Denna studie undersöker fenomenet sexhandel och prostitution. Genom intervjuer med myndighetspersoner och ideella organisationer som arbetar för att bekämpa sexhandel och prostitution i Sverige, ville vi undersöka vilka perspektiv dessa organisationer och myndigheter har på fenomenet. Vi tittade på hur dessa beskriver situationen och hur de ser på utvecklingen av arbetet mot sexhandel och prostitution, samt hur de arbetar och vilka utmaningar de ser i Sverige. Liksom tidigare forskning visat så är detta ett växande problem med stora mörkertal där förövarna tenderar att vara anonyma och offren vanligtvis kommer från utsatta situationer, vilket driver dem in i prostitution och sexhandel. Majoriteten av offren är kvinnor från fattigare länder som säljs till Sverige genom hallickar. Då svenska män betalar betydligt mer än männen i kvinnornas hemländer, blir Sverige ett attraktivt land för sexhandel. De svenska sexköparna har övervägande god ekonomi, även om det förekommer att män från alla samhällsklasser köper sex. I och med den svenska lagstiftningen och den fria rörligheten inom Europa så köper majoriteten av de svenska sexköparna sex utomlands. Sexhandeln ger mest inkomst till hallickarna vilka behåller största delen av pengarna själva samtidigt som kvinnorna ofta sätts i beroendeställning till hallickarna genom skuldsättning och bristande språkkunskaper. Det framkom att sexhandel och prostitution drivs av krafter som förvriden människosyn, pengar, makt, sexdrift, och diskriminering. En stor bidragande orsak till att problemet fortfarande existerar och växer är efterfrågan vilken också stimuleras av pornografin. Porren harstark koppling till sexhandel och prostitution då den normaliserar en förvriden kvinnosyn, dessutom går porrkonsumtionen ner i åldrarna i dagens Sverige. Både frivilligarbetare och myndighetspersoner arbetar på olika sätt för att förebygga och bekämpa prostitution och sexhandel, genom opinionsbildning, förebyggande arbete, operativt och uppsökande arbete samt rehabilitering. De intervjuade efterfrågade mer resurser och underströk vikten och nödvändigheten av samverkan för att kunna bekämpa sexhandeln och prostitutionen.

This dissertation examines the phenomenon, understanding, and treatment of trauma at the intersection of phenomenology, psychology and neuroscience. I argue that Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenological method, with its emphasis on the conscious and embodied nature of human phenomena, provides crucial insights into the nature and treatment of combat trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). By situating the discussion of trauma and adaptation within research on the topic in neuroscience and psychology, the dissertation demonstrates how phenomenological understanding of trauma contributes fundamentally to the understanding of trauma proffered by the sciences. After discussing the history of trauma in psychology, phenomenology and neuroscience, I address traumatic memory as a prevalent feature of trauma. In traumatic memory, the victim relives rather than simply remembers the traumatic experience. I show how traumatic memory differs psychologically, neurologically, and phenomenologically from non-traumatic memory. In particular, I argue that phenomenological analysis of traumatic memory dramatically reveals the subjective and embodied character of human experiences, thereby providing psychological and neuroscientific accounts of trauma with a necessary, largely overlooked dimension of the experience. No serious study of trauma can neglect the question of adaptation. Using Merleau-Ponty’s work on adaptation, I argue that PTSD is better understood as the result of an attempt to adapt to a traumatic event than as a mental illness. In the last chapter of the dissertation I demonstrate how, against the backdrop of this interdisciplinary understanding, one specific adaptive tool to PTSD, namely, narrative therapy, can contribute positively to the process of adapting to trauma. This dissertation is the first detailed examination of combat trauma in the phenomenological tradition. Moreover, it offers new philosophical insights into the understanding and treatment of trauma. As an in-depth example of how insights from phenomenology, psychology and neuroscience can be fruitfully combined, it also provides a model of the potential of phenomenological inquiry to enhance our scientific accounts of human phenomena.

During World War I, art produced in the United States shaped various opinions about the nation's role in global affairs, whether that art supported isolation or intervention. The U.S. government called on its artists to rally public support, and for the first time in its history, the military officially commissioned eight men, most of whom were classically-trained artists who worked as illustrators, to go to the front lines on its behalf. The AEF 8, as the official artists are commonly called, created approximately 500 artworks illustrating all aspects of the First World War, which were used in the popular press and exhibitions in an attempt to connect Americans "over here" with the efforts of the soldiers "over there." By uncovering the Army's dilemma of how to visually depict a controversial war, how the military used these images, and how the public responded to them, a new understanding of early twentieth century American art comes to light, linking the conflicting approaches of pictorial representation in early American modernism. By the spring of 1918, the eight illustrators landed in Europe and began their service as captains in the Army Engineer Corps. These men--William Aylward (1875-1956), Walter Jack Duncan (1881-1941), Harvey Dunn (1884-1952), George Harding (1882-1959), Wallace Morgan (1873-1948), Ernest Peixotto (1869-1940), J. André Smith (1880-1959), and Harry Townsend (1879-1941)--had unique access to locales and opportunities during the Great War. Back home, the U.S. government rallied other artists and effectively utilized their images, either in poster, print advertisement, film, or photographic form, to elicit support for the war. The Army hoped the official combat artworks would do the same, as well as become a visual and historical record of the war. This recognition of illustration's ability to persuade--and document--coincides with the rise of advertising, illustrated books and periodicals, and new printing technologies that occurred at the fin de siècle and into the 1910s. Most illustrators received decent wages for their work, and a few reached a level of popularity that garnered them significant salaries. Yet, many in the "high art" world considered the work of commercial artists and illustrators as less significant than that in the fine arts and, furthermore, denigrated the status of the professional fine artist. However, the skills of an illustrator--to be thorough yet quick, efficient yet detailed, and truthful yet artistic--were suited perfectly for combat art production, and the occupational limitations or criticisms of being a commercial artist seemed moot in the minds of those who commissioned the AEF 8. Considering the amount of time, effort, and funding the War Department extended to the creation of this new corps of combat artists, one must question what became of the art, what its purpose was, and if it fulfilled the mission stipulated by the Army, the patron for these eight artists. The Army desired that the art reveal the hard work and hardships of the common soldier to the American public, thus eliciting support for the war. One way citizens interfaced with the art was through magazines, journals, and books. Another more public form of interaction occurred in the museum setting. The analysis of these platforms presents a broader understanding--both historical and cultural--of the ways in which the official World War I art accomplished or failed in its mission to connect with the American public.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2007. / Thesis directed by Gail Bederman for the Department of History. "July 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 353-373).

<p>This thesis investigates the possibilities to extend a tactical air combat simulator, named TACSI, with support for team behavior in fight and attack scenarios. A model for describing teamwork has been developed. The model uses plans and primitive team actions to achieve goals. A social structure is used to transfer the responsibility for making decisions from the team to a single agent within the team. Special care have been taken to allow an effctive distribution of targets within the team. In order to test the concepts of the model and to evaluate the applicability in TACSI, a limited implementation of the team behavior model have been made. The results show that the concepts of the model works and that the model is applicable in TACSI, but some things is left to be specified in order to make a complete implementation.</p>

The issue of Navy women in combat has been widely discussed since women first served during World War I. In this paper I intend to present the political, philosophical, and historical reasoning behind the changing of the regulations to allow women in combat. History shows that the Navy has faced political, social, moral and ethical problems of this nature before and has successfully dealt with them. The political interests are highly varied and are a significant force in the debate. Reasons for and against allowing Navy women to serve in combat positions cover such concerns as physical and psychological abilities, the technical nature of warfare, and the need for a larger youth cohort. In January of 1994, the time had come for combat exclusion statutes to be repealed and for the Navy to admit women into combat roles. The issue was at the forefront of the Clinton Administration's agenda and a strong public constituency was in support of eliminating the unethical practices of sexual harassment, fraternization, and other forms of gender related favoritism. The role of women in society, as a whole, had progressed from politically weak positions as homemaker and childbearer to highly influential positions as industry executives and congressional representatives. These elements, coupled with the Navy's historically documented ability to deal effectively with issues of equal opportunity and integration, were the driving force behind the changes. Gender integration will take time and undergo significant growing pains, but with continued support from political and military leadership, proper training of the troops, and the desire to win, the Navy will achieve victory in developing a gender-neutral fleet. / Graduation date: 1995

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 226-233).

From a new perspective, this paper will examine the artillery and the pike role in the period 1700-1712 and the battalion´s battle formation in the Caroline combat tactics. Carolinian battle tactics were practiced during the period 1700-1721. The results from my study will be compared to existing research opinion regarding the selected subject areas, if the result confirms the thesis or question the existing research opinion. The source material used consists of eyewitness accounts from the period consisting of diaries, memoir, biography, general muster rolls and historical literature covering the subject. The analysis shows that the Caroline artillery took part in 12 battles during the period of 1700-1712. The analysis also shows that there was a close working between the infantry and artillery in attacks. This result contradicts the existing facility research mixture view that artillery was subordinate other weaponry because it prevented the Caroline attack tempo. In the analysis of the pike role in Caroline combat tactics, reveals nothing that confirms existing research opinion that the pike was an offensive melee weapon. Instead it seems that the pikes role was a support weapon with a defensive focus. The analysis of the battalion`s battle formation shows that the Caroline battalion battle formation did not follow the regulations of the battle formation. According to the existing research the battalion´s battle formation was as required by regulations. But according to the general muster rolls, there are differences between the battalions when it comes to the relationship of forces. So the Caroline battalion battle formation could not have been strictly required by regulations.

Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. / Thesis advisor(s): Nita Lewis Miller, Saverio Manago, Matt Chesney. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-120). Also available online.

Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. / Title from title screen (viewed May 24, 2004). "December 2003." Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40). Also issued in paper format.