The purpose of this quantitative study was to explore the effectiveness of a freshman orientation program on second-semester retention, second-year retention, and cumulative GPA for students enrolled in a community college in the Deep South. The problem addressed in this study is a lack of sufficient academic and social support for college students, limiting their ability to remain in school and with high levels of academic performance (Nora & Crisp, 2007). For this study, the following research questions were analyzed: (1) Are there differences in 1st to 2nd semester retention for program completers with a 17-18 ACT as compared to non-program completers with a 19-20 ACT? (2) Are there differences in 1st to 2nd year retention for program completers with a 17-18 ACT as compared to non-program completers with a 19-20 ACT? (3) Are there differences in cumulative GPA for program completers with a 17-18 ACT as compared to non-program completers with a 19-20 ACT? Data for these research questions were collected from the school’s director of data management and imported into SPSS software for analysis. The findings of this study indicated students who completed the program, despite having lower composite ACT scores compared to program non-completers, were 15.8 times more likely to enroll in the next semester and 2.42 times more likely to enroll in the 2nd year compared to those who did not complete the program but had higher composite ACT scores. Additionally, program completers had significantly higher cumulative GPAs than did program non-completers. Based on the findings, this study should target other moderating factors that might contribute to student retention.

Ce mémoire présente des manœuvres de réorientation appliquées à un robot articulé et à un robot mobile en chute libre. Ces manœuvres, initialement inspirées du phénomène du chat qui atterrit toujours sur ses pattes, sont aussi attribuées à d'autres animaux, tels que certains reptiles et même les humains dans le contexte de certains sports. Les manœuvres de réorientation ont aussi des applications dans le domaine de la robotique. En effet, de tels manœuvres s'avèrent utiles pour le contrôle de pose d'atterrissage pour des robots susceptibles aux chutes, comme les robots sauteurs ou les robots de secours qui doivent être déployés dans des environnements dangereux et difficiles à parcourir. Dans cette optique, le travail présenté dans ce mémoire vise à développer et démontrer des manœuvres de réorientation permettant une réorientation rapide (redressement de 180 degrés -- le pire cas possible -- dans le temps d'une chute d'un mètre) et multiaxe. Tout d'abord, une architecture articulée ainsi que deux manœuvres de réorientation sont conçues afin d'atteindre les capacités de réorientation visées et les performances de cette architecture sont testées en simulation. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que l'architecture proposée est capable de se réorienter selon plusieurs axes, mais n'atteint pas les performances visées en termes de vitesse de réorientation. Par la suite, une architecture mobile omnidirectionnelle et compacte est conçue afin d'adresser les limitations de la première architecture. Un prototype de cette architecture est développé et permet d'effectuer une réorientation de 179 degrés selon son axe de tangage en 0.44 secondes tout en conservant sa capacité de se redresser selon plusieurs axes. Les performances de réorientation visées sont alors atteintes avec ce deuxième prototype. Enfin, une méthode de fusion de données par filtre de Kalman étendu servant à estimer l'orientation d'une plateforme en apesanteur est explicitée et est validée dans des conditions contrôlées. Ces résultats démontrent l'utilité de telles méthodes de fusion de données pour implémenter la planification automatique des manœuvres de réorientation dans les itérations futures du prototype développé. / This thesis explores the application of reorientation manoeuvres to an articulated and a mobile robot architecture. These manoeuvres are often attributed to cats that are said to always land on their feet, but have also been observed in other animals and used by humans in certain sports. However, these manoeuvres are more than just a curiosity and have seen some use in the field of robotics. Indeed, reorientation manoeuvres are used for orientation control in falling robots, such as rescue robots deployed in dangerous environments, and in jumping robots. With such applications in mind, this thesis aims to develop and demonstrate fast (180-degree reorientation about one axis -- the worst-case scenario -- within the time of a one-metre fall), multi-axis reorientation manoeuvres. Firstly, an articulated architecture, along with two different manoeuvres, are designed in order to attain the desired reorientation capabilities and are tested in simulated conditions. The results obtained show that, although multi-axis reorientation is achieved, the required motor torques to reach the desired reorientation speeds are not feasible for the proposed architecture. Secondly, an omnidirectional mobile robot architecture is designed to address the limitations of the first architecture. A prototype of this mobile architecture is developed and is used to demonstrate a reorientation of 179 degrees about the pitch axis in 0.44 seconds as well as a reorientation about multiple axes. Therefore, with this prototype, the desired reorientation capabilities are achieved. Finally, the use of sensor fusion methods based on extended Kalman filtering in the context of estimation of the orientation of a free-floating platform is studied. The results obtained from this study support the viability of using such methods for on-board trajectory planning in future iterations of the developed prototype.

Goal orientation is a construct that has been used to explain individuals' focus in achievement situations. Three subcomponents of this construct have been linked to a number of training-related processes and outcomes. Those higher on avoid performance goal orientation withdraw from situations in which they may appear incompetent to others. Those higher on prove performance goal orientation approach situations in which they can demonstrate their competence to others. Finally, those high on learning goal orientation approach situations in which they can continually grow and master new skills. Prior research has consistently found that effective learning strategies and outcomes are positively associated with learning goal orientation and negatively associated with avoid goal orientation. However, the findings with respect to prove goal orientation have been mixed. One possible reason for this is that the effect of prove goal orientation may be dependent on one's concurrent level of learning goal orientation. The present study investigated this notion using participants from an understudied population: unemployed adults. Specifically, data were collected from 188 unemployed females who participated in a training program designed to enhance basic work competencies necessary for most entry-level jobs. Results indicated that those higher on avoid performance goal orientation put forth less effort in voluntary practice activities took longer to complete the training program and learned less than those lower on avoid performance goal orientation. Additionally, prove performance goal orientation interacted with learning goal orientation to predict the amount of time spent practicing and learning. Theoretical and practical implications for training needs analysis, development, and assessment will be discussed.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Colleges and universities have a modern-day platform to convey their curricula and courses. The advent of online learning ignited a boom of eager learners who were enthusiastic to obtain degrees from their homes. This provided them the opportunity to seek self-betterment and study their interests while assuming other major roles. College administrators began to view distance education as an avenue to educate broader populations and extend the college mission, which, as a result, increased tuition dollars captured by the school. But, just as the distance student differs in how she or he accesses campus, the distance student needs different support and information. Many distance learning programs offer an orientation to online learning for their newlymitted students as a way to introduce them to campus, campus resources, and campus policies. The purpose of this study, which was guided by the theory of social constructivism, was to examine the impact of participation in an orientation to online learning on grade point average (GPA), the number of courses withdrawn from, and the number of courses completed with a C or higher. The study consists of a review of relevant literature on the topics of online learning and student support. This qualitative study utilized data gathered from the university’s Office of Institutional Research and Effectiveness (OIRE) for all students who were enrolled in the online master or doctoral level education degree programs from 2013-2015. Independent samples t-tests were conducted to determine if the mean differences in GPA, course withdrawal, and courses completed with a C or higher were significant between the control group (i.e., students who did not complete an orientation program) and the experimental group (i.e., students who completed an orientation program). The findings of this study did not indicate that having participated in an orientation to online learning program yielded a significant impact on GPA, course withdrawal, or course completed. However, because research on distance education (with an emphasis on support for distance students) is in its infancy, the researcher concludes that a change in orientation material and topics based upon best practices in online orientation may produce differing outcomes.

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