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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Exploring Prognostic Factors Associated with Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Fractures of the Tibial Shaft

Mundi, Raman January 2016 (has links)
The following graduate thesis aims to identify important clinical variables, including injury, treatment and healing characteristics, that serve as prognostic indicators for complications in patients with fractures of the tibial shaft. In particular, the complications of focus in this thesis are surgical site infections and nonunion. The three analytical studies comprising this thesis were derived from large data sets arising from two randomized controlled trials and an observational cohort study. The first chapter (Open Tibial Fractures: Updated Guidelines for Management) is a published literature review that provides an overall introduction to the thesis. It highlights the paucity of high-quality evidence currently available to inform many of the treatment strategies for patients with open fractures of the tibial shaft. The second chapter (Timing of Irrigation & Debridement and Infection Risk in Severe Open Fractures) is a sub-study of all open fracture patients recruited in the International Orthopaedic Multicenter Study (INORMUS) in Fracture Care. The findings of this study suggest that timing delays to irrigation and debridement for patients with open fracture injuries is associated with an increased risk of surgical site infection. The third and fourth chapters evaluate the association between early healing measures and nonunion in patients with tibial fractures. Specifically, chapter three (Exploring the Association of 3-Month Radiographic Union Score for Tibia Fractures (RUST) with Nonunion in Tibial Shaft Fracture Patients) demonstrates that radiographic healing at three months post-operatively is strongly associated with nonunion at one year. Similarly, chapter four (Nonunion in Patients with Tibial Shaft Fractures—Can Early Functional Status Predict Healing?) demonstrates that functional status at three months post-operatively is also correlated to eventual healing. Both of these studies include patients from the randomized controlled trials, SPRINT (Study to Prospectively Evaluate Reamed Intramedullary Nails in Patients with Tibial Fractures) and FLOW (Fluid Lavage of Open Wounds). / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / The enclosed thesis work evaluates outcomes in patients with fractures primarily of the tibial shaft. In particular, the comprised studies assess whether certain characteristics, such as injury factors, treatment variables and early healing progression, are associated with adverse outcomes in these patients. One study found that delays in timing to appropriate surgical care for patients with open fractures (open wound at the site of the fracture) leads to greater risk of infection. Furthermore, two studies found that both the level of radiographic healing and functional status of patients at three months from surgery can help predict if the patient will ultimately heal radiographically at one year from injury. The findings of this thesis work should help orthopaedic care providers identify patients at high risk for infections and nonunions, such that these patients can be closely monitored to minimize the risk of such complications.
2

Controlling parameters for normal and shear behaviour of rock fractures-a study of direct shear test data from SKB

Melin, Hanna January 2012 (has links)
The deep mining and civil engineering industry need to perform rock stability analyses during excavation projects. The stability is mainly controlled by the shear strength of the rock fractures, which are the weakest point of the rock mass. In turn, the shear strength is governed by the mechanical properties of the fractures. It is both time and cost demanding to determine the properties of the rock fractures in laboratory. Also, the interpretation of the results requires a deep understanding of the normal and shear behaviour of rock fractures. This study aims to investigate if it is possible to determine the peak shear strength of rock fractures by merely estimating fracture parameters during field mapping and core logging. SKB supplied test results on drilled bore cores from site investigations in Forsmark and Laxemar for deep nuclear waste deposits. SKB generated data of high quality and in large quantity, which made it very valuable for the purpose of the study. The study begins with a literature review and an interaction matrix, clarifying the relationships between mechanical properties and affecting parameters of rock fractures. The predicted relationships of the parameters are then tested in an analysis based on the compiled data from SKB. The results show that the peak friction angle, the residual friction angle and the dilation angle are possible to approximate for open granite fractures in deep mining projects. Further on, the study proposes that the joint matching coefficient is included in the field mapping and core logging since it has a strong influence on the mechanical behaviour of the fracture, notably the normal and shear stiffness. Finally, the study questions estimations of JRC on small samples.
3

Incidência e fatores associados à ocorrência de infecção de sítio cirúrgico nas fraturas diafisárias do fêmur e da tíbia tratadas com haste intramedular: estudo prospectivo / Incidence and factors associated with the occurrence of surgical site infection in femoral and tibial diaphyseal fractures treated with intramedullary nailing: prospective study

Oliveira, Priscila Rosalba Domingos de 27 June 2018 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: As fraturas diafisárias do fêmur e da tíbia encontram-se em destaque devido a sua elevada incidência e alto impacto econômico e social. A osteossíntese com uso da haste intramedular (HIM) é o procedimento cirúrgico de escolha. A infecção de sítio cirúrgico (ISC) relacionada a HIM é considerada uma complicação grave e de difícil tratamento. OBJETIVOS: 1. Determinar a incidência de ISC após a implantação de HIM para fixação de fraturas diafisárias de fêmur e tíbia. 2. Avaliar os possíveis fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo observacional do tipo coorte. Para definição de ISC, foram utilizados os critérios do CDC-NHSN. A incidência de ISC foi calculada como a relação entre o número de pacientes com ISC em relação ao número total de pacientes. Para avaliação dos potenciais fatores associados, foram analisados aqueles relacionados aos pacientes (idade, gênero, índice de massa corpórea, presença de focos ativos de infecção à distância, presença condições imunossupressoras, avaliação de estado físico segundo escore ASA, etilismo, tabagismo, uso de drogas ilícitas, politrauma, etiologia do trauma, tipo de fratura quanto à exposição óssea, classificação da fratura segundo Müller AO, classificação segundo Tcherne para as fraturas fechadas, classificação segundo Gustilo-Anderson para as fraturas expostas, permanência em outro serviço de saúde, uso prévio de fixador externo, antecedente de manipulação cirúrgica na topografia da fratura, uso de hemoderivados); dos fatores relacionados ao ambiente cirúrgico e ao ato operatório (classificação da ferida quanto ao potencial de contaminação, duração da cirurgia, tricotomia, possível contaminação intraoperatória, uso de antimicrobianos relacionados ao procedimento cirúrgico, uso de drenos, ocorrência de hipotermia ou hipóxia no período perioperatório, tipo de HIM utilizada, fresagem, necessidade de necessidade de reparo do revestimento cutâneo associado à topografia da fratura, uso de terapia por pressão negativa) e dos fatores relacionados à microbiota (colonização por S. aureus ou A. baumannii). RESULTADOS: 221 pacientes foram incluídos e completaram o período de 12 meses de seguimento. A incidência de ISC associada à osteossíntese com HIM foi de 11,8%. Na análise inicial por regressão logística não ajustada, os seguintes fatores apresentaram associação com ISC: etiologia do trauma relacionada a acidentes de carro e bicicleta, classificação Müller AO do traço da fratura 2 ou 3, uso prévio de fixador externo, cirurgias com maiores tempos de duração, uso de drenos, uso de terapia por pressão negativa e necessidade de reparo do revestimento cutâneo na topografia da fratura. Na análise ajustada por regressão logística múltipla, contudo, apenas o uso prévio de fixador externo e a necessidade de reparo do revestimento cutâneo mantiveram-se associados à ocorrência de ISC. CONCLUSÕES: A incidência de ISC associada à fixação de fraturas diafisárias de fêmur e tíbia com HIM foi de 11,8%. O uso prévio de fixadores externos e a necessidade de reparo do revestimento cutâneo na topografia da fratura foram fatores associados à ocorrência de infecção / BACKGROUND: Diaphyseal fractures of femur and tibia are prominent due to its high incidence and high economic and social impact. Intramedullary nailing (IN) is the surgical procedure of choice. Surgical site infection (SSI) related to this procedure is considered a difficult to treat complication. OBJECTIVES: Determine the incidence of SSI after IM in femoral and tibial diaphyseal fractures and evaluate possible risk factors. METHODS: Prospective observational cohort study. SSI was defined according to CDC-NHSN criteria. Incidence of SSI was calculated as the ratio between the number of patients with SSI and total number of patients. Analysis of potential risk factors included patients-related factors (age, gender, body mass index, active foci of infection, immunosuppressive conditions, ASA score, alcohol or illicit drug abuse, smoking, polytrauma, etiology of fracture, type of fracture if closed or open, classification of fracture according to Müller AO, Tcherne classification for closed fractures, to Gustilo-Anderson classification for open fractures, previous surgical manipulation, use of blood products); environmental and surgical-related factors (surgical wound classification, duration of surgery, hair removal, intraoperative contamination, antimicrobial use, presence of drains, hypothermia or hypoxia in the perioperative period, type of IN used, reaming, need for muscle or skin flap repair, use of negative pressure therapy) and microbiotarelated factors (S. aureus and A. baumannii colonization). RESULTS: 221 patients were included and completed the 12-month follow-up period. Incidence of SSI was 11.8%. In the initial analysis by unadjusted logistic regression, following factors were associated SSI: trauma etiology related to car and bicycle accidents, Müller AO classification of the fracture morphology groups 2 or 3, previous use of external fixator, surgeries with larger length of time, presence of drains, use of negative pressure therapy and need for muscle or skin flap repair. In the multiple logistic regression-adjusted analysis, previous use of external fixator and need for muscle or skin flap repair remained associated with SSI. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of SSI associated with IN for femoral and tibial diaphyseal fractures was 11.8%. Previous use of external fixators and need for muscle or skin flap repair were factors associated with occurrence of infection
4

Incidência e fatores associados à ocorrência de infecção de sítio cirúrgico nas fraturas diafisárias do fêmur e da tíbia tratadas com haste intramedular: estudo prospectivo / Incidence and factors associated with the occurrence of surgical site infection in femoral and tibial diaphyseal fractures treated with intramedullary nailing: prospective study

Priscila Rosalba Domingos de Oliveira 27 June 2018 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: As fraturas diafisárias do fêmur e da tíbia encontram-se em destaque devido a sua elevada incidência e alto impacto econômico e social. A osteossíntese com uso da haste intramedular (HIM) é o procedimento cirúrgico de escolha. A infecção de sítio cirúrgico (ISC) relacionada a HIM é considerada uma complicação grave e de difícil tratamento. OBJETIVOS: 1. Determinar a incidência de ISC após a implantação de HIM para fixação de fraturas diafisárias de fêmur e tíbia. 2. Avaliar os possíveis fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo observacional do tipo coorte. Para definição de ISC, foram utilizados os critérios do CDC-NHSN. A incidência de ISC foi calculada como a relação entre o número de pacientes com ISC em relação ao número total de pacientes. Para avaliação dos potenciais fatores associados, foram analisados aqueles relacionados aos pacientes (idade, gênero, índice de massa corpórea, presença de focos ativos de infecção à distância, presença condições imunossupressoras, avaliação de estado físico segundo escore ASA, etilismo, tabagismo, uso de drogas ilícitas, politrauma, etiologia do trauma, tipo de fratura quanto à exposição óssea, classificação da fratura segundo Müller AO, classificação segundo Tcherne para as fraturas fechadas, classificação segundo Gustilo-Anderson para as fraturas expostas, permanência em outro serviço de saúde, uso prévio de fixador externo, antecedente de manipulação cirúrgica na topografia da fratura, uso de hemoderivados); dos fatores relacionados ao ambiente cirúrgico e ao ato operatório (classificação da ferida quanto ao potencial de contaminação, duração da cirurgia, tricotomia, possível contaminação intraoperatória, uso de antimicrobianos relacionados ao procedimento cirúrgico, uso de drenos, ocorrência de hipotermia ou hipóxia no período perioperatório, tipo de HIM utilizada, fresagem, necessidade de necessidade de reparo do revestimento cutâneo associado à topografia da fratura, uso de terapia por pressão negativa) e dos fatores relacionados à microbiota (colonização por S. aureus ou A. baumannii). RESULTADOS: 221 pacientes foram incluídos e completaram o período de 12 meses de seguimento. A incidência de ISC associada à osteossíntese com HIM foi de 11,8%. Na análise inicial por regressão logística não ajustada, os seguintes fatores apresentaram associação com ISC: etiologia do trauma relacionada a acidentes de carro e bicicleta, classificação Müller AO do traço da fratura 2 ou 3, uso prévio de fixador externo, cirurgias com maiores tempos de duração, uso de drenos, uso de terapia por pressão negativa e necessidade de reparo do revestimento cutâneo na topografia da fratura. Na análise ajustada por regressão logística múltipla, contudo, apenas o uso prévio de fixador externo e a necessidade de reparo do revestimento cutâneo mantiveram-se associados à ocorrência de ISC. CONCLUSÕES: A incidência de ISC associada à fixação de fraturas diafisárias de fêmur e tíbia com HIM foi de 11,8%. O uso prévio de fixadores externos e a necessidade de reparo do revestimento cutâneo na topografia da fratura foram fatores associados à ocorrência de infecção / BACKGROUND: Diaphyseal fractures of femur and tibia are prominent due to its high incidence and high economic and social impact. Intramedullary nailing (IN) is the surgical procedure of choice. Surgical site infection (SSI) related to this procedure is considered a difficult to treat complication. OBJECTIVES: Determine the incidence of SSI after IM in femoral and tibial diaphyseal fractures and evaluate possible risk factors. METHODS: Prospective observational cohort study. SSI was defined according to CDC-NHSN criteria. Incidence of SSI was calculated as the ratio between the number of patients with SSI and total number of patients. Analysis of potential risk factors included patients-related factors (age, gender, body mass index, active foci of infection, immunosuppressive conditions, ASA score, alcohol or illicit drug abuse, smoking, polytrauma, etiology of fracture, type of fracture if closed or open, classification of fracture according to Müller AO, Tcherne classification for closed fractures, to Gustilo-Anderson classification for open fractures, previous surgical manipulation, use of blood products); environmental and surgical-related factors (surgical wound classification, duration of surgery, hair removal, intraoperative contamination, antimicrobial use, presence of drains, hypothermia or hypoxia in the perioperative period, type of IN used, reaming, need for muscle or skin flap repair, use of negative pressure therapy) and microbiotarelated factors (S. aureus and A. baumannii colonization). RESULTS: 221 patients were included and completed the 12-month follow-up period. Incidence of SSI was 11.8%. In the initial analysis by unadjusted logistic regression, following factors were associated SSI: trauma etiology related to car and bicycle accidents, Müller AO classification of the fracture morphology groups 2 or 3, previous use of external fixator, surgeries with larger length of time, presence of drains, use of negative pressure therapy and need for muscle or skin flap repair. In the multiple logistic regression-adjusted analysis, previous use of external fixator and need for muscle or skin flap repair remained associated with SSI. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of SSI associated with IN for femoral and tibial diaphyseal fractures was 11.8%. Previous use of external fixators and need for muscle or skin flap repair were factors associated with occurrence of infection

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