Although the locomotive of a train is energized, in general, other railcars are not. This prevents commercial rail companies from installing sensor equipment on the railcars. Thus, several different solutions have been proposed to provide energy for commercial railcars. One such solution is a vibration-based energy harvester which can be mounted in the suspension coils of the railcar. The harvester translates the linear motion of the suspension vibration into rotational motion to turn a 3-phase AC generator. When subjected to real-world suspension displacements, the harvester is capable of generating peak energy levels in excess of 70 W, although the average energy harvested is much lower, around 1 W. A battery pack can be used to store the useful energy harvested. However, a power conditioning circuit is required to convert the 3-phase AC energy from the harvester into DC for the battery pack. The power converter should be capable of extracting maximum power from the energy harvester as well as acting as a battery manager. Experimental results with the energy harvester conclude that maximum power can be extracted if the harvester is loaded with 2 . In order to maintain a constant input impedance, the duty cycle of the power converter must be fixed. Conversely, output regulation requires the duty cycle to change dynamically. Consequently, there is a tradeoff between extracting maximum power and prolonging the battery life cycle. The proposed converter design aims to achieve both maximum power transfer and battery protection by automatically switching between control modes. The proposed converter design uses an inverting buck-boost converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode to maintain a constant input impedance through a fixed duty cycle. This constant input impedance mode is used to extract maximum power from the harvester when the battery is not close to fully charged. When the battery is near fully charged, extracting maximum power is not as important and the duty cycle can be controlled to regulate the output. Specifically, one-cycle control is used to regulate the output by monitoring the input voltage and adjusting the duty cycle accordingly. Finally, the converter is designed to shut down once the battery has been fully charged to prevent overcharging. The result is a power converter that extracts maximum power from the energy harvester for as long as possible before battery protection techniques are implemented. Previous related studies are discussed, tradeoffs in converter design are explained in detail, and an experimental prototype is used to confirm operation of the proposed control scheme. / Master of Science

Submitted by Morgana Silva (morgana_linhares@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-26T17:27:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7246392 bytes, checksum: bc6852979d737d37cb3dc2d3c4ea5da8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-26T17:27:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7246392 bytes, checksum: bc6852979d737d37cb3dc2d3c4ea5da8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The high use of reactive and non linear loads connected to the power grid have been led to a growing concern about power quality and this have been promote development of controlled rectifiers and parallel active filters using different control techniques. At this work is done a review of One Cycle Control (OCC) technique, applied to a Parallel Active Power Filter, instead other control techniques, implemented over DSP. The control strategy guarantee the unity power factor and the reduction of harmonics currents, in this system no grid voltage sensors are used. The validation of this work occurred through simulations in the software PSCAD and experimental results to settings of a parallel active power filter with a nonlinear and unbalanced load and for a a nonlinear and balanced load with a power grid which have common mode voltage. / A elevada utilização de cargas não lineares e reativas conectadas à rede elétrica têm levado a uma preocupação crescente com questões relacionadas à qualidade de energia, impulsionando a aplicação de diferentes técnicas de controle na operação de retificadores controlados e filtros ativos. Neste trabalho é feita uma avaliação da técnica de controle por ciclo (OCC – One Cycle Control) aplicada a um filtro ativo de potência paralelo, como alternativa a outras técnicas utilizadas para correção do fator de potência e distorções harmônicas, implementado através de um DSP. A estratégia de controle garante o fator de potência próximo à unidade e a redução de distorções harmônicas na corrente, não sendo utilizados sensores de tensão na rede. A validação do método utilizado ocorreu através de simulações no software PSCAD/EMTDC e resultados experimentais para cenários de um filtro ativo de potência paralelo com carga não linear e desbalanceada, e carga não linear e balanceada tendo como alimentação uma fonte de tensão que inclui uma componente de modo comum.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:38:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudio Bruning.pdf: 22335027 bytes, checksum: fe824200f322a8e500ff651ebdad0fcd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In 2017 the standards organization(s) in the North American and European markets are reducing the allowable limits for harmonic distortion which may increase the need for PFC circuits; therefore, this paper presents study on a rectifier design with high power factor applied in a home appliance refrigerator that meets the requirements of North American and European markets. The electronic board must drive a refrigerator compressor that uses a linear technology. A comparison between different solutions is presented from which two were selected for implementation. These solutions, known as bridgeless PFC, integrate the rectification and the CC-CC conversion in the same stage reducing the conduction losses. The One Cycle Control (OCC) technique was selected due to its simpler auxiliary circuit requirements. Dynamic modeling and quantitative analysis of the converter was performed and a design methodology was derived. This methodology was used to design and build a 300𝑊 prototype with a bus voltage of 390𝑉 and input voltage with two different ranges, 97𝑉 up to 140𝑉 and 180𝑉 up to 264𝑉 . The results include steady state and transient analyses, efficiency, thermal performance and harmonics standards analyses. / Este trabalho apresenta o estudo de um retificador com elevado fator de potência no controle eletrônico de um refrigerador destinado aos mercados norte-americano e europeu, o qual faz uso de um compressor com tecnologia linear. A demanda decorre dos requisitos normativos exigidos por estes mercados, os quais possivelmente a partir de 2017 só poderão ser atendidos com a utilização de circuitos retificadores com elevado fator de potência. Apresenta-se uma comparação entre diferentes soluções, dentre as quais duas foram selecionadas mantendo-se a mesma plataforma. Estas soluções são conhecidas como bridgeless e integram as etapas de retificação e conversão CC-CC em um único estágio, possibilitando a diminuição das perdas por condução. Foi selecionada a técnica conhecida como One Cycle Control (OCC) devido a simplificação dos circuitos auxiliares necessários. Para a implementação do protótipo, é realizada a modelagem dinâmica e a análise quantitativa dos conversores, bem como a definição de todos os componentes necessários. Os conversores são desenvolvidos para atuar até 300 𝑊 com tensão de barramento de 390 𝑉 e tensão eficaz de entrada entre 97 𝑉 140 𝑉 e 180 𝑉 −264 𝑉 . O protótipo é avaliado em condições de regime permanente, transitória, verificação da eficiência, avaliação térmica e atendimento das normas necessárias.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioWAS_DISSERT.pdf: 2078440 bytes, checksum: 8f0b0683ae325a95be82dafa64af1734 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The use of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for development of digital control strategies for power electronics applications has aroused a growing interest of many researchers. This interest is due to the great advantages offered by FPGA, which include: lower design effort, high performance and highly flexible prototyping. This work proposes the development and implementation of an unified one-cycle controller for boost CFP rectifier based on FPGA. This controller can be applied to a total of twelve converters, six inverters and six rectifiers defined by four single phase VSI topologies and three voltage modulation types. The topologies considered in this work are: full-bridge, interleaved full-bridge, half-bridge and interleaved half-bridge. While modulations are classified in bipolar voltage modulation (BVM), unipolar voltage modulation (UVM) and clamped voltage modulation (CVM). The proposed project is developed and prototyped using tools Matlab/Simulink? together with the DSP Builder library provided by Altera?. The proposed controller was validated with simulation and experimental results / A utiliza??o de Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) para o desenvolvimento de estrat?gias de controle digital para aplica??es em eletr?nica de pot?ncia tem despertado um crescente interesse entre muitos pesquisadores. Tal interesse se deve as grandes vantagens apresentadas pelo FPGA, que incluem: menor esfor?o de projeto, alto desempenho e grande flexibilidade de prototipagem. Este trabalho prop?e o desenvolvimento e implementa??o de um controlador unificado, mediante o uso de FPGA, utilizando a t?cnica de controle de um ciclo (One-Cycle Control Technique) para corre??o de fator de pot?ncia com retificadores boost. Este controlador pode ser aplicado a um total de doze conversores, sendo seis inversores e seis retificadores, definidos pela topologia e pelo tipo de modula??o de tens?o. As topologias consideradas neste trabalho s?o: ponte completa, ponte completa intercalada, meia ponte e meia ponte intercalada. Enquanto que as modula??es s?o classificadas em modula??o bipolar de tens?o (MBT), modula??o unipolar de tens?o (MUT) e modula??o com grampeamento de tens?o (MGT). O projeto ? desenvolvido e prototipado utilizando as ferramentas Matlab?/Simulink em conjunto com a biblioteca DSP Builder, disponibilizada pela Altera?. O controlador proposto ? com resultados de simula??o e experimentais