This thesis examines the posttreatment stability and relapse in long- and short-term studies. It attempts to identify potential predictors of relapse by specifically evaluating the stability and relapse associated with nonextraction treatment, extraction versus nonextraction treatment, and early versus late extraction treatment. It provides values for the percent relapse and rate of relapse of the parameters evaluated and compares the long-term and short-term studies in order to potentially provide information about the effectiveness or shortcomings of the various treatment types in maintaining a stable posttreatment outcome and about the progression of relapse over time. The results yielded the following findings. Among the significant posttreatment results, no parameter showed consistency in the posttreatment outcome with any specific treatment type. The parameters that were found to undergo the greatest percent relapse were the mandibular intercanine width, following by mandibular arch length, and mandibular interfirst molar width, while those with the highest rate of relapse were the mandibular intercanine width, following by the mandibular arch length, and the mandibular incisor irregularity. Overall, the long-term studies experienced greater percent relapse than the short-term studies. On the other hand, greater rates of relapse were noted in the short-term studies compared to the long-term studies. The rate of relapse was greater in the extraction patients compared to the nonextraction patients ( excluding the results for the overbite and the mandibular intersecond premolar width). In addition, both the percent relapse and rate of relapse were greater in the late extraction group compared to the early extraction group (excluding the mandibular intercanine width). In conclusion, the long-term versus short-term results suggest that relapse continues to occur several years postretention and suggests that greater relapse occurs soon after the end of the retention phase and gradually less as time passes. In addition, the rate of relapse results suggest that nonextraction treatment is more stable than extraction treatment. Lastly, the percent relapse and rate of relapse results suggest that early extraction treatment is more stable than late extraction treatment.

No description available.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / The aim of this research project was to assess the accuracy of four different types of VTO [Steyn (1979), Jacobson and Sadowsky (1980), Ricketts (1982) and Holdaway (1984)], in predicting the final result of the incisor and soft tissue response to orthodontic treatment in bimaxillary protrusive patients. / South Africa

<p>The aim of this research project was to assess the accuracy of four different types of VTO&rsquo / s, [Steyn (1979), Jacobson and Sadowsky (1980), Ricketts (1982) and Holdaway (1984)], in predicting the final result of the incisor and soft tissue response to orthodontic treatment in bimaxillary protrusive patients.</p>

<p>The aim of this research project was to assess the accuracy of four different types of VTO&rsquo / s, [Steyn (1979), Jacobson and Sadowsky (1980), Ricketts (1982) and Holdaway (1984)], in predicting the final result of the incisor and soft tissue response to orthodontic treatment in bimaxillary protrusive patients.</p>

Student Number : 0204056G - MD research report - School of Oral Health Science - Faculty of Health Sciences / Evaluating facial profiles and facial balance is a continuous learning process for orthodontists. Hence, the importance of studying the intermediate and long term effects of treatment on soft tissues cannot be overemphasized. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lip changes occuring in response to tooth movement, not only immediately post-treatment but also to following the long-term monitoring when cranio-facial growth has ceased. The lip changes were measured relative to the Burstone (B-line) line. The sample was taken from the records successfully treated orthodontic cases in the Department of Orthodontics at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. This sample comprised 18 Caucasoid females (14 extracttion, 4 non-extraction). Pre-treatment, post-treatment, and long term follow-up lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated. Statistical evaluation of the lips in the long term follow-up records revealed no statistically significant changes. The lips remained, relatively, in a similar position to that which had been attained immediately post-treatment. This was the case for both the extraction and non-extraction groups. The general lack of consistency in post-treatment correlations between dental variables and the soft tissue form supports the hypothesis that the soft tissues, having their own inherent architecture, respond independently. This varied response to tooth movement makes lip movement difficult to predict on a reliable basis. The concept that is better to finish the cases slightly more protrusive because the lips tend to lose elasticity with age and, as a result, become more retrusive, is therfore supported by these observations.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs in a sample of 12-year-old South African school children using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), and to assess the relationship between malocclusion and certain socio-demographic variables. The sample comprised 6142, 12-year-old children attending school in seven of the nine provinces of South Africa. For each subject the standard demographic information such as gender, population group, location type and employment status of the parents were collected, after which an intra-oral examination for occlusal status using the DAI was performed. The results showed that 47.7 per cent of the children in the sample presented with good occlusion or minor malocclusion, just over 52.1 per cent presented with identifiable malocclusion, a DAI score larger than 26. Of these, 21.2 per cent had definite malocclusion, 14.12 per cent had severe malocclusion and 16.89 per cent had very severe or handicapping malocclusion. Malocclusion as defined in this study was found to be significantly associated with the different provinces, the different population groups in South Africa, gender and dentition stage, but not with the location type or the employment status of parents. The results of the individual variables showed that anterior maxillary and mandibular irregularity occurred in more than 50 per cent of the sample. More than 40 per cent of the children examined showed signs of crowding. Spacing in the incisal segments occurred in almost 28 per cent of the sample and maxillary midline diastema was present in 16.66 per cent of the sample. At the age of 12 years, Black children, showed a higher prevalence of maxillary midline diastema, larger than 2mm, than their White, Coloured and Asian counterparts. A maxillary midline diastema, larger than 2mm, was more prevalent in 12-year-old females than in males. Thirty one per cent of the sample had an increased overjet larger than 3mm and a severe overjet of 6mm or more occurred in only 2.18 per cent of the sample. More Black 12-year-old children presented with an edge-to-edge anterior relationship and significantly less Black children had an increased overjet. Mandibular overjet affected only 10.43 per cent of the sample and was more prevalent in the late mixed dentition stage than in the early permanent dentition stage. Anterior openbite occurred in 7.7 per cent of the sample and ranged from 1mm to 8mm. Almost 44 per cent of the sample had a antero-posterior molar relation discrepancy. The results of this study indicated a high prevalence of malocclusion in 12-year-old South African children. The findings provide reliable base-line data regarding the prevalence, distribution and severity of malocclusion as well as useful epidemiological data on the orthodontic treatment needs of 12-year-old children in selected rural and urban areas in South Africa. The inclusion of occlusal traits as part of the index provided an opportunity to assess several occlusal characteristics in 12-year-old South African children, separately. / Thesis (MChD (Orthodontics))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Orthodontics / unrestricted

La ortodoncia osteogénica periodontalmente acelerada es un procedimiento indicado para minimizar el tiempo de tratamiento ortodóncico brindando una alternativa de tratamiento a pacientes periodontalmente comprometidos, con presencia de reabsorciones radiculares, periodonto reducido, entre otros. Los problemas periodontales no diagnosticados pueden ser agravados durante el tratamiento ortodóncico y dependiendo de su severidad, pueden requerir un tratamiento previo. El objetivo de este reporte es presentar el caso de una paciente con maloclusión Clase I con apiñamiento y recesión gingival, tratada con injerto conectivo de tejido libre, corticotomía con injerto óseo y técnica de arco recto prescripción CCO. Finalmente, se puede concluir que el manejo interdisciplinario es importante para el correcto diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes. La ortodoncia osteogénica periodontalmente acelerada es una alternativa viable que reduce el tiempo de tratamiento ortodóncico y mantiene o mejorá la condición periodontal de los pacientes. / Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics is a procedure indicated to reduce the time of orthodontic treatment by giving an alternative treatment to periodontally compromised patients, with presence of root resorption, reduced periodontium, among others. Undiagnosed periodontal problems can be aggravated during orthodontic treatment and, depending on their severity, may require prior treatment. The objective of this report is to present the case of a patient with Class I malocclusion with crowding and gingival recession, treated with free tissue connective graft, corticotomy with bone graft and CCO Straighwire prescription technique. Finally, it can be concluded that interdisciplinary management is important for the correct diagnosis and treatment of patients. Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics is a viable alternative that reduces the time of orthodontic treatment and maintains or improves the periodontal condition of patients. / Trabajo académico

A proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar em pacientes portadores de Periodontite Agressiva (PA) os parâmetros clínicos periodontais antes da movimentação ortodôntica, imediatamente após seu término e quatro meses após seu término. Participaram do estudo vinte pacientes dos gêneros masculino e feminino, não fumantes, divididos em dois grupos (Grupo Teste -10 pacientes portadores de PA; Grupo Controle 10 pacientes periodontalmente saudáveis). Todos pacientes receberam movimentação ortodôntica sob rigoroso controle mecânico do biofilme realizado bimestralmente durante todo o tratamento ortodôntico. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros clínicos: profundidade clínica de sondagem, junção esmalte cemento margem gengival, nível clinico de inserção, sangramento a sondagem e índice de placa bacteriana. Estes parâmetros foram mensurados por um único examinador cegado e calibrado, em três momentos (pré-ortodontia; pós-ortodontia; pós 4 meses da ortodontia) Após análise estatística (p<0,05), houve redução significativa para SS e IP apenas para o grupo teste. Na medição de 4 meses após ortodontia, os pacientes do grupo teste apresentaram melhoras significativas para os parâmetros PCS, JEC-MG e NCI. No grupo controle, a melhora estatisticamente significativa somente não ocorreu no parâmetro JEC-MG. Para ambos os grupos, nos molares, observamos melhora significativa do NCI em função da redução da PCS. Nos pré molares o mesmo ocorreu, porém, somente para o grupo teste. Nos caninos não foram observadas alterações para nenhum parâmetro em nenhum dos grupos. Nos incisivos houve melhora estatisticamente significativa no NCI, em função da melhora do parâmetro JEC-MG. Esta melhora ocorreu somente no grupo teste. Frente à metodologia empregada neste trabalho, podemos concluir que a movimentação ortodôntica em pacientes portadores de Periodontite Agressiva é possível e que não altera clinicamente os parâmetros clínicos periodontais desde que exista um ótimo controle do biofilme bacteriano e ausência dos sinais clínicos de inflamação. / The aim of this research was to evaluate periodontal clinical parameters in orthodontically treated patients with aggressive periodontitis. Twenty subjects of both genders, non-smokers, where divided in group Test (10 patients with aggressive periodontitis) and control (10 periodontally healthy subjects). All individuals were submitted to orthodontic treatment, under strict biofilm control every 2 months during the entire duration of the treatment. The following clinical paramenters were assessed: pocket depth; gingival recession, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and dental plaque index. All clinical parameters were monitored before orthodontic treatment (baseline), immediately after the completion of the orthodontic movimentation, and 4 months post-treatment by a masked calibrated single examiner. Statistical analysis disclosed a significant (p<0,05) reduction of bleeding on probing and plaque index for the test group only. The overall probing depth, gingival recession and attachment level improved for the test group at the 4 months post-treatment examination. For the control group the only parameter which did not show any improvement was the gingival recession. In both groups there was a significant improvement in the clinical attachment level due to the reduction in pocket depth, for the molar teeth. The same improvement was observed in the bicuspids, but only in the test group. There were no changes in any of the paramenters for the cuspids, both for the test and the control subjects. The incisors presented a statistically significant improvement in the clinical attachment level, due to an improvement in the gingival recession paramenter. This improvement was only observed in the test group as well. In light of the above, it was concluded that orthodontic movement in aggressive periodontitis patients is not only possible, but it is not harmfull for the periodontium as long as there is an optimal dental plaque control and an absence of clinical signs of inflammation.

Tendo em vista a imprevisibilidade da estabilidade oclusal pós correção ortodôntica, este estudo objetivou correlacionar a recidiva da sobremordida e da sobressaliência com a recidiva do apinhamento ântero-superior e ântero-inferior, em casos com má oclusão de Classe I e Classe II de Angle, tratados ortodonticamente com extração de 4 pré-molares, tratados pela técnica Edgewise. Para isso, foram selecionados 40 pacientes (20 do gênero feminino e 20 do gênero masculino), 25 pacientes portadores de má oclusão de Classe I e 15 de Classe II de Angle, com idade média inicial de 13,01 anos, que foram tratados por um tempo médio de 2,15 anos, e avaliados na fase pós-contenção após um período médio de 5,43 anos. Todos os pacientes apresentavam pelo menos 3 mm de sobremordida e 4mm de sobressaliência ao início do tratamento ortodôntico. Foram utilizados os modelos de gesso das fases do início do tratamento (T1), final de tratamento (T2) e da fase pós-contenção, em média 5 anos após o término do tratamento (T3) de todos os casos selecionados para que fossem quantificadas as recidivas dessas duas variáveis, assim como a recidiva do apinhamento anterior. Utilizou-se a análise de variância a um critério de seleção, e em caso de resultado significante, o teste de Tukey, para comparação intragrupos dos 3 tempos avaliados. Para verificação da presença de correlação entre a recidiva da sobressaliência e da sobremordida, com o apinhamento anterior, utilizou-se o teste de correlação de Pearson. A comparação intergrupos foi realizada por meio do teste t independente. Os resultados mostraram que houve uma correção significante do trespasse horizontal, vertical e apinhamento com o tratamento. Não houve uma recidiva significante do trespasse horizontal, vertical e do apinhamento ântero-superior no período pós-contenção, ao contrário do apinhamento ântero-inferior, que apresentou uma recidiva significante. Houve correlação significante da recidiva do trespasse horizontal com a recidiva do trespasse vertical. Não houve correlação significante entre a recidiva do trespasse horizontal e a recidiva do apinhamento anterior. Não houve correlação entre a recidiva do trespasse vertical e a recidiva do apinhamento anterior, assim como também não houve correlação entre a recidiva do apinhamento ântero-inferior e ântero-superior. Houve diferença intergrupos apenas para o apinhamento ântero-inferior ao início do tratamento, que foi maior no grupo Classe I, que apresentou também uma maior correção com o tratamento e um maior apinhamento na fase pós-contenção. / Due to the unpredictability of the occlusal stability after orthodontic correction, this study aimed to correlate the relapse of overbite and overjet with the relapse of maxillary and mandibular anterior crowding, in cases of Class I and Class II malocclusions, treated orthodontically with four premolars extraction and Edgewise technique. For this, 40 patients were selected (20 females and 20 males), 25 patients with Class I malocclusion and 15 with Class II, with initial age of 13.01 years, which were treated for a mean period of 2.15 years, and evaluated postretention after a mean period of 5.43 years. All patients had at least 3mm of overbite and 4mm of overjet at the beginning of orthodontic treatment. The dental casts from pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2) and postretention, on average 5 years after completion of treatment (T3), were used. It was used the one-way ANOVA, and in case of a significant result, Tukey\'s tests were used for intragroup comparison of the three times evaluated. To verify the presence of correlation between the relapse of overjet and overbite, with the relapse of anterior crowding, the Pearsons correlation test was used. Intergroup comparison was performed with independent t tests. The results showed a significant correction of the overjet, overbite and crowding during treatment. There was not a significant postretention relapse of overjet, overbite and crowding of the maxillary anterior segment, unlike the mandibular anterior crowding, which presented a significant relapse. There was a significant correlation of relapse of the overjet with the relapse of the overbite. No significant correlation between relapse of overjet and relapse of anterior crowding. There was no correlation between relapse of the overbite and relapse of anterior crowding, and there was also no correlation between mandibular anterior crowding relapse and maxillary anterior crowding relapse. There were differences between groups only for the mandibular crowding at pretreatment, which was higher in Class I, which also showed a larger correction with treatment and greater relapse of this crowding in the postretention.