The primary aim of the present study was to compare mothers' reactions to obstetrical interventions and procedures and obstetricians' perceptions of these. The sample population consisted of one hundred and forty seven white, married, English-speaking mothers and a group of fifty three obstetricians practising in trie Johannesburg area. Questionnaires, developed for both groups, were administered postally to obstetricians and in hospital within the first post-partum week to mothers. Perceptions of interventions occurring in the ante-natal period and during the three stages of labour were explored. Reactions to psycho-social and hospital procedures were also obtained. Median and modal ratings of these events were calculated for both samples. The data were analysed using the Median test to compare the groups and Fisher's exact probability test to determine significant differences. Using a significance level of one per cent, several significant findings emerged. Results suggested that, in general, obstetricians rated mothers' experiences more negatively than did the mothers themselves, These findings were discussed in the light of available research and literature in the area

The purpose of this research was to test the predicted relationships among a component of nurse-midwifery care, psychosocial health outcomes and other maternal psychosocial variables. The theoretical framework for the research was the Intrapartum Care Level of the Nurse-Midwifery Practice Model, a middle range theory. Previous nurse-midwifery research had been based on theories and models not specific to nurse-midwifery practice. A nonexperimental, correlational design was used, with measures in the last trimester of pregnancy and the first month following birth. The psychosocial variables measured were prenatal care satisfaction, personable environment, positive presence, labor support, transcendence, labor satisfaction and enhanced self-concept. Purposive sampling was used at a birth center in a Southwestern city where women received nurse-midwifery care for pregnancy, labor and birth. The sample of 89 women consisted of 35 primiparas and 54 multiparas, with a mean age of 29 years; 46.1% gave birth at the birth center and 53.9% gave birth at a local hospital. The primary instruments for the research included the Prenatal Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Attitude Toward Issues in Choice of Childbirth Scale, the Positive Presence Index, the Labor and Birth Support Inventory, the Coping in Labor and Delivery Scale, the Labor and Delivery Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Self-Confidence Scale of the Adjective Check List. The secondary instruments, used for the evaluation of construct validity, included the Positive Presence Index - Alternate Format, the Labor and Birth Coping Index, the Labor and Birth Satisfaction Index, and the Self-Concept Index - Alternate Format. Acceptable levels of reliability and validity were obtained for the instruments. The predicted relationships from the Model were tested with causal analysis using multiple regression and residual analysis. The empirical rather than the theoretical model was supported by the data. Prenatal care satisfaction, personable environment, positive presence and transcendence explained 66% of the variance in labor satisfaction, with an additional 2% explained variance with the addition of the situational variable of consultation. Positive presence had the greatest direct effect (B =.70) and also explained 5% of the variance in enhanced self-concept. The empirically significant relationships were clinically relevant.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Science,1976.

No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this study is to describe characteristics of childbirth pain communicative behaviors among laboring Thai women, determine mode of pain communication, and determine relationships among behaviors and parturients, age, parity, education, and occupation. This study employed an exploratory description design. Direct structural observation was used to collect data. The study was conducted at a general hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, with 32 subjects participating. The "Observation Checklist of Laboring Women's Behavior" was used to record the subjects' behaviors. Descriptive statistics, the t test, and Pearson product moment correlation were used to analyze data. Data analysis indicated that the subjects of this study communicated pain via nonverbal channels and in a quiet manner. The range of nonverbal behaviors ranked from the greatest to the least frequent occurrences and included tactual, facial, lips, body movements, eyes, and respiratory behaviors. The range of verbal reports ranked from the greatest to the lowest frequencies and included reports of sensation, self evaluation of tolerance of pain, asking for information, requesting help and comfort, and asking for permission. Reports of pain were the most predominant of all the verbal reports. There were no statistically significant differences between behaviors and age, parity, education, and occupation. Pain behaviors were more prevalent among primiparae. Subjects who were younger or had fewer years of education ask for more information relating to the childbirth process compared with their counterparts. The younger subjects tended to communicate their pain via verbal mode; the older subjects tended to communicate their pain through nonverbal channels. Information derived from this study contributed to clinical practice, research, and theoretical knowledge of nursing. The information will help nurses understand about pain communication among the Thai women. Findings also will serve as empirical data for future investigations and can be used as a basis for childbirth pain assessment. The findings of this study are not generalizable because subjects were not randomly selected and the sample size was small. Recommendations for future study include the use of larger sample sizes, refinement of the checklist, and the use of multiple methods to collect the data.

The purpose of this study was to develop and test an index of primigravidas' Performance Incongruency as represented by the difference between the scores on the two forms of the Schroeder Labor Locus of Control Scale (SLLOC). The first form measured primigravidas' expectations for control during labor and delivery. The second form indexed primiparas' perceptions of the actual control they had during their childbirth experience. The convenience sample of primigravida included 34 subjects from one prenatal clinic and 27 from another. Of this sample of 61, 50 delivered during the study and comprised the primipara sample. A descriptive design was used for validity and reliability estimates. The results indicated that the content validity of the pre-labor form of the SLLOC met the established criterion of 90% interrater agreement. Criterion validity estimates on both forms did not achieve the established criterion nor did the convergent-discriminant estimates of construct validity within the instrument. Convergent-discriminant validity external to the scale, however, approached the established criterion. Test-retest reliability estimates of the pre-labor form demonstrated stability (r = .81). The Internal subscale of both forms of the SLLOC was internally consistent with coefficient Alphas of .81 for the pre-labor form and .71 for the post-delivery form. The External-Chance subscale of both forms approached the criterion for internal consistency, but the External/Powerful Others subscale did not. The findings for the index of Performance Incongruency supported literature reports suggesting that primigravidae who had participated in childbirth education classes experienced less control than they had anticipated whereas those who had not participated in childbirth education classes experienced more than they expected.

M.Cur. / The purpose of this study is to identify the midwives experience in doing the delivery or a HIV-positive patient. Because the incidence of AIDS is increasing in the heterosexual population and thus the women in their reproductive years, it is important for the midwife to know how feelings for the HIV-positive patient. It is the midwife who has to give counselling and support to tho HlV-positive patients and in doing so, she herself must get counselling end support. Unstructured in-depth interviewB wore held with r Ivo midwives on one occasion. Each midwife should have done at least one delivery of a HIV-positive patient. The experiences of the midwives was then combined and a literature control was done to consult other authors' findings on the heath workers experience of HIV positive patients. Recommendations were made at the end of the study concerning applications to practice, education, further research and the counselling of the midwife.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-12-04T11:46:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana de Souza Halasi.pdf: 1113289 bytes, checksum: 9760a7b0d311815d6ca30a81605853b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-04T11:46:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana de Souza Halasi.pdf: 1113289 bytes, checksum: 9760a7b0d311815d6ca30a81605853b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-18 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In this study I propose a psychoanalytic reading about motherhood, questioning whether all mothers correspond to social expectations about it. Based on a literature review, I did a deepening in some aspects such as childbirth and breastfeeding, idealization and romanticism and also on the question of guilt. Motherhood as a psychic operation, also implies an option that, in the contemporaneity, suffers social pressure and charges through a pre-established ideal of mother. This makes many women to initiate this process with anticipated guilt. Illustrating this question, I used the free-speech of five celebrities, who have just given birth, points out the super mother must be the full identity of the woman, refractory or not to the ideal of mother. Psychoanalysis places the determinants of the subject beyond the order of the natural, breaking with an instinctive maternal love from the creation of the concept of drive. However this maternal ideal ends up facilitating the guilt and with her, depression. In that process must have a careful look at the woman, because this psychic frame with guilt as background reinforces an ambivalent and alienating behavior. The mother may disinvest in the child by glimpsing other libidinal investments. This kind of attitude alleviates her guilt because a displacement for herself or for what motherhood represents does not mean abandonment or absence of child care. Relativize motherhood with fewer manuals, advice and more respect for individualities and possible mothering is necessary / Neste estudo proponho uma leitura psicanalítica sobre a maternidade, problematizando se todas as mães correspondem às expectativas sociais sobre ela. Apoiada numa revisão de literatura, fiz um aprofundamento em alguns aspectos como parto e amamentação; idealização e romantismo e ainda sobre a questão da culpa. A maternidade configurando-se como uma operação psíquica, também implica numa opção que, na contemporaneidade brasileira, sofre pressões e cobranças sociais mediante um ideal de mãe preestabelecido, fazendo com que muitas mulheres iniciem esse processo com uma culpa antecipada. Ilustrando esta questão, utilizei-me da fala livre de cinco celebridades, que acabaram de dar à luz, refratárias ou não ao ideal de mãe, capturando que a supermãe deve ser a identidade plena da mulher. A Psicanálise, rompendo com um amor materno instintivo, a partir da criação do conceito de pulsão, coloca os determinantes do sujeito para além da ordem do natural, porém esse ideal materno que preconiza a total satisfação e realização da mãe com o bebê, acaba por facilitar a culpa e com ela a depressão. Nesse processo deve-se ter um olhar cuidadoso para com a mulher, pois este quadro psíquico tendo a culpa como pano de fundo reforça um comportamento ambivalente e alienante. Ao vislumbrar outros investimentos libidinais, a mãe pode desinvestir na criança, amenizando sua culpa, que não deve ser confundida com abandono ou ausência de olhar, mas como um deslocamento para ela mesma e para o que representa. É preciso relativizar a maternidade, com menos manuais, aconselhamentos e mais respeito às individualidades e às maternagens possíveis

M.Cur. / Women approach the experience of childbirth from their own frame of reference, expectations and the types of experiences which they encountered during their lifetime. Although much is done to prepare women for childbirth and motherhood, little information is obtained about the mother's experience of childbirth during the intra partum period, regardless of delivering naturally or with the administering of epidural anaesthesia. with this research it was endeavoured to gain more knowledge about the experiences of women during childbirth. The midwife can use this knowledge to have better insight in the needs of these women to ensure a better quality of patient care. A qualitative study was undertaken. The phenomenological method (the autobiographical method) was used, within the context of a private hospital on the West Rand. During March to April 1990 unstructured (non formative) interviews were conducted with 10 primigravidas that delivered vaginally. Five of the 10 women made use of epidural anaesthesia. A study of the literature was done to determine what the experts have already ascertained about this phenomenon. Themes were selected from the literature and the women's experiences were accordingly grouped. of this research, it appears that the who have delivered by means of epidural from those who delivered naturally. were identified where women had the same From the findings experiences of women anaesthesia, differ Universal experiences type of delivery. Recommendations were made on how the midwife can contribute to fulfil in the identified needs of the woman in labour.