Master's thesis comprehends informations about ways of financing nonprofit organization and about possible sources, that are available in fundraising. There is also list of important givers in last years. Next part of thesis comprehends informations about activities, that would be made by nonprofit organizations before appeal for grant. There are also informations about activities, that follow after pick up grant. Part of thesis presents ways of gain financial sources in nonprofit organization signály.cz, o.s.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-16T15:27:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LIONETE NUNES DE LIMA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEQ 2008..pdf: 8876050 bytes, checksum: 6b3dfb40f7b7e786c521fd452704f322 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T15:27:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LIONETE NUNES DE LIMA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEQ 2008..pdf: 8876050 bytes, checksum: 6b3dfb40f7b7e786c521fd452704f322 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-30 / A maior parte da energia consumida no mundo provém do petróleo, do carvão e do gás natural. O esgotamento das fontes de energia, especialmente energia fóssil, sobretudo sua impossibilidade de renovação, tem motivado o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que permitam utilizar fontes renováveis de energia. O biodiesel é biodegradável, renovável e obedece ao ciclo de carbono, sendo definido como mono-alquil éster de ácidos graxos derivado de fontes renováveis, como óleos vegetais e gorduras animais, o mesmo pode ser obtido através de um processo de transesterifícação, no qual ocorre a transformação de triacilglicerídeos em moléculas menores de ésteres de ácidos graxos e apresenta características físico-químicas semelhantes às do diesel fóssil. Este trabalho apresenta a obtenção de biodiesel a partir da mistura dos óleos de milho e algodão obtido por transesterifícação sob uso do catalisador homogéneo (KOH) e heterogéneo (MCM-41 e 1% Mo/MCM-41). A mistura dos óleos vegetais e o biodiesel etílico foram caracterizados em função das propriedades físicoquímicas, reologia, cromatografia gasosa (CG), espectroscopia de infravermelho (IV) e termogravimetria (TG). Mediante os resultados obtidos pode-se observar que a rota homogênea promoveu uma conversão em ésteres etílicos de 81,23%, já a rota heterogênea não se obteve resultados satisfatórios o que foi observado pelo elevado teor de triacilglicerídeos. As análises no infravermelho e por cromatografia gasosa permitiram a análise química do processo. Nas análises termogravimétricas, observou-se que o biodiesel apresentou uma temperatura de decomposição inicial menor que a do óleo, demonstrando ser mais volátil e aproximando-se do diesel. / Most of the world energy consumption derives from oil, coal and natural gas. The shortage of the energy sources, especially the energy from fóssil fuels, and moreover the impossibility of its renewal has motivated the development of technologies that allow the usage of renewable energy sources. Biodiesel is biodegradable, renewable and it obeys the cycle of carbon, it is defined as a blend of mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from renewable sources, as vegetable oils and animal fats. It can be obtained by means of a transesterification process, in which the transformation of triacylglycerides into smaller molecules of fatty acid esters takes place, and it displays physical and chemical characteristics similar to the ones of a fóssil fuelderived diesel oil. This paper presents the production of biodiesel from a mixture of corn and cotton oils transesterified with homogeneous (KOH) and heterogeneous (MCM-41 and 1% Mo/MCM-41) catalysts. The mixture of vegetable oils and the ethanol biodiesel were characterized in terms of physical and chemical properties, rheology, gas chromatography (GC), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and thermal analysis (TG). The results showed that the homogeneous route promoted a 81,23% conversion into ethyl esters conversely, the heterogeneous route did not show satisfactory results, as a the high levei of triacylglycerides was observed. The infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography analyses were used for the chemical analysis of the products. In thermogravimetric analyses, it was observed that the Biodiesel samples presented a lower initial decomposition temperature than that of the vegetable oil, suggesting that these samples are more volatile than the oil and closer to diesel.

This Diploma thesis, called "Comparison of patent law in the EU countries", deals with legislation of invention patents and their protection in selected countries such as Germany and the Czech Republic. Within Europe there is an attempt to harmonize the legislation in the field of intellectual property rights in all member countries and to create a unified legal system. A patent is the most important object in protection of industrial property. The secondary objective of this thesis is focused on the identification of the re-sponsible authorities and to determine the financial and time requirements for obtaining a patent. Next major objective is the evaluation of the use of the patent protection within the Czech and German universities, research organizations and private companies and then their transfer of technologies. The practical part contains the analysis of both selected countries from the per-spective of patent law, valid legislation, the responsible institutions and patent statistics for the last ten years. Additional chapter discusses the results of research and development in the university environment at three universities in the Czech Republic and Germany. The analysis is focused in particular on the procedure of obtaining a patent, then also the influence of the local authorities. The comparison of these two countries has revealed some certain similarities, but also striking differences between them. The Czech Republic is currently also slowly dis-covering the benefits of patent protection, but the results can be evaluated only after some time interval.

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In the more expert practice, we need an expert report, the main part of the budget works.The budget for the construction of the most by the degrese of project documentation. For the purposes of the budget for expert in most cases does not have the komplete project documentation, is contained in the file on the basis of oral communication to stakeholders and on the basic of which it requires, or which shall ensure in the measurement. The more quality work is available, the more accurate the output in the form of a budget.There is currently no single procedur efor the construction of production in an expert opinion. For theis mason, i tis the main aim of this thesis in a flowchart, the overview of the possibilities of obtaining the neceséry supporting documents to the budget and the tool works and how Theky should proceed in that report. Use the flowchart in expert practice shall be verified at model examples in the conclusion of this dissertation.

Alors que les mutations s’accélèrent et l’instabilité semble permanente, l’esprit d’entreprise est valorisé par les acteurs publics et privés. En France, l’auto-entrepreneur, créé par la loi n° 2008-776 du 4 août 2008, favorise l’accès à l’entrepreneuriat au plus grand nombre. Depuis 2009, les créations d’entreprises comptent pour plus de moitié d’auto-entrepreneurs. Aussi, l’existence d’une dynamique entrepreneuriale spécifique à ces créations se pose. La recherche s’inscrit dans une approche constructiviste d’essai d’explication du phénomène par l’identification des caractéristiques des auto-entrepreneurs en comparaison aux autres entrepreneurs. Elle prend racine dans l’examen de 700 dossiers d’évaluation de projets en phase amont de la création/ reprise dans le sud Finistère, soit, de fin 2008 à début 2012 près d’1% des créations / reprises en Bretagne. L’appui sur les paradigmes entrepreneuriaux amène à rapprocher des standards théoriques génériques à des constatations issues du terrain. Une approche hypothético-déductive permet d’identifier les caractéristiques des auto-entrepreneurs en comparaison aux autres entrepreneurs. L’analyse qualitative thématique d’entretiens biographiques d’auto-entrepreneurs triangule et confirme les résultats. La recherche questionne le paradigme de la création/ obtention de valeur nouvelle ou existante. Elle interroge le processus schumpétérien d’innovation créatrice versus destructrice, et sa possible mobilisation dans une lecture du succès de l’auto-entrepreneur. Elle propose une approche effectuale de la création en auto-entrepreneuriat. Elle confirme le rôle de l’accompagnement en phase amont de la création/ reprise d’entreprises. / While mutations accelerate and instability seems to be permanent, entrepreneurship is valued by public and private actors. In France, the auto-entrepreneur, created by Law No. 2008-776 of 4 August 2008, promotes access to entrepreneurship to greater numbers. Since 2009, the auto-entrepreneurs account for more than half of self-employed entrepreneurs. Also, the existence of a specific entrepreneurial approach to business creation projects under this status arises. This research is part of a constructivist approach to explain the phenomenon by identifying the characteristics of auto-entrepreneurs in comparison to other entrepreneurs. It is rooted in the examination of 700 projects evaluated in upstream phase of the creation / buyout in the southern Finistère, from late 2008 to early 2012, almost 1% of the creation / buyout firms on the Brittany area. The support of entrepreneurial paradigms leads to closer generic theoretical standard to findings from the field. A counterfactual approach identifies the characteristics of auto-entrepreneurs in comparison to other entrepreneurs. Thematic qualitative analysis of biographical interviews of auto-entrepreneurs triangulates and confirms the results. The research questions the paradigm of creating / obtaining new or existing value. She questions the Schumpeterian process of creative versus destructive innovation, and its possible mobilization in a reading of the success of the auto-entrepreneur. It offers effectual approach creation depending on the status of auto-entrepreneur. It confirms the role of the accompanying upstream phase of the creation / buyout business.

Цель работы − разработка методических рекомендаций по проведению проверки цифровой информационной модели раздела АР, КР и ПБ формата ifc для ГАУ СО «Управление государственной экспертизы». Для достижения поставленной цели были поставлены следующие задачи: построить модель и наполнить ее требуемой информацией, используя возможности ПО Revit; выделить основные принципы подготовки ЦИМ к экспертизе; проверить информацию из модели в формате IFC с помощью ПО Tangl Control. Сформировать проверки валидации и верификации; сформировать методические рекомендации, описывающие проведение проверки ЦИМ АР и КР в ПО Tangl Control экспертизой. / The purpose of the work is to develop methodological recommendations for checking the digital information model of the section AR, KR and PB in the ifc format for the State Autonomous Institution SO “Office of State Expertise”. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: build a model and fill it with the required information using the capabilities of Revit software; highlight the basic principles of preparing CIM for examination; check the information from the model in IFC format using Tangl Control software. Create validation and verification checks; create methodological recommendations describing the verification of CIM AR and KR in Tangl Control software by expert examination.

This master's thesis describes an issue of preparation and evaluation of investment projects which are co-financed by EU funds. A practical example of the specific investment project is used to demonstrate a usefulness of co-financing by these funds. This investment project is processed as a case study which includes both financial and economic evaluation of the project. This evaluation also includes assessment of effectiveness and efficiency of this investment project.

Pulsed laser ablation, calcium, absorption spectrum, spectral line