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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Afinidades biológicas extra-continentais dos paleoíndios tardios de Lagoa Santa e suas implicações para a questão do povoamento do novo mundo: uma abordagem odontométrica / Extra-continental biological afinities among Late Paleoindian of Lagoa Santa, Central Brazil, and its implications for the settlement of America: an odontometric view

Nunes, Tatiana Leite 17 March 2010 (has links)
Atualmente, quatro principais modelos discutem o Povoamento da América. O mais antigo defende a entrada de três levas migratórias (Greenberg et al., 1986), outro modelo, duas (Neves et al., 1989), o modelo genético, apenas uma (Bonatto & Salzano, 1997) e, recentemente, Gonzalez-José et al. (2008) apresentaram um modelo de fluxo continuo. O presente trabalho investigou as afinidades biológicas de uma população paleoíndia brasileira, a de Lagoa Santa, com antiguidade estimada entre 11.500-7.500 A.P., comparando-a a outras populações mundiais (Banco de Dados Hanihara). A investigação baseou-se em análise odontométrica (diâmetros dentários mesiodistais e bucolinguais). Os dentes apresentam alta herdabilidade, morfogênese estável, grande representatividade arqueológica e são pouco influenciados por fatores ambientais imediatos. As afinidades biológicas dos paleoíndios de Lagoa Santa foram exploradas por Análise Multivariada, com a aplicação de Análise de Componentes Principais e Matrizes de Dissimilaridade (Euclidianas e Mahalanobis), estas últimas visualizadas por Análises de Cluster e de Escalonamento Multidimensional. Diferentes sets de análises foram realizados, para ambos os sexos considerando-se tamanho e forma e somente forma. Os resultados apresentados demonstram uma forte tendência de diferenciação da população de Lagoa Santa em relação às populações nativas americanas tardias e atuais, associando-se mais fortemente com Polinésios e Sudeste Asiáticos. Estes resultados questionam a homogeneidade dos nativos americanos e apóiam fortemente o modelo dos Dois Componentes Biológicos Principais (Neves et al., 1989). / Nowadays, four principal models discuss the settlement of the Americas. The oldest one defends three waves into the continent (Greenberg et al, 1986), other model, two (Neves et al., 1989), the gentic one, only one (Bonatto & Salzano, 1997), and recently, Gonzalez et al. (2008) presented a continuous flow model. The present study investigated the biological affinities of a Paleoindian Brazilian population, Lagoa Santa, with estimated antiquity between 11500-7500AP, comparing them to others word populations (Hanihara Data Bank). The investigation was based on odontometry data (mesiodistal and bucolingual diameters). Teeth have high heritability, stable morphogenesis, high archaeological presence, and are little influenced by immediate environmental factors. The biological affinities of Lagoa Santa Paleoindians were explored by Multivariate Analyses, with the application of Principal Components Analysis and Matrix Dissimilarities (Euclidian and Mahalanobis), the later visualized by Cluster Analysis and Multidimensional Scaling. Different sets of analysis were carried out for both sexes considering size and shape and shape alone. The results point to a strong tendency of differentiation of the Lagoa Santa population in relation to other Native Americans, and a strong association with Southeast Asians and Polynesians. The results strongly support the Two Main Biological Components Model (Neves et al., 1989).
2

Population Structure and Frankish Ethnogenesis (AD 400-900)

January 2015 (has links)
abstract: The transition from Late Antiquity to Early Medieval Europe (ca. AD 400-900) is often characterized as a period of ethnogenesis for a number of peoples, such as the Franks. Arising during protracted contact with the Roman Empire, the Franks would eventually form an enduring kingdom in Western Europe. However, there is little consensus about the processes by which they formed an ethnic group. This study takes a fresh look at the question of Frankish ethnogenesis by employing a number of theoretical and methodological subdisciplines, including population genetics and ethnogenetic theory. The goals of this work were 1) to validate the continued use of biological data in questions of historical and archaeological significance; and 2) to elucidate how Frankish population structure changed over time. Toward this end, measurements from the human dentition and crania were subjected to rigorous analytical techniques and interpreted within a theoretical framework of ethnogenetic life cycles. Results validate existing interpretations of intra-regional biological continuity over time. However, they also reveal that 1) there are clear biological and geographical differences between communities, and 2) there are hints of diachronic shifts, whereby some communities became more similar to each other over time. These conclusions complement current ethnohistoric work arguing for the increasing struggle of the Frankish kingdom to unify itself when confronted by strong regionally-based politics. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2015
3

Afinidades biológicas extra-continentais dos paleoíndios tardios de Lagoa Santa e suas implicações para a questão do povoamento do novo mundo: uma abordagem odontométrica / Extra-continental biological afinities among Late Paleoindian of Lagoa Santa, Central Brazil, and its implications for the settlement of America: an odontometric view

Tatiana Leite Nunes 17 March 2010 (has links)
Atualmente, quatro principais modelos discutem o Povoamento da América. O mais antigo defende a entrada de três levas migratórias (Greenberg et al., 1986), outro modelo, duas (Neves et al., 1989), o modelo genético, apenas uma (Bonatto & Salzano, 1997) e, recentemente, Gonzalez-José et al. (2008) apresentaram um modelo de fluxo continuo. O presente trabalho investigou as afinidades biológicas de uma população paleoíndia brasileira, a de Lagoa Santa, com antiguidade estimada entre 11.500-7.500 A.P., comparando-a a outras populações mundiais (Banco de Dados Hanihara). A investigação baseou-se em análise odontométrica (diâmetros dentários mesiodistais e bucolinguais). Os dentes apresentam alta herdabilidade, morfogênese estável, grande representatividade arqueológica e são pouco influenciados por fatores ambientais imediatos. As afinidades biológicas dos paleoíndios de Lagoa Santa foram exploradas por Análise Multivariada, com a aplicação de Análise de Componentes Principais e Matrizes de Dissimilaridade (Euclidianas e Mahalanobis), estas últimas visualizadas por Análises de Cluster e de Escalonamento Multidimensional. Diferentes sets de análises foram realizados, para ambos os sexos considerando-se tamanho e forma e somente forma. Os resultados apresentados demonstram uma forte tendência de diferenciação da população de Lagoa Santa em relação às populações nativas americanas tardias e atuais, associando-se mais fortemente com Polinésios e Sudeste Asiáticos. Estes resultados questionam a homogeneidade dos nativos americanos e apóiam fortemente o modelo dos Dois Componentes Biológicos Principais (Neves et al., 1989). / Nowadays, four principal models discuss the settlement of the Americas. The oldest one defends three waves into the continent (Greenberg et al, 1986), other model, two (Neves et al., 1989), the gentic one, only one (Bonatto & Salzano, 1997), and recently, Gonzalez et al. (2008) presented a continuous flow model. The present study investigated the biological affinities of a Paleoindian Brazilian population, Lagoa Santa, with estimated antiquity between 11500-7500AP, comparing them to others word populations (Hanihara Data Bank). The investigation was based on odontometry data (mesiodistal and bucolingual diameters). Teeth have high heritability, stable morphogenesis, high archaeological presence, and are little influenced by immediate environmental factors. The biological affinities of Lagoa Santa Paleoindians were explored by Multivariate Analyses, with the application of Principal Components Analysis and Matrix Dissimilarities (Euclidian and Mahalanobis), the later visualized by Cluster Analysis and Multidimensional Scaling. Different sets of analysis were carried out for both sexes considering size and shape and shape alone. The results point to a strong tendency of differentiation of the Lagoa Santa population in relation to other Native Americans, and a strong association with Southeast Asians and Polynesians. The results strongly support the Two Main Biological Components Model (Neves et al., 1989).

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