Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Tübingen, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [398]-412) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Hamburg. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. [231]-243).

No description available.

It is the purpose of this work to study the solubility of naphthalene, the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as a function of the salt content and the temperature, in ranges that span those likely to be found in natural ecosystems. Another goal is to set up a high-pressure generator, to study the effect of pressure on the solubility of hydrocarbons.

No description available.

Lai Ho-yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-122). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.I / ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) --- p.II / ABSTRACT (CHINESE) --- p.IV / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.VI / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.IX / LIST OF TABLES --- p.V / INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Sources of oil pollution --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- Composition of oil --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Fate of oil in the environment --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5 --- Toxic effect of oil on marine ecosystem --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Acute toxicity --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Chronic toxicity --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Carcinogenicity of oil --- p.11 / Chapter 1.6 --- The origins of ecotoxicology --- p.12 / Chapter 1.7 --- Need for ecotoxicity tests --- p.13 / Chapter 1.8 --- Testings in ecotoxicology --- p.15 / OBJECTIVES --- p.17 / MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.18 / Chapter 1. --- Collection of oily wastes samples --- p.18 / Chapter 2. --- Preparation of samples --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Water-soluble fraction --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2 --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Supercritical fluid extraction --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Silica gel chromatography --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Sample concentration --- p.22 / Chapter 3. --- Chemical analyses of oily wastes --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1 --- Determination of heavy metal concentration in oily waste samples --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Nitric acid-perchloric acid digestion --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometric analysis --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2 --- Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration in oily waste samples --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration in water- soluble fraction --- p.28 / Chapter a. --- Liquid-liquid extraction --- p.28 / Chapter b. --- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of water-soluble fraction --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration in crude oily waste samples --- p.32 / Chapter a. --- Supercritical fluid extraction and silica gel column chromatography --- p.32 / Chapter b. --- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction --- p.33 / Chapter 4 --- ecotoxicological studies of oily wastes --- p.34 / Chapter 4.1 --- Toxicity tests and sample preparation --- p.34 / Chapter 4.2 --- Ecotoxicological studies of water soluble fraction --- p.34 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- "Growth inhibition test on a marine alga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa CU-2" --- p.34 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- "Survival test on a marine amphipod, Elasmopus rapax" --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- "Survival test on a marine fish, Ambassis gymnocephalus" --- p.41 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Microtox® test --- p.43 / Chapter 4.3. --- Ecotoxicological studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction --- p.45 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- "Growth inhibition test on a marine alga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa CU-2" --- p.45 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- "Survival test on a amphipod, Parhyale plumulosa" --- p.45 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- "Survival test on the fish, Sparus sarba" --- p.47 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Microtox® test --- p.49 / Chapter 5. --- Statistical analyses of chemical and ecotoxicological analyses --- p.50 / RESULTS --- p.51 / Chapter 1. --- Chemical analyses of oily wastes --- p.51 / Chapter 1.1 --- Inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometric analysis --- p.51 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Heavy metal concentration in crude oily wastes --- p.51 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Heavy metal concentration in water-soluble fraction --- p.51 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Heavy metal concentration in ploy cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction --- p.54 / Chapter 1.2 --- Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry analysis --- p.54 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration in crude oily wastes --- p.54 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentration in water-soluble fraction --- p.59 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentration in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction --- p.61 / Chapter 2. --- Ecotoxicological studies of oily wastes --- p.63 / Chapter 2.1 --- Ecotoxicological studies of water-souble fraction --- p.63 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Growth inhibition test on Chlorella pyrenoidosa CU-2 --- p.63 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Survival test on Elasmopous rapax --- p.63 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Survival test on Ambassis gymnocephalus --- p.67 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Microtox® test --- p.67 / Chapter 2.2 --- Ecotoxicological studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction --- p.70 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Growth inhibition test on Chlorella pyrenoidosa CU-2 --- p.70 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Survival test on Parhyale plumulosa --- p.70 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Survival test on Sparus sarba --- p.74 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Microtox® test --- p.74 / Chapter 3. --- Statistical analyses of chemical and ecotoxicological studies --- p.77 / Chapter 3.1 --- Statistical analyses of studies on water-soluble fraction --- p.77 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Correlation between heavy metal concentration in water-soluble fraction and toxicity tests --- p.77 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Correlation between concentration of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in water-soluble fraction and toxicity tests --- p.80 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Correlation among acute toxicity tests --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2 --- Statistical analyses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction --- p.84 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Correlation between heavy metal level and toxicity tests --- p.84 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Correlation between total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction and toxicity tests --- p.84 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Correlation between four acute toxicity tests --- p.88 / DISCUSSION --- p.91 / Chapter 1 --- Chemical analyses of oily wastes --- p.91 / Chapter 1.1 --- Inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometric analysis --- p.91 / Chapter 1.2 --- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis --- p.93 / Chapter 2. --- ecotoxicological studies of oily wastes --- p.95 / Chapter 2.1 --- Growth inhibition test on Chlorella pyrenoidosa CU-2 --- p.95 / Chapter 2.2 --- Survival tests on Elasmopus rapax and Parhyale plumulosa --- p.96 / Chapter 2.3 --- Survival test on Ambassis gymnocephalus and Sparus sarba --- p.97 / Chapter 2.4 --- Microtox® test --- p.98 / Chapter 3 --- Statistical analyses of chemical and ecotoxicological analyses --- p.99 / Chapter 4. --- statistical analyses between acute toxicity tests --- p.101 / CONCLUSION --- p.102 / REFERENCES --- p.104

Univ., Diss.--Hamburg, 2006. / Literaturverz. S. [215] - 225.

The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil platform on April 20, 2010 resulted in the second largest oil spill in history. In this study, the distribution and chemical composition of hydrocarbons within a 45 km radius of the blowout was investigated. A complete set of hydrocarbon data were acquired from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and from BP, including data from 16 research missions collected over eight weeks. The distribution of hydrocarbons was found to be more dispersed over a wider area in subsurface waters than previously predicted or reported. Several hydrocarbon plumes were identified including a near-surface plume (0.5 to 50 m), two small mid-depth plume (240 to 290 m and 850 to 880 m), and a large deepwater plume approximately 1,050 to 1,300 m below surface. Water soluble compounds were preferentially extracted from the rising oil in deepwater, and were found at potentially toxic levels both in and outside of areas previously reported to contain the majority of hydrocarbons. Data collected from different research missions were measured for a wide variety of chemical compounds, but not every sample was analyzed for the same chemical compounds. To overcome the challenge of variability in sample data, a non-parametric method of evaluating the percentage of detectable results, was used for all data analysis in addition to evaluation of total sample concentrations. The two analysis techniques yielded similar results. This approach may be useful in other studies in which samples are measured for varying number of compounds and have varying detection limits. The distribution and toxicity of hydrocarbons in sediments between August and October, 2010 was also investigated and was found to be fairly localized.