Humankapital är idag ett väl omtalat begrepp. Investering i Humankapital har visat sig vara kostsamt i det kortsiktiga perspektivet men en god investering på lång sikt. I Uppsatsen diskuteras betydelsen av att investera i Humankapital som leder till ekonomisk tillväxt. Denna studie syftar till att empiriskt pröva hur väl detta stämmer och det med hjälp av data från 2006-2010 för OECD-länderna. I uppsatsen används en tvärsnittsstudie som genomförs med hjälp av en regressionsmodell som kontrollerar för variablerna initialt BNP, hälsa, populationstillväxt, utbildning, handel och teknologi. För att besvara frågeställningen används en teoretisk analys genom att utgå från endogena och exogena tillväxtmodeller där effekterna av humankapital och teknologi på ekonomisk tillväxt behandlas. Teknologins effekt visar en positiv korrelation med ekonomisk tillväxt, med ett signifikant samband. Vi kan även avläsa att handel har en positiv effekt, medan hälsa, utbildning, populationstillväxt och det initiala BNP har en negativ effekt på den ekonomiska tillväxten, däremot utan signifikans.

Bioconcentration factor testing serves as the most valuable surrogate for the assessment of bioaccumulation. The assessment of potentially harmful chemicals is crucial to not only the health of aquatic environments, but to humans as well. Chemicals that possess the ability to persist in the environment or that have the potential to bioaccumulate, pose a greater risk to organisms that are exposed to these chemicals. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guideline 305 outlines specific protocols to run an accurate and reliable aquatic flow-through test. However, since its adoption in 1996, very few changes have been made to accommodate the endeavor to lowering the amount of test species to run one of these said tests. Running an aquatic flow-through test, according to 305, takes much time and money as well as numerous amounts of fish. Such burdens can be eliminated through simple modifications to the standard protocols. In this study, we propose an abbreviated study design for aquatic bioconcentration testing which effectively alleviates the burdens of running a flow-through test. Four chemicals were used individually to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed shortened design; 4-Nonyphenol, Chlorpyrifos, Musk Xylene, and DDT. The study consisted of exposing Cyprinus carpio for 7 days followed by 7 days of depuration, for a total of a 14-day study. Our results for each of the four compounds are consistent with literature values, thus, demonstrating that BCFk can be accurately predicted in an abbreviated in vivo test.

Diplomová práce se zabývá systémem stanování úhrad léčiv v České republice (PEST analýza) a působení faktorů, které na tento systém působí: ? registrace léčiv na Státním ústavu pro kontrolu léčiv ? regulace maximální cenou na Ministerstvu financí ? stanovování úhrad léčiv na Ministerstvu zdravotnictví ? systém zdravotní péče, postavení lékáren ? farmaceutické firmy ? reklama ? Česká republika a léková politika, modelace významu stanovení úhrad léčiv ? postavení ČR mezi zeměmi OECD. V závěru je zhodnocení stávající situace a návrhy řešení.

Prace charakterizuje tento systém, představuje jeho klady a zápory a srovnavá vybraná data se standardem zemí OECD s důrazem kladeným na srovnání s Českou republikou. V práci je zahrnuta část věnována popisu Chilské republiky

První část práce se zabývá analýzou výdajů na zdravotní péči v OECD a jejich rozdělením dle zdrojů financování. Druhá část se týká definování a určení kvality zdravotní péče a její analýzy v rámci zemí OECD. Třetí část obsahuje závěrečnou analýzu vztahu mezi náklady a kvalitou zdravotní péče v OECD a zhodnocení výsledků analýzy.

Many of the assumptions underlying health care issues appear to be taken for granted by policy makers, when if fact they ought to be examined for their relevance to today's problems. This research attempts to do so, by analysing the non-economic issues and factors involved in the financing and provision of health care. It will be argued that policy makers commonly have a unidirectional economic perspective in both policy making and in health care system reform directives, a situation which leaves issues such as the health status of the population and of equity in resource allocation to political rhetoric, while in practice, policies deal with the issue of cost reduction. Of major importance is the moral dimension in policies dealing with health and welfare, which is clearly either forgotten or is afforded too little consideration in policy making. This is particularly relevant to the issue of rationing of health care in publicly provided health care systems. While always quietly practised by clinicians in the past, rationing is now required to be overt because demand for health care has outstripped available resources.The substance of the argument comes from the analysis of a very large literature on the broader issues affecting health care policy, such as concepts of social justice, ethics of resource allocation and the physician-patient relationship, all of winch ought to underpin policies for the mechanisms of funding and provision of health care systems.A conceptual diagram of a health care system is offered to provide a framework for the discussion of how the issues are interrelated at micro, meso and macro levels in policymaking. Examples of reforms to health care systems are taken from five OECD countries which share a common social, political and economic heritage: Australia, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada and the United States of America.The conclusions ++ / from this research show that theoretical incoherence pervades this most complex of policy areas, allowing the economic imperative to take precedence over the substantive health care issues.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 504-522). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Zugl.: Trier, Universiẗat, Diss., 2009.