In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) due to ease of synthesis and improved controls placed on commercial/military explosives. Commonly used materials for IED preparations include fertilizers and industrial chemicals containing oxidizers such as ClO3-, ClO4-, and NO3-, as well as other less stable compounds, such as peroxides. Due to these materials having a wide range of volatility, polarity, and composition, detection can be challenging, increasing the amount of time before any analytical information on the identity of the explosive can be determined. Therefore, this research project developed two analytical methods to aid in the rapid detection of multiple explosive compounds. The use of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) allows for the development of inexpensive paper devices utilizing colorimetric reactions, which can perform five or more simultaneous analyses in approximately five minutes. Two devices were developed: one for the detection of inorganic explosives including ClO3-, ClO4-, NH4+, NO3-, and NO2-, and the second device detects high/organic explosives including RDX, TNT, urea nitrate, and peroxides. Limits of detection ranged from 0.4 µg – 20 µg of explosive residue with an analysis time of less than five minutes. Development of a confirmatory method utilizing infusion electrochemical detection-electrospray ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (EC-ESI-TOF MS) and 18-crown-6 ethers to produce guest/host complexes with inorganic ions has also been completed. Utilizing this method the inorganic ions present in many IEDs can be successfully detected as ion pairs, while still allowing for the detection of other high explosives1. Placing an electrochemical detector before the mass spectrometer permits the detection of hydrogen peroxide, an analyte normally difficult to detect through mass spectrometry. Limits of detection ranged from 0.06 ppm - 2 ppm with an analysis time of less than two minutes. The development of these presumptive and confirmatory analytical methods permits the detection of a wide range of components present in IEDs. These methods decrease the amount of time required to relay information on the type of explosives present by simplifying the analysis process in the field and in a laboratory.

<div>The use of computational approaches to understand kinase substrate preference has been a powerful tool in the search to develop artificial peptide probes to monitor kinase activity, however, most of these efforts focus on a small portion of the human kinome. The use of high throughput techniques to identify known kinase substrates plays an important role in development of sensitive protein kinase activity assays.</div><div>The KINATEST-ID pipeline is an example of a computational tool that uses known kinase substrate sequence information to identify kinase substrate preference. This approach was used to design three artificial substrates for ABL, JAK2 and SRC family kinases. These biosensors were used to design ELISA and lanthanide-based assays to monitor in vitro kinase activity. The KINATEST-ID pipeline relies on a high number of reported kinase substrates to predict artificial substrate sequences, however, not all kinases have the sufficient number of known substrates to make an accurate prediction. </div><div>The adaptation of kinase assay linked with phosphoproteomics technique was used to increase the number of known FLT3 kinase variant substrate sequences. Subsequently, a set of data formatting tools were developed to curate the mass spectrometry data to become compatible with a command line version of the KINATEST-ID pipeline modules. This approach was used to design seven pan-FLT3 artificial substrate (FAStides) sequences. The pair of FAStides that were deemed the most sensitive toward FLT3 kinase phosphorylation were assayed in increasing concentrations of clinically relevant tyrosine kinase inhibitors. </div><div>To improve the automation of the mass spectrometry data analysis and formatting for use with the KINATEST-ID pipeline, a streamlined process was developed within a bioinformatic platform, GalaxyP. The data formatting tools used to process the FLT3 mass spectrometry data were converted into compatible versions to execute within the GalaxyP framework. This process was used to design four BTK artificial substrates (BAStide) to monitor kinase activity. Additionally, one of the BAStide sequences was designed in the lanthanide chelating motif to develop an antibody-free activity assay for BTK. </div><div>Lastly, a multicolored time resolved lanthanide assay was designed by labeling SYK artificial substrate and a SRC family artificial substrate to measure the activity of both kinases in the same kinase reaction. This highlighted the functionality of lanthanide-based time resolved assays for potential multiplexing assay development. </div><div><br></div>

This work describes actual state of open-source browsers on the Android platform and compares their features. It describes webpage classification problem and methods how to detect porn websites. It also shows a design of a system for blocking and detection of webpages with adult content and its implementation. For pornography detection there were used text based methods but also methods based on detection in images from web page with deep learning. Implemented solution was tested with experiments and described. The last chapter contains summarization of this work and proposal of improvements.