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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Thomas Hobbes' A minute or First Draught of the Optiques a critical edition /

Hobbes, Thomas, Stroud, Elaine Condouris, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1983. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 640-649).
2

Efecto del tiempo de exposición a pantallas de visualización de datos sobre la fatiga visual en digitadores del HNGAI –EsSALUD

Vásquez García, Irma Maura January 2012 (has links)
Se realizó un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra de 66 digitadores del Departamento de Admisión del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen (HNGAI), durante el período comprendido entre Febrero y Junio del 2003. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la asociación entre tiempo de exposición a pantallas de visualización de datos (PVD) y fatiga visual en este grupo. Metodología: Identificados los digitadores que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se revisaron sus historias clínicas ocupacionales elaboradas por la Unidad de Salud Ocupacional de este hospital, verificando antecedentes de patología oftalmológica de cada sujeto de estudio. En su puesto de trabajo, se les aplicó una encuesta elaborada específicamente a fin de determinar la sintomatología característica de fatiga visual y junto con su aplicación se les realizó un examen clínico ocular básico, tanto al inicio como al final de jornada laboral del evaluado. Complementariamente, se hicieron mediciones de iluminación de superficie de trabajo y sobre la PVD, de la distancia visual y para calcular el ángulo visual. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de fatiga visual de 59% en este grupo. Respecto a la asociación entre las variables en estudio, el análisis multivariado demostró una asociación significativa entre el tiempo de exposición a las PVD y la fatiga visual (p=0.009) (RP=1.4). Conclusión: Se concluye que existe una mayor posibilidad de padecer fatiga visual a mayor tiempo de trabajo frente a PVD. Palabras clave: Pantalla de Visualización de Datos, fatiga visual, digitadores, hospital. / --- It was done a study with cuantitative design, descriptive, type cross sectional of sample of 66 visual data terminal operators of the National Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen (HNGAI) among February and June 2003. Objective: To determine the association among time of exposure to visual data terminal (VDT) and visual fatigue in this group. Methodology: We identified whom had inclusion and exclusion criteria for study, reviewed their occupational clinical histories elaborated by the Unit of Occupational Health HNGAI, verifying records of ophthalmological pathology. In their workplace, it was applied an specific questionnaire for symptoms of visual fatigue and a basic ocular clinic exam, in the start and end of shift work did them. Complementary, measurement of lighting on work surface and on VDT, viewing distance and other for calculate viewing angle were did it. Outcome: Prevalence of visual fatigue was 59% in this group. For other variables of study, multivariate analysis showed a significant association among time of exposure to VDT and visual fatigue (p=0.009) (RP=1.4). Conclusion: The probability of visual fatigue increase with prolonged exposure to VDT in the workplace. Keywords: Visual data display, Visual fatigue, computer operators, hospital
3

Rubidium resonant squeezed light from a diode-pumped optical-parametric oscillator

Predojevic, Ana 30 June 2009 (has links)
La luz comprimida (squeezed light) es uno de los componentes importantes de los experimentos de memorias cuánticas. Un almacenamiento eficientede la luz comprimida en una colectividad de átomos exige que la luz (comprimida) sea resonante a la línea espectral de absorción. El láser de diodopuede acceder a una amplia clase de líneas espectrales dado al amplio rango de longitudes de onda accesibles. Por lo tanto, el uso de fuentes de luz comprimida basadas en láseres de diodo ampliaría el número de los posibles experimentos. Además, los láseres de diodo reúnen muchas buenascaracterísticas como son su construcción robusta y compacta, simplicidad y bajo precio. La única desventaja de los láseres diodo es el ruido de la fase que resulta en un ensanchamiento de sus líneas espectrales.Esta tesis describe estudios experimentales y teóricos de generación de estados de luz omprimida en cuadratura y polarización, adecuados para lainteracción con átomos de rubidio. En ese ocumento damos una atención especial al ruido de fase y sus efectos en el grado de compresión de la luzy los métodos para lograr luz comprimida en presencia de ruido de fase generado en el láser de diodo.La tesis está estructurada de la siguiente manera:El primer capítulo presenta las ideas generales de la conversión paramétrica de frecuencia (parametric downconversion) en un oscilador paramétricoóptico. Aquí derivamos la descripción teórica de la luz comprimida en un oscilador paramétrico óptico operado por debajo del nivel umbral.El segundo capítulo describe el aparato experimental. Primero, damos una descripción detallada del diseño de la cavidad paramétrica óptica yresumimos las propiedades del cristal no lineal. A continuación, pasamos a describir el láser y los sistemas usados para la estabilización del sistemaláser y de la cavidad del oscilador. En el tercero se discute la ganancia de amplificación y la eficiencia de detección. Por último damos una descripcióngeneral del experimento y presentamos los resultados en la compresión cuántica ("squeezing") de la luz.El último capítulo analiza los efectos de ruido de fase en el "squeezing" de cuadratura y describe una técnica para eliminar su efecto. Primero,discutimos el origen del ruido de fase para sistemas de láser de diodo. Segundo, derivamos el grado observable de "squeezing", teniendo en cuentalos efectos de fluctuaciones cuasi-estacionarias de frecuencia. Por último, mostramos cómo los efectos del ruido de fase pueden ser eliminados ycomparamos la predicción teórica con nuestros resultados experimentales.El resultado de este proyecto es una fuente de luz no-clásica resonante con la transición atómica del rubidio. Caracterizamos el "squeezing" del estadode vacío cuántico resultante. El máximo grado de compresión logrado en el experimento fue 2.5dB por debajo del nivel de ruido cuántico. Ademásrealizamos un análisis del efecto que el ruido de fase tiene en el grado de compresión. Los resultados de este análisis mostraron que en presencia deruido de fase se espera que el "squeezing" dependa del retardo relativo entre el haz de luz comprimida y el oscilador local. Comprobamosexperimentalmente esta hipótesis y medimos el grado de compresión como una función del retardo entre la luz comprimida y el oscilador local. Losresultados experimentales obtenidos fueron consistentes con la teoría.Aparte de construir una fuente luz comprimida resonante con rubidio, hemos probado que el láser de diodo es una fuente adecuada para la producciónde luz comprimida. Hemos proporcionado una teoría que trata el efecto de ruido de fase en el grado de compresión de la luz en un osciladorparamétrico óptico. El aparato experimental presentado aquí utiliza técnicas estándar que podrían ser aplicadas a una variedad de otras longitudes de ondas. / This thesis describes experimental and theoretical studies of generation of quadrature- and polarization-squeezed light suitable for interaction with rubidium atoms. Special attention is paid to phase noise, its effects on squeezing, and methods to achieve squeezing in the presence of diode laser phase noise.Squeezed light is an important component of quantum memories experiments. Efficient storage of (squeezed) light in atomic ensembles requires thelight to be resonant to the respective atomic transition. Diode lasers can access many atomic transitions as they cover significantly broader wavelengthrange than other classes of lasers. Consequently, employing diode-laser-based squeezed light sources would broaden the range of possible quantummemories experiments. Furthermore, diode lasers posses many attractive features like robustness, simplicity, compactness, and low price. Thedrawback of the diode laser is it's excess phase noise, which results in a relatively large linewidth. This forms an obstacle for detection of phasesensitive quantum states such as quadrature squeezing.The thesis is structured as follows:The first chapter presents the general ideas on parametric downconversion in an optical parametric oscillator. Here we derive the theoretical descriptionof squeezing of the light field in a subthreshold optical parametric oscillator.The second chapter describes the experimental apparatus. First, we give a detailed description of the design of the optical parametric oscillator cavityand summarise the properties of the nonlinear crystal. In continuation, we describe the laser system and the locking systems used for the laser systemand the optical parametric oscillator cavity stabilisations. Third, we discuss the amplification gain and the detection efficiency. Finally, we give a fulloverview of the experiment and we present the squeezing results.The last chapter analyses the effects of phase noise on quadrature squeezing and describes a technique to eliminate its effect. First, we discuss theorigin of the phase noise for diode laser systems. Second, we derive the observable squeezing taking into account the effects of quasi-static frequencyfluctuations. Third, we show how the effects of the phase noise can be eliminated and, last but not least, we compare the theoretical prediction with ourexperimental results.The outcome of this project is a rubidium resonant source of non-classical light. We characterised the output squeezed vacuum state. The maximumsqueezing achieved in the experiment was 2.5dB below shot-noise level. Moreover, we performed an analysis of the effect the phase noise has on thesqueezing. The results of this analysis showed that in presence of phase noise we expected that the squeezing level would depend on the relativedelay between squeezing and local oscillator path. We experimentally tested this statement performing a measurement of squeezing as a function ofthe delay between the squeezed light and the local oscillator. The experimental results were consistent with the theory.Apart form building a source of rubidium resonant squeezed light we have proven that the diode laser is a source suitable for production of squeezedlight. We provided a theory which treats the effect of phase noise on squeezing in optical parametric oscillator.The experimental squeezing apparatus presented here uses standard techniques which could be applied to a variety of other wavelengths.
4

Materials for second order nonlinear optics

Hulshof, Johannes Bernardus Everardus, January 1995 (has links)
Proefschrift Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. / Met lit. opg. - Met een samenvatting in het Nederlands.
5

Single molecule studies by optical tweezers: folding and unfolding of glucokinase from Thermococcus litoralis

Wilson Moya, Christian Andrés Marcelo January 2011 (has links)
Doctor en Ciencias con Mención en Biología Molecular, Celular y Neurociencias / No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo hasta diciembre de 2013 / Single-molecule manipulation has increasingly become a useful methodology for the study of macromolecular dynamics including unfolding-refolding transitions. In this study we use the optical tweezers to investigate the effect of substrate on the mechanical stability of glucokinase from the hiperthermophilic archeon Thermococcus litoralis. To this end, we derivatize the enzyme with DNA handles, via reactive cysteines and attach them to polystyrene beads. The enzyme with different handle attachments was separated using a native gel electrophoresis assay, and the activity of the enzyme in each gel band was monitored in situ by coupling the formation of glucose-6-phosphate to the formation of formazan and the DNA-protein-DNA construct was purified. Different constructs were pulled to investigate the effect of the ADP substrate on the stability of the protein. At 28 pN, the construct S4C/T57C showed hopping between two conformations with a difference in extension of 5.3 nm. For the unfolding reaction, the distances to the transition state were x‡ = 3.09 ± 0.35 nm in the absence and 2.81 ± 0.62 nm in the presence of ADP, respectively; the corresponding values during refolding were 2.24 ± 0.24 nm and 2.46 ± 0.43 respectively. The rate of unfolding extrapolated to zero force was an order of magnitude smaller in the presence than in absence of ADP, with no changes in the extrapolated refolding rates. These results suggest that the folded state of the protein is stabilized by the substrate with no effect on the distance to the transition state for the unfolding reaction.
6

The in-vivo study of pain in neuromyelitis optica

Tackley, George January 2017 (has links)
Neuromyelitis optica is a severe autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorder characterised by longitudinally extensive myelitis and severe optic neuritis. An oft-neglected symptom of the condition is severe, intractable chronic pain that can be detrimental to quality of life and is marked out by its severity and prevalence in comparison to the related disorder, multiple sclerosis. The experiments within this thesis make use of both conventional and advanced MRI techniques applied to the spinal cord and brain, and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy of blood plasma to explore the mechanisms driving chronic pain in NMO. The principle findings are: i. Thoracic lesions are associated with greater pain, irrespective of lesion length or cervical lesion volume. They are associated with spinothalamic tract damage in the cervical cord that correlates with the severity of pain. A possible autonomic aetiology is proposed. ii. Periaqueductal grey (PAG) to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and to pregenual anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity is correlated with pain severity, conversely PAG to rostroventromedial medulla connectivity is negatively associated with pain severity. Disruption of descending pain modulatory circuits is considered. iii. PAG glutamate concentration is negatively correlated with pain scores and is higher in low pain patients compared to controls and high pain patients. The discussion includes consideration of pain vulnerability. Chronic pain in NMO can devastate lives. The studies undertaken in this thesis are some of the earliest MRI imaging studies directed at understanding pain in NMO and the association of pain with thoracic lesions and the aberrations in the descending pain modulatory network are novel findings. There is more to be done and my hope is that this body of work will serve as a stepping-stone to a better understanding of chronic pain in NMO and the future development of effective treatments.
7

Simulación de óptica física y geométrica usando el software del GeoGebra

Manco Chávez, José Antonio January 2018 (has links)
El documento digital no refiere un asesor / Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor / El presente proyecto de monografía tiene como finalidad el impulsar, las técnicas de enseñanza del GeoGebra mediante su utilización en la óptica física y geométrica además de otras disciplinas en las que ya realiza su aplicación. La experiencia al manejar el programa resulta asombrosa, ya que permite visualizar desde el inicio de la construcción de los materiales de física y que en esta oportunidad orientado al campo de la óptica física y geométrica, donde se podrá simular las ondas electromagnéticas (O.E.M.), la descomposición de la luz sobre un prisma, la ley de Snell, lentes planos, lentes cóncavos, lentes convexo, lentes convergentes y lentes divergentes; mediante el uso de simulaciones con GeoGebra, las cuales serán de mucha ayuda en el desarrollo de las clases tanto al maestro como al alumno en la aplicación de este software dinámico reforzando un aprendizaje teórico y visual referente al comportamiento de la luz en medios como el aire, o medios con diferentes índices de refracción, donde se observará que la velocidad de la luz cambia según el medio por donde este atravesando. / Trabajo de suficiencia profesional
8

A clinical/immunological neuromyelitis optica association study

Kitley, Joanna Louise January 2014 (has links)
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are associated with the disease-specific autoantibody aquaporin-4 (AQP4-Ab), which is thought to be pathogenic. Some NMO/NMOSD patients do not have this antibody and may have different clinical and immuno-pathological disease characteristics, but previous clinical NMO/NMOSD studies have been confounded by inclusion of such patients. To define better the characteristics of AQP4-Ab disease, disease course, outcomes and predictors of disability were investigated in 106 AQP4-Ab positive NMO/NMOSD patients from the UK and Japan. AQP4-Ab positivity conferred a high risk of relapsing disease and substantial disability; age at disease onset and ethnicity were important predictors of disability type. Visual disability was more common in younger patients and those of Afro-Caribbean ethnicity whilst older patients and Caucasian patients were more at risk of motor disability. To determine whether disease characteristics were influenced by AQP4-Ab binding specificities, the differential binding of patient AQP4-Ab against the two main AQP4 isoforms was investigated. Although the relative binding to the two isoforms differed between patients, there was no association between these differences and clinical features such as relapse type, severity, onset age and ethnicity. The clinical and in vitro characteristics of AQP4-Ab negative NMO/NMOSD patients were studied. It was shown that these patients represent an aetiologically heterogeneous group. Some have other inflammatory and infectious disorders, some have low levels of AQP4-Ab and a significant proportion have antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-Ab). Others have antibodies that bind to neurons or oligodendrocytes in primary cultures. Attempts to identify novel antigens by immunocapture techniques were made, but were not successful. Patients with MOG-Ab showed differences when compared to those with AQP4-Ab including higher proportion of males, younger age at disease onset and greater likelihood of conus involvement on imaging. Additionally, patients with MOG-Ab appear to have more favourable outcomes, with better improvement from the onset attack and a lower probability of subsequent relapses. In conclusion, the work in this thesis has shown that AQP4-Ab disease is not synonymous with the term NMO and that seronegative NMO/NMOSD patients represent a clinically and aetiologically heterogeneous group and should therefore be classed separately from those with AQP4-Ab.
9

Pathomechanismen von Antikörpern gegen Aquaporin 4 in einem Tiermodell für die Neuromyelitis Optica / Pathomechanism of antibodies against aquaporin 4 in an animal model for neuromyelitis opitca

Ritter, Christian January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Die Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) ist eine schwerwiegende autoimmune Erkrankung des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS), die mit rezidivierenden Optikusneuritiden und Querschnittsmyelitiden einhergeht. Als serologischer Biomarker wurden Autoantikörper gegen Aquaporin 4 (anti-AQP4-AK) identifiziert. Mit Hilfe eines passiv-Transfer Rattenmodelles mit implantierten intrathekalen Kathetern wurden aufgereinigte IgG Fraktionen (NMO-IgG) von Plasmapheresematerial anti-AQP4-AK positiver NMO Patienten verabreicht. Zum Nachweis der Antigen-Spezifität wurden in weiteren Versuchsgruppen rekombinante IgG-AK gegen AQP4 appliziert. Die repetitive Injektion von NMO-IgG oder anti-AQP4-AK führte zu einer signifikanten klinischen Verschlechterung und einer reduzierten motorischen Leistungsfähigkeit der Versuchstiere im Vergleich zu Kontrollen. Mittels Magnetresonanztomographie konnten exemplarisch Kontrastmittel-aufnehmende Läsionsareale im Rückenmark der Versuchstiere im Bereich der Katheterspitze detektiert werden. Histopathologisch zeigte sich in diesen Läsionsbereichen eine Anreicherung von intrathekal applizierten humanen IgG, ein Verlust der Expression von AQP4 und des Glutamattransporters EAAT2. Im Gegensatz zu der bisher bekannten, Komplement-induzierten Gewebedestruktion bei NMO-Patienten mit entzündlichen Läsionen wurde hier keine Depletion von Astrozyten oder Komplementaktivierung beobachtet. Stattdessen kam es in den hier beschriebenen Arealen mit IgG-Ablagerung zu einer Hypertrophie und Vermehrung der GFAP-positiven Astrozyten. Die Ergebnisse lassen auf eine pathophysiologisch relevante, intrinsische und komplement-unabhängige Wirkung von anti-AQP4-AK schließen. / Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). As a biomarker autoantibodies against AQP4 (anti-AQP4-Abs) have been identified. Via passiv-transfer animal model with intrathecally implanted catheters, purified IgG fractions (NMO-IgG) from anti-AQP4-Abs positive patients have been applicated. Repetitive injection of NMO-IgG led to a significant clinical disease induction along with reduced motor function. Via MRI-scan lesions in the spinal cord could be identified. Histopathological analysis revealed a loss of AQP4 and glutamat transporter EAAT2. Complement induced tissue inflammation hasn't been observed. These results reveal a pathophysiological relevant, intrinsic and complement independent effect of anti-AQP4-Abs.
10

Emission and transport of light in photonic crystals

Koenderink, Albert Femius. January 2003 (has links)
Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

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