειρισμού των οπτικών ινών. Μετέπειτα αναλύονται εκτενέστερα περιπτώσεις με διαφορετικές τοπολογίες, πρωτόκολλα και αρχιτεκτονικές των δικτύων των οπτικών ινών, σχολιάζοντας παράλληλα, την ευχρηστία και οικονομικότητα εφαρμογής σε κάθε περίπτωση. Παρακάτω παρουσιάζεται συνοπτικά το περιεχόμενο του κάθε κεφαλαίου: Στο 1ο Κεφάλαιο γίνεται μία εισαγωγή για το σκοπό της εργασίας μέσω μιας ιστορικής αναδρομής όσον αφορά την ανάπτυξη τεχνολογιών διαδικτύου και το πώς η λύση στην ανάγκη γρηγορότερων ταχυτήτων είναι τα οπτικά δίκτυα. Το 2ο Κεφάλαιο ασχολείται κυρίως με την ανάγκη για ευρυζωνικότητα. Αναφέρονται τα πλεονεκτήματα της, όπως επίσης και διάφορες τεχνολογίες της. Ακόμα παρουσιάζονται βέλτιστες στρατηγικές για την εξάπλωση της ευρυζωνικότητας και παραδείγματα χωρών που ακολούθησαν αυτές τις στρατηγικές. Το 3ο Κεφάλαιο έχει σκοπό την περιγραφή βασικών εννοιών για τις τεχνολογίες οπτικών ινών όπως για παράδειγμα, η δομή τους, ο τρόπος μετάδοσης σήματος, παράγοντες περιορισμού ζεύξεως ισολογισμός ισχύος και τεχνικές πολυπλεξίας. Στο 4ο Κεφάλαιο μελετάμε τις περιπτώσεις των διάφορων τεχνολογιών fttx, εμβαθύνοντας περισσότερο στην FTTH. Συγκεκριμένα αναλύονται εκτενώς η Home Run, AON και PON αρχιτεκτονικές και ο συνδυασμός κάποιες φόρες των 2. Ακόμα αναφέρεται μια σύντομη ανάλυση κόστους δικτύων FTTH. Το 5ο Κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζει επενδυτικές στρατηγικές εξάπλωσης των FTTH μέσα από παραδείγματα ευρωπαϊκών πόλεων. Έπειτα παραθέτονται στατιστικά διείσδυσης των δικτύων οπτικών ινών, στην Ευρώπη και ουσιαστικά επιβαιβεώνει την χρησιμότητα και αναγκαιότητά τους. Στο 6ο Κεφάλαιο γίνεται μια γενική αναφορά στα οικονομετρικά μοντέλα και στα μοντέλα διάχυσης. Στο 7ο Κεφάλαιο γίνεται εφαρμογή μοντέλου διάχυσης για τον υπολογισμό της ετήσιας αλλαγής αριθμού συνδρομητών στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες / The purpose of this project is the study and presentation of optical networks. Having studied initially the requirements imposed by the demand of more and more bandwidth, through examples of everyday life we come to a conclusion that the technology that can meet these needs is that of fttx. Then we refer to principles of operation and control of optical fibers. Subsequent we analyze further cases with different topologies, protocols and architectures. There is a presentation of investment strategies spread of FTTH through European cities examples and statistical penetration of fiber optic networks in Europe, which virtually confirms their usefulness and necessity. Finally a diffusion model is used for the calculation of annual change number of subscribers in the United States, having first made a general reference to econometric and diffusion models.
224

WDM over POF τεχνολογία στο δίκτυο μετάδοσης κινητής τηλεφωνίας

Μπανιάς, Κωνσταντίνος 13 November 2008 (has links)
Στην συγκεκριμένη εργασία παρουσιάζεται ένα μοντέλο προσομοίωσης των Πολυμερών Οπτικών Ινών και συγκεκριμένα των GI-POF ικανό να υπολογίζει την κρουστική απόκριση και τη διασπορά των συγκεκριμένων ινών. Επίσης ακολουθούν προσομοιώσεις 2 απλών συστημάτων μετάδοσης μέσω POF με λέιζερ και φωτοδιόδους χιονοστοιβάδας και ένα πλήρες προσομοιωμένο σύστημα μετάδοσης 2 καναλιών με πολυπλεξία μήκους κύματος μέσω των POF. Σχολιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα και η δυνατότητα χρήσης των ινών στη δομή του δίκτυου Μετάδοσης Κινητής Τηλεφωνίας. Επίσης αναλύονται όλα τα πιθανά πρωτόκολλα για τοπικά οπτικά δίκτυα και όλες οι πληροφορίες για τις POF, τους κατάλληλους πομπούς και δέκτες που μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν σε μελλοντικές εφαρμογές. / In the specific project it is presented a simulation model of Polymer Optical Fibers and especially of GI-POF capable of calculating the impulse response and the dispersion of the specific fibers. Also next, simulations were realised of 2 simple transmission systems via POF with laser and avalange photodiodes, and a complete simulated transmission system with 2 channels with Wavelegth Division Multiplexing via POF. Results are being discussed as also the possibility of POF use in structure of Transmission Network of Cellular Telephony. In addition, all available protocols for local optical networks are described and all necessary information about POF, suitable transmitters and receivers that can be used in future applications.
225

Optimisation of semiconductor optical amplifiers for optical networks

Kelly, Anthony Edward January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
226

Suppression of transient gain excursions in an erbium-doped fibre amplifier

Males, Mladen January 2007 (has links)
This thesis reports original work on suppression of transient gain excursions in an erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA). The work presented in this thesis is a detailed investigation of four closed-loop systems that control the EDFA gain dynamically. The performance of the four closed-loop systems is evaluated by analytical work, supplemented by computer simulations and insystem measurements performed on a hardware EDFA. In addition, a stability analysis of the four closed-loop systems is presented. In the stability analysis presented in this thesis, nonlinear nature of the four closed-loop systems is taken into consideration. In the stability analysis, in addition to proving that the four closed-loop systems considered are stable, it is proven that for any practical values of the EDFA gain at the initial time of observation, the EDFA gain is restored to the desired value in steady state. These outcomes of the stability analysis are supported by simulation results and experimental results. Errors in system modelling, change in the operating point of the nonlinear closed-loop system, and measurement noise are important aspects of practical implementations of systems that control the EDFA gain dynamically. A detailed analysis of the effects these practical aspects have on the performance of the four closed-loop systems considered is presented. The analysis is validated using computer simulations and experimental measurements. In most of the work reported in the literature on controlling the EDFA gain, controllers that include feedforward and/or feedback components are employed. In the traditional approaches to combining the feedforward and the feedback components, large transient excursions of the EDFA gain can still occur due to errors in the control provided by the feedforward component. In this thesis, a novel approach to combining the feedforward and the feedback components of the controller is presented. Based on the analytical work, the computer simulations and the experimental work presented in this thesis, the novel approach provides a significant reduction in the excursions of the EDFA gain in the transient period.
227

Suppression of transient gain excursions in an erbium-doped fibre amplifier /

Males, Mladen. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Australia, 2007.
228

Porous slilcon structures for biomaterial and photonic applications

Khung, Yit Lung, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Flinders University, School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences. / Typescript bound. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
229

The development of a plastic scintillator for radiotherapy dosimetry

Morales, Johnny Estuardo. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (MSc.-Res.)--University of Wollongong, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 66-69.
230

Eye closure penalty based signal quality metric for intelligent all-optical networks /

Li, Jonathan Chi Fai. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2010. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-187)

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