Purpose: The primary purpose of this research study was to assess the degree of agreement between simple anthropometric measurements (i.e. body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio) and the measures of regional adiposity, with a primary focus on the androidlgynoid ratio, assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This secondary purpose of the study was to identify any significant correlations between the measures of regional adiposity, physical activity, and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Forty-eight subjects, 19 males (48.7 ± 16.9 years) and 29 females (43.6 ± 16.2 years), volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects underwent laboratory testing compromised of resting blood pressure, blood lipid analysis, waist & hip circumference, total body DXA scan, and a one week physical activity assessment. Results: Significant correlations were observed between body mass index and region body fat % (r = 0.84, 0.79), waist circumference and android fat % (r = 0.79, 0.75), and waist-to-hip ratio and androidlgynoid ratio (r = 0.72, 0.61) for men and women, respectively. Fasting insulin was correlated with region body fat %, android body fat %, trunk body fat %, and the android/gynoid ratio. The android/gynoid ratio was correlated with high density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and fasting glucose. There was a statistically significant negative relationship observed between average steps per day and body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, region body fat %, android body fat %, and trunk body fat %. Conclusions: This study found that there are strong relationships between simple anthropometric measures and regional body fat measures from the DXA. According to the data in the present study, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio provide simple yet sensitive methods for the estimation of regional body fat in Caucasian males and females. In addition, this study found significant correlations between measures of the blood lipid profile, physical activity, and both simple anthropometric and DXA measures of regional body fat. Key words: android fat, body mass index, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, gynoid fat, obesity, waist circumference. / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provides accurate measurements of percent body fat (%BF) and lean body mass (LBM), however no reference standards currently exist using DXA-derived data. This study’s purpose was to develop reference data sets for DXA-derived %BF and LBM, and to characterize the agreement of obesity classifications between BMI (≥30 kg/m2) and %BF (≥25% for men and ≥30% for women). 2,761 subjects were scanned from 2003-2013 using either the GE Medical Systems Lunar Prodigy or Lunar iDXA. Normative reference tables displaying mean values and select percentiles were created for %BF and LBM across defined age groups for both genders. Mean %BF and LBM closely reflected data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey across age groups in both genders. Agreements between BMI and %BF were 97% when identified as obese and 33% when identified as non-obese. Future research should consider creating a national registry for DXA-derived measurements. / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

Binge-eating disorder (BED) was first included as its own diagnostic entity in the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) within the Feeding and Eating Disorders section.1 BED’s hallmark feature is recurrent binge eating, involving the consumption of an amount of food that is definitively larger than what others would eat under comparable circumstances within a certain time, associated with a feeling of loss of control over eating. Diagnosis of BED according to DSM-5 (307.59) requires this objective binge eating to occur at least once per week over 3 months. In contrast to binge eating in bulimia nervosa, binge eating in BED occurs without regular inappropriate compensatory behaviors aimed at preventing weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, fasting, or laxative misuse. Binge eating in BED is further characterized by behavioral abnormalities, such as eating rapidly or until feeling uncomfortably full, and results in marked distress.