GMPLS is a still developing protocol family which is indented to assume the role of a control plane in transport networks. GMPLS is designed to provide traffic engineering in transport networks composed of different network technologies such as wavelength switched optical networks, Ethernet networks, point-to-point microwave links, etc. Integrating the different network technologies while using label switched paths to provide traffic engineering poses a challenge. The purpose of integrating multiple technologies under a single GMPLS control plane is to enable rapid service provisioning and efficient traffic engineering. Traffic engineering in networks provides two primary advantages, network resource utilization optimization and the ability to provide Quality of Service. Utilizing network resources more efficiently translates to lower expenditures for the network provider. Quality of Service can be used to provide the customer with for example guaranteed minimum bandwidth packet services. Specifically this thesis focused on the problems of signaling and establishing Forward Adjacency Label Switched Paths (FA-LSPs), and on a experimental method of connecting different network technologies. A testbed integrating an Ethernet network and a wave length division multiplexing network was used to show that the proposed solutions can work in practice. / GMPLS består av en samling protokoll under utveckling, de är tänkta att anta rollen som kontrollplan i transportnätverk. GMPLS är designat för att tillhandahålla trafikplanering i transportnätverk bestående av flera olika nätverksteknologier såsom Ethernet, våglängds switchande nätverk m.fl. Integration av dessa olika nätverksteknologier under ett gemensamt kontrollplan och uppsättning av ”label switched paths” i dataplanet är en utmaning. Syftet med att integrera multipla teknologier under ett ensamt GMPLS kontroll plan är att snabbt kunna tillhandahålla tjänster över nätverket samt möjliggöra advancerad trafikplanering. Trafikplanering i nätverk ger två stora fördelar, optimering av utnyttjandet av nätverksresurser samt ökade möjligheter att erbjuda ”Quality of Service” till kunder. Bättre utnyttjande av nätverksresurser innebär lägre kostnader för nätverksleverantören medans ”Quality of Service” kan ge kunden t.ex. en garanterad bandbredd. Specifikt fokuserar denna avhandling på problemen med att signalera och etablera ”Forwarding Adjaceny Label Switched Paths” samt en experimentell metod som båda sammankopplar olika typer av nätverk. En testbed bestående av ett Ethernet nätverk samt ett optiskt våglängdsswitchande nätverk användes för att visa att lösningarna kan fungera i praktiken.

Orientador: Mauricio Ferreira Magalhães / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T01:20:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zuliani_LuizGustavo_M.pdf: 512812 bytes, checksum: cab94937633f70467669b12635e8ccb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Redes totalmente ópticas (fotônicas) controladas por GMPLS (Generalized MultiProtocol Label Switching) são a promessa para lidar com o crescente volume de tráfego IP. Os protocolos de sinalização e roteamento GMPLS, principalmente OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) e RSVP (Resource ReSerVation Protocol), trabalham de tal modo que o cálculo da rota para circuitos ópticos não considera a disponibilidade de comprimentos de onda (labels). Esta solução não é ótima em termos do uso de recursos de rede e da probabilidade de bloqueio de novos circuitos. Para aprimorar este quadro, algoritmos RWA (Routing and Wavelength Assignment) mais eficientes poderiam ser usados para calcular a rota e o comprimento de onda simultaneamente. Estes algoritmos RWA necessitam conhecer a topologia óptica de um modo ainda não descrito pelas atuais especificações do protocolo OSPF. Esta dissertação propõe extensões de Engenharia de Tráfego para o protocolo OSPF para permitir que o plano de controle GMPLS se beneficie do uso de algoritmos RWA mais eficientes. Um protótipo foi desenvolvido e instalado em uma rede óptica emulada para verificar a praticabilidade da solução proposta baseado na sobrecarga de tráfego gerado no plano de controle / Abstract: GMPLS-controlled all-optical networks are the promise to handle the increasing volume of IP traffic. The GMPLS routing and signaling protocols, mainly OSPF and RSVP, work in such a way that the route calculation for optical circuits does not take into account the wavelength (label) availability. This is not optimal in terms of network resources usage and blocking probability of new circuits. To deal with this scenario, more efficient RWA algorithms could be used to calculate the route and the wavelength assignment at one time. These RWA engines need to know the optical topology in a way that is not described by current OSPF standards. This dissertation proposes Traffic Engineering extensions to the OSPF protocol to enable the GMPLS control plane to take advantage of the most effective RWA classes. A prototype was developed and deployed in an optical-emulated copper-based network to verify its feasibility based on the bandwidth overhead generated in the control plane / Mestrado / Engenharia de Computação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Les réseaux optiques dynamiques et flexibles font partie des scénarios d'évolution des réseaux de transport optique. Ceux-ci formeront la base de la nouvelle génération des réseaux optiques de demain et permettront le déploiement efficace des services tel que le Cloud Computing. Cette évolution est destinée à apporter flexibilité et automatisation à la couche optique, mais s'accompagne d'une complexité supplémentaire, notamment au niveau de la gestion et de la commande de cette toute nouvelle génération de réseau. Jusqu'à récemment, les protocoles de routage et de signalisation normalisés ont pris en compte plusieurs paramètres physiques tels que l'information spectrale de la bande passante, le format de modulation, et la régénération optique. Cependant, d'autres paramètres sont encore nécessaires (par exemple, les puissances optiques des liens, le gain des amplificateurs) afin de faire fonctionner efficacement de grands réseaux. Dans ce contexte, il y a un besoin d'étudier les réseaux optiques existants ainsi que les différentes méthodes de prise en compte de la couche photonique dans le plan de contrôle. Le but est d'avoir un réseau optique automatique, flexible et programmable, mais surtout efficace de point de vue économique et opérationnel. L'utilisation de la technologie à grille flexible a un impact sur les réseaux optiques existants, où presque tous les équipements devront être remplacés, ce qui entraînera un coût additionnel pour les opérateurs. Dans ce travail, nous étudions les réseaux optiques actuels et évaluons l'impact de la flexibilité sur les infrastructures existantes. Ensuite, nous identifions plusieurs paramètres optiques à contrôler et proposons des extensions protocolaires afin d'intégrer ces paramètres dans un plan de contrôle GMPLS. De plus, nous développons les algorithmes de routage et de signalisation qui permettent la mise en œuvre d'un plan de contrôle efficace qui répond au besoin de la flexibilité. Enfin, l'ensemble de nos propositions et de nos solutions sont évaluées sur plusieurs topologies réseaux avec des modèles de trafic différents dans le but de valider leur pertinence. / Dynamic and flexible optical networks are among the evolution scenarios of the optical transport networks. These form the basis of the new generation of optical networks of tomorrow and enable the effective deployment of services such as cloud computing. This evolution is intended to provide flexibility and automation to the optical layer. However, it results in additional complexity, particularly in terms of the management and control of this new network generation. Until recently, the standardized routing and signaling protocols have been taking into account several optical parameters like the spectral bandwidth information, modulation format, and optical regeneration. However, other parameters (e.g., link optical powers, gain of optical amplifiers) are still required in order to efficiently operate large optical networks. In this context, there is a need to study the existing optical networks and the different integration methods of the photonic layer in a control plane. The goal is to get an automatic optical network that is flexible, programmable, and at the same time efficient from an economical and operational perspective. The use of flexible grid technology has an impact on existing optical networks, where almost all the equipment must be replaced, resulting in an additional cost to network operators. In this work, we study the current optical networks and evaluate the impact of flexibility on the existing infrastructures. Then, we identify several physical parameters to be controlled and propose protocol extensions in order to integrate these parameters in the GMPLS control plane. In addition, we develop the routing and signaling algorithms that allow the implementation of an efficient control plane that addresses the need for flexibility. Finally, the set of our proposals and solutions are evaluated on multiple network topologies with different traffic patterns in order to validate their relevance.

The notions of "network embedded cloud", also known as a "network enabled cloud" or a "carrier cloud", is an emerging technology trend aiming to integrate network services while exploiting the on-demand nature of the cloud paradigm. A network embedded cloud is a distributed cloud environment where data centers are distributed at the edge of the operator's network. Distributing data centers or computing resources across the network introduces topological and geographical locality dependency. In the case of a network enabled cloud, in addition to the information regarding available processing, memory, and storage capacity, resource management requires information regarding the network's topology and available bandwidth on the links connecting the different nodes of the distributed cloud. This thesis project designed, implemented, and evaluated the use of open shortest path first with traffic engineering (OSPF-TE) for propagating the resource status in a network enabled cloud. The information carried over OSPF-TE are used for network-aware scheduling of virtual machines. In particular, OSPF-TE was extended to convey virtualization and processing related information to all the nodes in the network enabled cloud. Modeling, emulation, and analysis shows the proposed solution can provide the required data to a cloud management system by sending a data center's resources information in the form of new opaque link-state advertisement with a minimum interval of 5 seconds. In this case, each embedded data centers injects a maximum 38.4 bytes per second of additional traffic in to the network.<p> / Ett "network embedded cloud", även känt som ett "network enabled cloud" eller ett "carrier cloud", är en ny teknik trend som syftar till att tillhandahålla nätverkstjänster medan on-demand egenskapen av moln-paradigmet utnyttjas.  Traditionella telekommunikationsapplikationer bygger ofta på en distributed service model och kan använda ett "network enabled cloud" som dess exekverande plattform. Dock kommer sådana inbäddade servrar av naturliga skäl vara geografiskt utspridda, varför de är beroende av topologisk och geografisk lokalisering. Detta ändrar på resurshanteringsproblemet jämfört med resurshantering i datacentrum. I de fall med ett network enabled cloud, utöver informationen om tillgängliga CPU, RAM och lagring, behöver resursfördelningsfunktionen information om nätverkets topologi och tillgänglig bandbredd på länkarna som förbinder de olika noderna i det distribuerade molnet. Detta examensarbete har utformat, tillämpat och utvärderat ett experiment-orienterad undersökning av användningen av open shortest path first med traffich engineering (OSPF-TE) för resurshantering i det network enabled cloud. I synnerhet utvidgades OSPF-TE till att förmedla virtualisering och behandla relaterad information till alla noder i nätverket. Detta examensarbete utvärderar genomförbarheten och lämpligheten av denna metod, dess flexibilitet och prestanda. Analysen visade att den föreslagna lösningen kan förse nödvändiga uppgifter till cloud management system genom att skicka ett datacenters resursinformation i form av ny opaque LSA (kallat Cloud LSA) med ett minimumintervall av 5 sekunder och maximal nätverksbelastning av 38,4 byte per sekund per inbäddade data center.

In recent years, IP based end-to-end services have grown in popularity. Efficiently meeting the user demand for such services, different techniques for traffic engineering transport networks have been developed. One such technique, currently being developed for multilayered networks, is Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS). GMPLS is a necessary networking technique because provisioning end-to-end services will today, and in the foreseeable future, very likely require the co-operation of multiple network layers. Here, the readiness of GMPLS for optical networks is investigated by reviewing the current support for optical networking components in the GMPLS standard documents. Based on this investigation, a candidate solution for routing and constraint-based path computation in optical network segments has been derived. This candidate solution is shown to efficiently handle the additional attributes and constraints inherent in optical networking components. / De senaste åren har IP-baserade tjänster ökat i popularitet. För att effektivt möta de användarkrav som ställs på sådana tjänster har olika tekniker för att styra transportnätverk utvecklats. En sådan teknik, nu under utveckling för multi-lagrade nätverk, är GMPLS. GMPLS är en nödvändig nätverksteknik eftersom tillhandahållandet av sluttjänster mellan olika användare idag, och inom en överskådlig framtid, mycket sannolikt kommer att kräva samarbete mellan flera nätverkslager. Här undersöks GMPLS färdighet i optiska nätverk genom att se över det nuvarande stödet för optiska nätverkskomponenter i GMPLS standarddokument. Baserat på denna undersökning har en kandidatlösning för routing och begränsad vägberäkning i optiska nätverkssegment tagits fram. Denna kandidatlösning visas effektivt hantera de ytterligare attribut och restriktioner som existerar i optiska nätverkskomponenter.