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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Screen Designed for Imaging Problem From Defocus Lens

Huang, Ching-lun 23 August 2010 (has links)
In the imaging system, a blurred defocus image is a common problem. This is because different objects in the scene need different focus for imaging clearly. Background¡¦s focus distance is different to the objects. However, we can only have one focus distance in one picture. Therefore, the images of the other objects in different focus distance would be blurred by the faulty focuses. We solve the above defocus problem by wave front coding. Wave front coding is a technique that adds a phase mask in front of the lens, changing the image performance. In this thesis, we used a ring phase screen, computed accordingly its optical transfer function and then simulated the resulting images. We compared with other phase screens provided by other researchers for different defocus situations. From our simulated images and OTF results, our ring phase pupil is slightly superior.
2

Diffraction and geometrical optical transfer functions: calculation time comparison

Díaz, José Antonio, Mahajan, Virendra N. 23 August 2017 (has links)
In a recent paper, we compared the diffraction and geometrical optical transfer functions (OTFs) of an optical imaging system, and showed that the GOTF approximates the DOTF within 10% when a primary aberration is about two waves or larger [Appl. Opt., 55, 3241-3250 (2016)]. In this paper, we determine and compare the times to calculate the DOTF by autocorrelation or digital autocorrelation of the pupil function, and by a Fourier transform (FT) of the point-spread function (PSF); and the GOTF by a FT of the geometrical PSF and its approximation, the spot diagram. Our starting point for calculating the DOTF is the wave aberrations of the system in its pupil plane, and the ray aberrations in the image plane for the GOTF. The numerical results for primary aberrations and a typical imaging system show that the direct integrations are slow, but the calculation of the DOTF by a FT of the PSF is generally faster than the GOTF calculation by a FT of the spot diagram.
3

Ring-opening of cycloalkane epoxides and aziridines with aromatic amines : toward the total synthesis of pactamycin

Zhang, Jianbin 09 1900 (has links)
Résumé Cette thèse consiste en trois thèmes résumés dans les paragraphes ci-dessous. L’influence de différents groupements protecteurs du groupe hydroxyle lors des réactions d’ouverture des cis- et trans- 3-hydroxy-1,2-époxycycloalcanes a été étudiée. Il a été montré que Yb(OTf)3 constituait un catalyseur doux pour l’ouverture régiosélective de cycles afin d’obtenir les -anilino cycloalcanols correspondants avec de bons rendements. Le chauffage du milieu réactionnel dans le toluène comme solvant a permis d’augmenter la cinétique de la réaction, au dépend du rendement. La partie aniline a été régiosélectivement introduite en position vicinale du groupe hydroxyle ou éther afin d’obtenir un unique régioisomère. La même tendance a été observée avec les époxydes du 3-azidocyclohex-1-ène et du 3-carbamate correspondant. Le temps de réaction a été réduit lorsque Yb(OTf)3 a été dissous dans l’acétonitrile. Le triflate d’ytterbium (III) a également été utilisé comme catalyseur pour l’ouverture de cycle régiosélective d’aziridines non-activées sur des cyclohexanes portant des substituants azotures ou éthers de benzyle. L’ion azoture ou l’aniline forment les produits trans correspondants, donnant alors accès à des diamines vicinales avec de bons rendements. Un éther ω-alcoxy p-méthoxybenzylique racémique, inhibiteur de HDAC, a été ainsi préparé en huit étapes synthétiques (rendement total de 26%) à partir du 1-((tert-butyldiphénylsilyl)oxy)hept-6-èn-2-ol. Ceci représente un progrès par rapport à la précédente méthode (9 étapes, rendement total de 16%). La métathèse croisée se montre particulièrement efficace et pratique dans cette stratégie et l’alkylation par le trichloroacétimidate de p-méthoxybenzyle en présence de Sc(OTf)3 améliore le rendement global de la synthèse. Un aminoalcool présent dans la pactamycine et contenant le squelette carboné, les groupements fonctionnels et la stéréochimie requise a été synthétisé en 27 étapes à partir de la L-thréonine. La méthodologie décrite dans cette thèse permet la synthèse de cet intermédiaire clé à l’échelle multigramme. / Abstract Ring-opening reactions of epoxides and aziridines have been extensively studied. The influence of different protecting groups on the hydroxyl group in the ring-opening reactions of cis- and trans- 3-hydroxy-1,2-cycloalkane epoxides with aromatic amines was studied. It was shown that Yb(OTf)3 in toluene was a mild catalyst for regioselective ring-opening, to give -anilino cycloalkanols in good yields. Heating the reaction mixture accelerated the rate of the reaction, albeit at the expense of yield. The aniline moiety was regioselectively added at the carbon furthest from the hydroxyl or ether group to yield a single regioisomer. The same trend was also observed with 3-azidocyclohex-1-ene epoxides and the corresponding 3-carbamates. The reaction time became shorter when acetonitrile was used as solvent, possibly due to the homogeneous medium. Ytterbium(III) triflate has also been used as the catalyst for the regioselective ring-opening of unactivated aziridines in cyclohexanes having an azide or benzyl ether substituent. Azide ion or aniline forms the corresponding trans-products giving access to vicinal diamines in good yields. A racemic ω-alkoxy p-methoxy benzyl ether HDAC inhibitor has been prepared in 8 synthetic steps (26% overall yield) from 1-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)hept-6-en-2-ol. This is an improvement over the published method (9 steps, 16% overall yield). The cross-metathesis method proved to be efficient and practical in this strategy, and alkylation using p-methoxybenzyl trichloroacetimidate in the presence of Sc(OTf)3 improved the overall yield of the synthesis. An amino alcohol that contains all the core carbons, functional groups and the required stereochemistry present in pactamycin was obtained starting from L-threonine over 27 steps. The methodology described in this thesis allows for a synthesis of this key intermediate on a multigram scale.
4

Ring-opening of cycloalkane epoxides and aziridines with aromatic amines : toward the total synthesis of pactamycin

Zhang, Jianbin 09 1900 (has links)
Résumé Cette thèse consiste en trois thèmes résumés dans les paragraphes ci-dessous. L’influence de différents groupements protecteurs du groupe hydroxyle lors des réactions d’ouverture des cis- et trans- 3-hydroxy-1,2-époxycycloalcanes a été étudiée. Il a été montré que Yb(OTf)3 constituait un catalyseur doux pour l’ouverture régiosélective de cycles afin d’obtenir les -anilino cycloalcanols correspondants avec de bons rendements. Le chauffage du milieu réactionnel dans le toluène comme solvant a permis d’augmenter la cinétique de la réaction, au dépend du rendement. La partie aniline a été régiosélectivement introduite en position vicinale du groupe hydroxyle ou éther afin d’obtenir un unique régioisomère. La même tendance a été observée avec les époxydes du 3-azidocyclohex-1-ène et du 3-carbamate correspondant. Le temps de réaction a été réduit lorsque Yb(OTf)3 a été dissous dans l’acétonitrile. Le triflate d’ytterbium (III) a également été utilisé comme catalyseur pour l’ouverture de cycle régiosélective d’aziridines non-activées sur des cyclohexanes portant des substituants azotures ou éthers de benzyle. L’ion azoture ou l’aniline forment les produits trans correspondants, donnant alors accès à des diamines vicinales avec de bons rendements. Un éther ω-alcoxy p-méthoxybenzylique racémique, inhibiteur de HDAC, a été ainsi préparé en huit étapes synthétiques (rendement total de 26%) à partir du 1-((tert-butyldiphénylsilyl)oxy)hept-6-èn-2-ol. Ceci représente un progrès par rapport à la précédente méthode (9 étapes, rendement total de 16%). La métathèse croisée se montre particulièrement efficace et pratique dans cette stratégie et l’alkylation par le trichloroacétimidate de p-méthoxybenzyle en présence de Sc(OTf)3 améliore le rendement global de la synthèse. Un aminoalcool présent dans la pactamycine et contenant le squelette carboné, les groupements fonctionnels et la stéréochimie requise a été synthétisé en 27 étapes à partir de la L-thréonine. La méthodologie décrite dans cette thèse permet la synthèse de cet intermédiaire clé à l’échelle multigramme. / Abstract Ring-opening reactions of epoxides and aziridines have been extensively studied. The influence of different protecting groups on the hydroxyl group in the ring-opening reactions of cis- and trans- 3-hydroxy-1,2-cycloalkane epoxides with aromatic amines was studied. It was shown that Yb(OTf)3 in toluene was a mild catalyst for regioselective ring-opening, to give -anilino cycloalkanols in good yields. Heating the reaction mixture accelerated the rate of the reaction, albeit at the expense of yield. The aniline moiety was regioselectively added at the carbon furthest from the hydroxyl or ether group to yield a single regioisomer. The same trend was also observed with 3-azidocyclohex-1-ene epoxides and the corresponding 3-carbamates. The reaction time became shorter when acetonitrile was used as solvent, possibly due to the homogeneous medium. Ytterbium(III) triflate has also been used as the catalyst for the regioselective ring-opening of unactivated aziridines in cyclohexanes having an azide or benzyl ether substituent. Azide ion or aniline forms the corresponding trans-products giving access to vicinal diamines in good yields. A racemic ω-alkoxy p-methoxy benzyl ether HDAC inhibitor has been prepared in 8 synthetic steps (26% overall yield) from 1-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)hept-6-en-2-ol. This is an improvement over the published method (9 steps, 16% overall yield). The cross-metathesis method proved to be efficient and practical in this strategy, and alkylation using p-methoxybenzyl trichloroacetimidate in the presence of Sc(OTf)3 improved the overall yield of the synthesis. An amino alcohol that contains all the core carbons, functional groups and the required stereochemistry present in pactamycin was obtained starting from L-threonine over 27 steps. The methodology described in this thesis allows for a synthesis of this key intermediate on a multigram scale.
5

Efficient Algorithms for Finite Fields, with Applications in Elliptic Curve Cryptography

Baktir, Selcuk 01 May 2003 (has links)
This thesis introduces a new tower field representation, optimal tower fields (OTFs), that facilitates efficient finite field operations. The recursive direct inversion method presented for OTFs has significantly lower complexity than the known best method for inversion in optimal extension fields (OEFs), i.e., Itoh-Tsujii's inversion technique. The complexity of OTF inversion algorithm is shown to be O(m^2), significantly better than that of the Itoh-Tsujii algorithm, i.e. O(m^2(log_2 m)). This complexity is further improved to O(m^(log_2 3)) by utilizing the Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm. In addition, it is shown that OTFs are in fact a special class of OEFs and OTF elements may be converted to OEF representation via a simple permutation of the coefficients. Hence, OTF operations may be utilized to achieve the OEF arithmetic operations whenever a corresponding OTF representation exists. While the original OTF multiplication and squaring operations require slightly more additions than their OEF counterparts, due to the free conversion, both OTF operations may be achieved with the complexity of OEF operations. Furthermore, efficient finite field algorithms are introduced which significantly improve OTF multiplication and squaring operations. The OTF inversion algorithm was implemented on the ARM family of processors for a medium and a large sized field whose elements can be represented with 192 and 320 bits, respectively. In the implementation, the new OTF inversion algorithm ran at least six to eight times faster than the known best method for inversion in OEFs, i.e., Itoh-Tsujii inversion technique. According to the implementation results obtained, it is indicated that using the OTF inversion method an elliptic curve scalar point multiplication operation can be performed at least two to three times faster than the known best implementation for the selected fields.

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