Ontology has been developed to offer a commonly agreed understanding of a domain that is required for knowledge representation, knowledge exchange and reuse across domains. Therefore, ontology organizes information into taxonomies of terms (i.e., concepts, attributes) and shows the relationships between them. In fact, it is considered to be helpful in reducing conceptual confusion for users who need to share applications of different kinds, so it is widely used to capture and organize knowledge in a given domain. Although ontologies are considered to provide a solution to data heterogeneity, from another point of view, the available ontologies could themselves introduce heterogeneity problems. In order to deal with these problems, ontologies must be available for sharing or reusing; therefore, semantic heterogeneity and structural differences need to be resolved among ontologies. This can be done, in some cases, by aligning or matching heterogeneous ontologies. Thus, establishing the relationships between terms in the different ontologies is needed throughout ontology alignment. Semantic interoperability can be established in ontology reconciliation. The original problem is called the ―ontology alignment‖. The alignment of ontologies is concerned with the identification of the semantic relationships (subsumption, equivalence, etc.) that hold between the constituent entities (which can be classes, properties, etc.) of two ontologies. In this thesis, an ontology alignment technique has been developed in order to facilitate communication and build a bridge between ontologies. An efficient mechanism has been developed in order to align entities from ontologies in different description languages (e.g. OWL, RDF) or in the same language. This approach tries to use all the features of ontologies (concept, attributes, relations, structure, etc.) in order to obtain efficiency and high quality results. For this purpose, several matching techniques have been used such as string, structure, heuristic and linguistic matchingtechniques with thesaurus support, as well as human intervention in certain cases, to obtain high quality results. The main aim of the work is to introduce a method for finding semantic correspondences among heterogeneous ontologies, with the intention of supporting interoperability over given domains. The approach brings together techniques in modelling, string matching, computation linguistics, structure matching and heuristic matching, in order to provide a semi-automatic alignment framework and prototype alignment system to support the procedure of ontology alignment in order to improve semantic interoperability in heterogeneous systems. This technique integrates some important features in matching in order to achieve high quality results, which will help when searching and exchanging information between ontologies. Moreover, an ontology alignment system illustrates the solving of the key issues related to heterogeneous ontologies, which uses combination-matching strategies to execute the ontology-matching task. Therefore, it can be used to discover the matching between ontologies. This thesis also describes a prototype implementation of this approach in many real-world case studies extracted from various Web resources. Evaluating our system is done throughout the experiments provided by the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative. The system successfully achieved 93% accuracy for ontology matching. Finally, a comparison between our system and well-known tools is achieved so that our system can be evaluated.

Title: Ontology Enrichment Based on Unstructured Text Data Author: Ivana Lukšová Department: Department of Software Engineering Supervisor: Mgr. Martin Nečaský, Ph.D., Department of Software Engi- neering Abstract: Semantic annotation, attaching semantic information to text data, is a fundamental task in the knowledge extraction. Several ontology-based semantic annotation platforms have been proposed in recent years. However, the process of automated ontology engineering is still a challenging problem. In this paper, a new semi-automatic method for ontology enrichment based on unstructured text is presented to facilitate this process. NLP and ma- chined learning methods are employed to extract new ontological elements, such as concepts and relations, from text. Our method achieves F-measure up to 71% for concepts extraction and up to 68% for relations extraction. Keywords: ontology, machine learning, knowledge extraction 1

The massive use of Internet-based connectivity of devices such as smartphones and sensors has led to the emergence of Internet of Things(IoT). Healthcare is one of the areas that IoT-based applications deployment is becoming more successful. However, the deployment of IoT in healthcare faces one major challenge, the selection of IoT devices by stakeholders (for example, patients, caregivers, health professionals and other government agencies) given an amount of available IoT devices based on a disease(for ex-ample, Asthma) or various healthcare scenarios (for example, disease management, prevention and rehabilitation). Since healthcare stakeholders currently do not have enough knowledge about IoT, the IoT devices selection process has to proceed in a way that it allows users to have more detailed information about IoT devices for example, Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, cost, availability(manufacturer), device placement and associated disease. To address this challenge, this thesis work proposes, develops and validates a novel Semantic sEnsor sElection system(iSEE) for healthcare. This thesis also develops iSEE system prototype and Smart Healthcare Ontology(SHO). A Java application is built to allow users for querying our developed SHO in an efficient way.The iSEE system is evaluated based on query response time and the result-set for the queries. Further, we evaluate SHO using Competency Questions(CQs). The conducted evaluations show that our iSEE system can be used efficiently to support stakeholders within the healthcare domain.

The Kinds of Mathematical Objects is an exploration of the taxonomy of the mathematical realm and the metaphysics of mathematical objects. I defend antireductionism about cardinals and ordinals: the view that no cardinal number and no ordinal number is a set. Instead, I suggest, cardinals and ordinals are sui generis abstract objects, essentially linked to specific abstraction functors (higher-order functions corresponding to operators in abstraction principles). Sets, in contrast, are not essentially values of abstraction functors: the best explanation of the nature of sethood is given by a variation on the standard iterative account. I further defend the theses that no cardinal number is an ordinal number and that the natural numbers are, as Frege maintained, all and only the finite cardinal numbers. My case for these conclusions relies not on the well-known antireductionist argument developed by Paul Benacerraf, but on considerations about ontological dependence. I argue that, given generally accepted principles about the dependence of a set on its elements, ordinal and cardinal numbers have dependence profiles that are not compatible with any version of set-theoretic ontological reductionism. In addition, a formal framework for set theory with sui generis abstract objects is developed on a type-theoretical basis. I give a philosophical defence of the choice of type theory and discuss various questions relating to the nature of its models.

Chan, Li Choi Raymond. / Thesis submitted in: November 2007. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-135). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Introduction --- p.2 / Chapter Chapter 1: --- The Problematic of Ground --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1 --- The Problem of Ground in Traditional Philosophy --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Metaphysical Ground: Aristotle and First Cause --- p.13 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Epistemological Ground: Descartes and Archimedean Point of Knowledge --- p.22 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Theological Ground: Leibniz and God as the Sufficient Reason --- p.26 / Chapter 1.2 --- The Problem of Ground in Early Heidegger --- p.27 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- The Question of Being and the Problem of Ground --- p.28 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- The Task of Fundamental Ontology --- p.35 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- The Problem of Ground as the Problem of Transcendence --- p.39 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Dasein and World --- p.43 / Chapter 2.1 --- The Concept of Dasein --- p.45 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Existence and In-each-case-mineness --- p.46 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Care --- p.51 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Understanding-of-Being --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Concept of World --- p.57 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Analysis of Tools --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- World as Reference Whole --- p.61 / Chapter 2.3 --- Being-in-the-world and Dasein as Disclosedness --- p.64 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- "Transcendence, Truth and Ground" --- p.70 / Chapter 3.1 --- Intentionality and Transcendence --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- The Concept of Intentionality in Husserl --- p.75 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Transcendence and Immanence in a Phenomenological Sense --- p.80 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Ontic and Originary Transcendence --- p.82 / Chapter 3.2 --- Transcendence of Dasein --- p.90 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- The Problem of Transcendence: Transcendence of World and Transcendence of Dasein --- p.90 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Transcendence as Projection World --- p.94 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- World-entry --- p.100 / Chapter 3.3 --- Transcendence and Truth --- p.103 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Ontic and Ontological Truth --- p.104 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Transcendence as the Ground of Truth --- p.108 / Chapter 3.4 --- Transcendence and Ground --- p.111 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Transcendence as Primordial Grounding --- p.112 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Freedom and Abyss of Ground --- p.116 / Conclusion --- p.121 / Glossary --- p.126

How to Avoid Huge Ships and An Index of the Matters is a collection of poems divided into two sections, "How to Avoid Huge Ships" and "An Index of the Matters." These poems inhabit a wide variety of (primarily free-verse) forms, and range in length from a few dozen words to more than eight pages. The first section, "How to Avoid Huge Ships," is itself divided into three parts, or "questions," which engage with a variety of themes, including ontology, alienation, memory and domesticity. The second section, "An Index of the Matters," is a series of linked poems that lean heavily for much of their diction and syntax on an 1855 Portuguese-English phrasebook, O Novo Guia de Conversação, em Portuguez e Inglez, em Duas Partes, by José da Fonseca and Pedro Carolino. These poems share a common situation, in that they locate themselves within a particular domestic setting--a particular life, lived in a house-shaped house--which they observe, approach and explore from all angles. They concern themselves with "indexing" the quotidian "matters" of this shared life, seeking to illuminate what hides beneath the everydayness.

In 2003, Pomeroy et al. published a research study that described a gene expression based prediction of central nervous system embryonal tumour (CNS) outcome. Over a half of decade, many models and approaches have been developed based on experimental data consisting of 99 samples with 7,129 genes. The way, how meaningful knowledge from these models can be extracted, and how this knowledge for further research is still a hot topic. This thesis addresses this and has developed an information method that includes modelling of interactive patterns, important genes discovery and visualisation of the obtained knowledge. The major goal of this thesis is to discover important genes responsible for CNS tumour and import these genes into a well structured knowledge framework system, called Brain-Gene-Ontology. In this thesis, we take the first step towards finding the most accurate model for analysing the CNS tumour by offering a comparative study of global, local and personalised modelling. Five traditional modelling approaches and a new personalised method – WWKNN (weighted distance, weighted variables K-nearest neighbours) – are investigated. To increase the classification accuracy and one-vs.-all based signal to- noise ratio is also developed for pre-processing experimental data. For the knowledge discovery, CNS-based ontology system is developed. Through ontology analysis, 21 discriminate genes are found to be relevant for different CNS tumour classes, medulloblastoma tumour subclass and medulloblastoma treatment outcome. All the findings in this thesis contribute for expanding the information space of the BGO framework.

This thesis presents a critical reading of the theme of phenomenology in the work of the contemporary French philosopher Alain Badiou. My criticism is exercised through a reading of Badiou’s references to this theme. I demonstrate that Badiou’s magnum opus, Being and Event, and its sequel, Logiques des Mondes, are the two pillars between which the philosopher exercises his constructive attack against the phenomenological tradition. I argue that Badiou’s developmental logic is driven by a subterranean and disavowed dialogue with phenomenology, a tradition he deliberately marginalises. / The thesis begins with a literature review of academic responses currently in circulation. Six respondents and their critiques of Badiou’s enterprise are examined for key points, significance to this research, gaps and omissions, and consequences thereof. Each respondent’s primary focus (for example, existential criticism or the phenomenon) is detailed for its specific connection to Badiou’s disregard for phenomenology. The thesis then examines ten of Badiou’s works and meticulously lists specific references (or lack thereof) to phenomenology. I demonstrate that Badiou’s philosophical arguments all carry the ghost of phenomenology that the philosopher has, largely, left unexamined. / The thesis ends with a detailed exegesis of Badiou’s most recent text, Logiques des Mondes. With the release of this text, Badiou returns to the question of phenomenology to present an explicit position regarding questions of experience, existence, phenomenality and appearing. Badiou’s references to phenomenology throughout his texts prior to the release of this sequel are clearly marginal, but his attack on the phenomenological tradition is renewed here via a new theory of appearing. Highly dependent on arguments established in Being and Event, Badiou’s theory of appearing provides him with a superior mathematico-logical model (category theory and set theory) to explain the philosophical notions of ontology (what-is) and being-there (there-is) which create the material world.

An ontology is a formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization. Formalizing an ontology for a domain is a tedious and cumbersome process. It is constrained by the knowledge acquisition bottleneck (KAB). There exists a large number of text corpora that can be used for classification in order to create ontologies with the intention to provide better support for the intended parties. In our research we provide a novel unsupervised bottom-up ontology generation method. This method is based on lexico-semantic structures and Bayesian reasoning to expedite the ontology generation process. This process also provides evidence to domain experts to build ontologies based on top-down approaches.

Univ., Diss.--Freiburg, 2005.