This study applies Bayesian inversion to receiver functions (RF) to estimate local shear wave velocity (Vs) structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath two ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) offshore, and two land-based seismometers onshore Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. We use passive seismic data recorded on NC89, a permanent NEPTUNE (North-east Pacific Time-series Undersea Networked Experiments) OBS located on the continental slope, and on a temporary autonomous KECK foundation OBS, KEBB, located at the Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JdFR). The two land based seismometers (OZB and PGC) are located on Vancouver Island and are part of the Canadian National Seismograph Network (CNSN). The introduction of NEPTUNE has helped to fill a gap in offshore seismic monitoring, however; due to high noise levels and a relatively short deployment time, few useful events have been recorded (to date) for RF analysis. In this study, we utilize three-component, broadband recordings of large (M6+), distant (30 -100 degrees) earthquakes to compute RFs due to locally generated P (compressional) to S (shear) converted waves. RFs are then inverted using a non-linear Bayesian approach which yields optimal profiles of Vs, Vp (compressional wave velocity), and strike and dip angles, as well as rigorous uncertainty estimates for these parameters. Near the JdFR a thin sediment layer (<1 km) is resolved overlying a 2 km thick oceanic crust. The crust contains a large velocity contrast at the depth of an expected axial magma chamber. The oceanic crust thickens to 10 km at the continental slope where it is overlain by 5 km of sediments. At the coastal station (OZB) a low velocity zone is imaged at 16 km depth dipping approximately 12 degrees NE. Evidence for this low velocity zone is also seen beneath southern Vancouver Island (PGC) at a depth consistent with previous studies. Determining such models at a number of locations (from the spreading ridge to the coast) provides new information regarding local structure and can aid in seismic hazard analysis. / Graduate

La frontière de plaque transpressive Nord Caraïbe s'exprime dans la région d'Haïti par un partitionnement de la déformation entre deux failles décrochantes et des chevauchements. L'étude de données de bathymétrie, de sismique réflexion, et de fonctions récepteur apporte des contraintes sur la structure et le fonctionnement de cette frontière de plaque en transpression en mer et à terre. Les données de bathymétrie des campagnes Haïti-SIS 1 et 2 nous ont permis de cartographier précisément le grand système de failles décrochantes senestres et leur segmentation. L'étude des profils de sismique réflexion a mis en évidence l'existence de structures pré-existantes à l'activité du décrochement EPGFZ en mer. Nous avons également identifié un domaine crustal distinct, que nous avons relié au plateau océanique Caribéen. L'étude des déformations actuelles en mer nous permet de montrer que la faille EPGFZ est principalement décrochante, avec une composante compressive qui augmente vers l'Est. Les estimations de raccourcissement restent cependant très faibles (2 à 3%) en comparaison des estimations faites par les modélisations GPS. A terre en Haïti, nous avons imagé l'épaisseur crustale grâce à une étude de fonctions récepteur. Les épaisseurs imagées délimitent trois domaines différents. Nous proposons que ces domaines correspondent à trois ensembles géologiques distincts, composés respectivement de l'arc Crétacé des Grandes Antilles au Nord, du plateau océanique Caraïbe au Sud, et d'une croûte continentale au centre. Cette croûte pourrait être sous-charriée par du matériel dense provenant de la subduction d'une portion du plateau océanique Caribéen sous Haïti. / The Northern Caribbean transpressive plate boundary is expressed in Haiti by the partitioning of the deformation between two strike-slip faults and compressive structures. Bathymetric, seismic reflection and receiver-functions studies are methods used here to constrain the structure and the dynamic of the Northern Caribbean transpressive plate boundary offshore and onshore. The bathymetric data acquired during the Haiti-SIS cruises provide a detailed mapping of the geometry and segmentation of the senestrial strike-slip fault systems. The seismic profiles in the Jamaica Passage show that basin structures exist prior to the initiation of the EPGFZ and are cross-cut and folded by the EPGFZ. We identify a distinct crustal domain that we relate to the Caribbean large igneous province. The present deformations offshore show that the EPGFZ is primary strike-slip, with an increasing compressive component of the deformation toward the east. The shortening estimates are very small (2 to 3%) compared to the short-term GPS modeling estimates. Onshore in Haiti, we image the crustal structure from a receiver-functions study. The crustal thickness is ~23 km in the northern part of Haiti, ~22 km in the southern part of Haiti and ~41 km in the middle part, delimiting 3 distinct domains. We propose that these domains correspond to 3 geological distinct terranes: the Cretaceous volcanic arc in the north, the oceanic igneous province in the south, and in between a continental crust underthrusted by dense material. The underthrusted material could be a subducted portion of the Caribbean large igneous province under the Trans-Haitian fold-and-thrust belt.