Depuis le début des années 80, la notion de communauté a connu une fortune paradoxale : elle est au centre de réflexions philosophiques, de Jean-Luc Nancy à Giorgio Agamben, comme de discours politiques, de la communauté nationale aux multiples communautés, alors même que l’affaiblissement général des liens sociaux fait consensus. Prise comme objet de la sociologie naissante par Ferdinand Tönnies un siècle plus tôt pour penser les mutations de l’Europe industrielle, la communauté permet à nouveaux frais de comprendre l’expérience contemporaine d’être « seuls, ensemble ». De nombreux récits français récents se font l’écho du défaut et du désir d’appartenance. Ceux de Marie NDiaye, de Laurent Mauvignier, de Maylis de Kerangal, d’Arno Bertina et d’Olivier Cadiot mettent ainsi en scène des personnages à la fois déracinés et cherchant à intégrer un groupe, qu’il soit professionnel, familial, social ou national. Ces fictions de l’appartenance constatent-elles une aporie ou proposent-elles des alternatives communautaires ? Il s’agit d’étudier dans ce corpus l’articulation des sphères de l’appartenance et les déclinaisons du hiatus entre l’individu et le collectif. Seront envisagés les motifs et les valeurs (notamment la fraternité et le corps social) attachés à la notion de communauté, ainsi que les différents paradigmes qui informent les textes littéraires, du côté de la minorité (dans un renouvellement de l’humanisme auquel se rattache une partie de l’histoire du roman) mais aussi du côté de la majorité (dans un questionnement sur les normes). Informée par des réflexions philosophiques, sociologiques et littéraires, au croisement de l’histoire des représentations et de micro-lectures stylistiques, cette thèse dégage des imaginaires de la communauté aujourd’hui. Elle montre un double transfert, celui d’un modèle de transmission généalogique des valeurs à un modèle plus spatial d’interdépendance, et celui d’un paradigme politique à un paradigme éthique de la représentation romanesque. / Since the beginning of the eighties, the destiny of the notion of community has been paradoxical: it is central to philosophical thoughts (from Jean-Luc Nancy to Giorgio Agamben) as well as political discourses, referring to the nation and to numerous communities, meanwhile it is generally believed that there is a breakdown of a sense of community. A century before, one of the first sociologists, Ferdinand Tönnies, attempted by using it to describe the alterations of the modern and industrialized European societies; nowadays, community allows us to understand again the present experience of being “alone, together”. Many French narratives show the importance of lack and want of belonging. In Marie NDiaye’s, Laurent Mauvignier’s, Maylis de Kerangal’s, Arno Bertina’s and Olivier Cadiot’s narratives, characters are both uprooted and anxious to become integrated into a group, however professional, familial, social or national it might be. Do these fictions break the deadlock? The link between the various spheres of belonging and the gap between the individual and the collective are studied in this corpus. We identify patterns and values of the notion of community (fraternity and social corps in particular), as well as the underlying paradigms of the texts, minority (which renews the humanist tradition of the novelistic genre) and majority (which questions about norms). Based on philosophical, sociological and literary sources, at the crossroads of study of representations and stylistic analysis, this work brings out contemporary images of community. We demonstrate that a double evolution of the novels is at stake, from a genealogical hanging down to the spatial pattern of interdependence, and from a political paradigm to an ethical one.

This thesis takes as its starting point proposals to model inflectional paradigms as geometrical structures, wherein systematic homonymies are constrained to occupy contiguous regions. It defines a precise criterion for assessing systematicity and shows, for a range of largely Indo-European and Afro-Asiatic data, that such models are observationally adequate in modelling systematic homonymies within a single inflectional dimension, and to a lesser extent, between different inflectional dimensions. This is taken to indicate that widely assumed characterizations of inflectional categories in terms of cross-classifying binary features are incorrect, inasmuch as such characterizations fail to predict the linearizability of natural classes of properties belonging to those categories. The same inadequacy besets attempts to account for systematic homonymies by means of rules that convert or 'refer' one morpho-syntactic representation to another. Rather it is argued that the linearizability of natural classes of properties suggests that inflectional categories are structured as a sub-classification of those properties, but that a phenomenon of 're-marking' serves to define, under strict constraints, additional natural classes beyond those defined by the sub-classification itself. The specific sub- classifications indicated by observed patterns of homonymy are language-specific. In addition, the properties so sub-classified under a single node may in certain cases be drawn from separate morpho-syntactic categories. This is taken to indicate that the terminal nodes of a morphological sub-classification are not morpho-syntactic feature complexes but purely morphological functions performing a discontinuous mapping between morpho-syntactic and morpho-phonological representations. The systematicity of homonymy patterns, then, is shown to be evidence for a linguistic level of 'pure morphology'.

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"Verslawingsparadigmas en die Implikasies vir Hulpverlening - 'n Pastorale Studie" is a doctoral dissertation which looks at different addiction paradigms and how each of these paradigms have implications for the type of care that will be given to people with addictions. The study was done in line with classical Reformed theology. Biblical perspectives were formulated as. a measuring tool for judging addiction paradigms and methods of caring for people with additions. A few texts on drunkenness in the Bible were researched exegetically and according to the revelation history. Literature study as well as a study of Scriptures were done on Biblical and non-Biblical addiction paradigms and methods of care. The information gathered in previous chapters, the literature study as well as the study of Scriptures were consolidated to develop a method of care to ensure that people with addictions and their loved ones are helped in a profound, Scripture-based way. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

"Verslawingsparadigmas en die Implikasies vir Hulpverlening - 'n Pastorale Studie" is a doctoral dissertation which looks at different addiction paradigms and how each of these paradigms have implications for the type of care that will be given to people with addictions. The study was done in line with classical Reformed theology. Biblical perspectives were formulated as. a measuring tool for judging addiction paradigms and methods of caring for people with additions. A few texts on drunkenness in the Bible were researched exegetically and according to the revelation history. Literature study as well as a study of Scriptures were done on Biblical and non-Biblical addiction paradigms and methods of care. The information gathered in previous chapters, the literature study as well as the study of Scriptures were consolidated to develop a method of care to ensure that people with addictions and their loved ones are helped in a profound, Scripture-based way. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

This thesis takes as its starting point proposals to model inflectional paradigms as geometrical structures, wherein systematic homonymies are constrained to occupy contiguous regions. It defines a precise criterion for assessing systematicity and shows, for a range of largely Indo-European and Afro-Asiatic data, that such models are observationally adequate in modelling systematic homonymies within a single inflectional dimension, and to a lesser extent, between different inflectional dimensions. This is taken to indicate that widely assumed characterizations of inflectional categories in terms of cross-classifying binary features are incorrect, inasmuch as such characterizations fail to predict the linearizability of natural classes of properties belonging to those categories. The same inadequacy besets attempts to account for systematic homonymies by means of rules that convert or 'refer' one morpho-syntactic representation to another. Rather it is argued that the linearizability of natural classes of properties suggests that inflectional categories are structured as a sub-classification of those properties, but that a phenomenon of 're-marking' serves to define, under strict constraints, additional natural classes beyond those defined by the sub-classification itself. The specific sub- classifications indicated by observed patterns of homonymy are language-specific. In addition, the properties so sub-classified under a single node may in certain cases be drawn from separate morpho-syntactic categories. This is taken to indicate that the terminal nodes of a morphological sub-classification are not morpho-syntactic feature complexes but purely morphological functions performing a discontinuous mapping between morpho-syntactic and morpho-phonological representations. The systematicity of homonymy patterns, then, is shown to be evidence for a linguistic level of 'pure morphology'.

No description available.

This dissertation is a case study of an agency attempting to continue to operate in terms of an outmoded paradigm, one whose foundation is based on a reference point for decision and action that does not fit the social, political and organizational conditions of postmodernity. The orientation of the study is toward public administration as political process; a political process which reflects the postmodern condition. Postmodern tendencies in culture and society are characterized by a particularly salient "thinning" of reality or development of hyper-reality where communication has lost the check on authenticity found in dialogue. This thinning of the macro culture exists in dialectical contradiction to more robust communities of discourse developing in enclaves in a tendency referred to as neotribalism. These dialectical tendencies lead to "simulated politics," where political entrepreneurs traffic in symbols rather than deeds and substantive policy making is restrained. This development favors those who benefit from the status quo. The Census Bureau is the focal agency. It is facing a crisis of legitimacy in its standoff with the Republican-controlled Congress over its plan to use sampling and estimation to produce a statistically adjusted apportionment count for Census 2000. The case of the Census 2000 stand-off between technocrats at the Census Bureau, supported by the Democratic Clinton administration and organizations and governmental entities that are adversely affected by census undercounts, and the Republican-dominated Congress, is an example of non-dialogic communication. It is masked by a trafficking in symbols and potentially will most likely lead to maintenance of the status quo in the form of traditional census methodology. This methodology differentially undercounts African Americans, Hispanics, American Indians and Asians, as compared to whites. Republicans compare the Census 2000 plan to use sampling to adjust the census for undercounts to the "Hillary Health Care Model" (a derogatory reference to the First Lady's involvement in public policy), describing it as a "polling technique," while Democrats and statisticians cast the argument of Republicans as one of "politicians trying to preserve their domain," and of playing "racial politics". The strategy of the Republican Congress appears to be to discredit the expertise of the Census Bureau and to rely on the legal process and a conservative Supreme Court to derail and nullify the plan for Census 2000, thus causing the agency to revert to the "status quo." Curiously, the Census Bureau has set itself up for this potential outcome by taking a strategically counterproductive and disastrously adversarial approach to the Congress. The Census Bureau has fundamentally misperceived the contemporary cultural environment and the politics that goes with it. It no longer can represent its own position as nonpolitical, value-free science, representing truth and moral right. This lack of perspective has critically hampered the agency's ability to negotiate in a political discourse appropriate to postmodernity. The goal of the study is to make a contribution to furthering organization-environment theory, with emphasis on the political environment. It is this aspect of organization theory generally that has most relevance to Public Administration but that has been least well developed. The dissertation is designed to conform to the traditional Inter-University Case Program (ICP) case study format. As such, the study addresses the broad issue of agency-environment relationship and the role of the public administrator within that environment. As with all ICP-type studies the research does not lead to an "answer." This is especially appropriate now because in the postmodern condition there is no one answer or truth to be found by rational analysis. Rather, ideas, insights, and various conclusions are offered. / Ph. D.

No description available.

The problem of this study was to investigate the philosophical assumptions underlying the holistic paradigm. These underlying philosophical assumptions include beliefs about the nature of being (ontology), goals (axiology), and knowledge (epistemology). The interdependence of these assumptions, as well as how they translate into different research processes, is noted in this study.