This is the short course of optics. Work contains 19 subjects about diffraction, interference, electromagnetic wave, geometry optics, anisotropy, and refraction index. This work is a source for extended individual study of general optics for any student who wants information about this topic. The objective that we want to complete doing this section is to be a help for the student increasing his knowledge about the topic. Each subject has the links to interactive program (user-friendly “ Mathemtica” scripts), which are related directly to the text of the subject. This work will be invaluable to advanced undergraduates, graduate students working in most areas of optics.

I was concerned with the preconceptions of the pupils in the area of geometric optics in my diploma work. I did the research among the pupils of grammar schools and multi-annual secondary schools. The used test contained ten questions. My choice of the questions was based on the researches concerning the misconceptions in optics that have been already done. I also mention the survey of these researches in my diploma work. I compiled the summary of the textbooks that are used at grammar schools and in the lower degrees of secondary schools in the next part. These textbooks are focused on the topics contained in the questions of the test. The survey of the testing results creates main part of my diploma work. I tested before and after the teaching of optics 162 pupils from eight classes of grammar schools and multi-annual secondary schools took part in the investigation. The table with the most frequent misconceptions that were ascertained during the testing is part of this survey. I devoted to the differences in the results between the pupils from grammar schools and multi-annual secondary schools and also the differences in the results of boys and girls.

Baigiamąjį darbą „Akis - kaip optinė sistema“ sudaro įvadas, 5 skyriai, 2 lentelės, 53 paveikslėliai ir 52 literatūros šaltiniai, bei internetinė svetainė, kurioje yra 8 skyriai, su poskyriais. Viso darbo apimtis 68 puslapiai. Darbe analizuojama žmogaus akies optinė sistema, regėjimo ypatumai, aprašomi akies trūkumai, šių trūkumų įtaka žmogaus regėjimui. Pateikiama akies defektų korekcijos metodų apžvalga. Visa medžiaga pateikiama internetinėje svetainėje, adresu www.akiesoptika.lt. / This final work is consists of introduction, 5 chapters, 2 tables, 53 pictures and 52 references, also a website, where are 8 chapters. Study extent: 68 pages. In this work we are going to analyse the optical system of the human eye, visual singularities, also we are going to write limitation of eye, the defects influence of human vision. There are given methods for the correction of eye defects in review. Data is presented in the website www.akiesoptika.lt.

This diploma thesis deals with the design of the telecommunication device for optical amplifiers and the implementation of the universal software for thecommunication with an optical amplifier. An universal control interface has been created to control modules remotely via the SSH remote access or via the LCD display and buttons on the device. The Linux security is listed in this thesis. The device was designed in the 1U case, where the front and rear panels and the arrangement of elements inside were designed. Subsequently, the functionality of the device and the communication with the LCD display and the optical module were tested.

Darbe, naudojantis informacinėmis technologijomis, sukurta elektroninė informacinė priemonė, nagrinėjanti optinius prietaisus, jų veikimo principus bei panaudojimą praktikoje. Medžiaga pateikiama tinklalapio forma internetinėje svetainėje adresu http://optometrija.3v.lt. / In the work using information technologies an electronic information tool was created, which deals with optical devices, their working principles and use in practice. The material presented in the form of an online website at http://optometrija.3v.lt.

Title: Solved Problems in Optics Author: Michaela Jungová Department: Department of Physics Education Supervisor: RNDr. Marie Snětinová, Ph.D., Department of Physics Education Abstract: Twenty problems in optics were created for electronic collection of solved problems in physics in my thesis. These problems contain detailed structured solutions with solved hints and pictures as well. You can find the problems in the chapter "Geometrical optics" on the website: http://reseneulohy.cz and on the enclosed CD. One of the chapters in my thesis deals with description of the problems. The thesis also engages in thesis engages in the way how to classify the problems using different standards. A proposal of a problem classification, that has been used in during study of both elementary and high school physics textbooks and collections, is presented in the thesis. The goals of this classification were two: to get the picture of school curriculum connected to optical problems and to propose suitable structure of the chapter Optics in the electronic collection, which is in the aboved mentioned electronic collection. Keywords: solved problems, classification of physics problems, electronic collection, optics

This diploma thesis first handles the general issues concerning free space optics in the~atmosphere. The aim is to design and implementation of optical wireless equipment, which would serve in the laboratories of optical networks. Ronja was used as the basis for a~wireless link, which is already widespread in the world. Students will work with the device, which they may come into contact in the future. It consists several separate modules: transmitter, receiver and inteface. Each module have a separate chapter describing the~functional blocks and circuit realization. Ronja was adjusted for the needs of~laboratory tasks, where additional voltmeters measures received signal strength (RSSI) at~both ends of the link. Measuring device provides adjustment of power the transmitting LED via~computer, measures and sends RSSI values to a PC via~USB or RS232, turn off Ronja with computer. For targeting the pipes of Ronja was developed the mechanical design. In the last part of thesis the device was undergone a series of tests.

In this work an optical wireless test link for studying of atmospheric phenomena in the optical bands of 830 nm and 1550 nm is described. The WDM technology involving technology of optical fibers is included into transmitter of the link. The measuring devices for measuring power, spectrum and polarization control are included into receiver of the link. The outcomes of this work are both measuring chain design and verification of its functionality.

Title: Experiments from geometrical optics for teaching at primary and secondary school Author: Ing. Filip Hložek Department: Department of Physics Education Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Houfková, Ph.D., Department of Physics Education Abstract: This work is focused on experiments in geometric optics. There is a research of textbooks for primary and secondary schools, that deals with this topic of physics. Most of the work is dedicated to the proposed manuals for experiments for the excercise of geometric optics in Practical Course in School Experiments I. The manuals were tested with several groups of students at Practical Course. The test results are briefly summarized here, including several adjustments of the manuals that has risen from it. The work also deals with mirror telescopes, aberrations, and the production of models of two telescopes - Newtonian and Cassegrain printed on a 3D printer. The models are then used in two experiments for Practical Course. Keywords: experiments, geometrical optics, optical instruments

Spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) – incoherent light scattering – is one of the main entangled photons source applied in quantum optics experiments. The tradition to pump SPDC by laser radiation was established from the very first SPDC experiments in 1968. The aim of this thesis was experimentally to investigate the ability to generate an SPDC pumping by both temporal and spatially incoherent radiation - a high-power blue LED. Weak SPDC signals were registered with high sensitivity CCD cameras, photons coincidences were detected with photon counters. The theoretical simulations were performed in parallel with experiments. Therefore, mathematical simulation code was written in order to estimate the SPDC power distribution and simulate photon coincidence experiment changing the properties of pump beam and detection system. Experimental results reveal that incoherent light sources can be good alternative for the laser systems in order to generate average quality biphoton fields especially in those experiments in which low biphoton field coherency would be advantage. The main advantages of the incoherent sources over laser systems are low cost, simple production technology and the huge commercial variety of different wavelength sources. / Parametrinė fluorescencija (PF) – nekoherentinė šviesos sklaida – yra vienas pagrindinių susietųjų fotonų šaltinių taikomų kvantinės optikos eksperimentuose. Nuo pat pirmųjų PF eksperimentinių tyrimų 1968 metais įsigalėjo tradicija šį reiškinį žadinti išimtinai lazerine spinduliuote. Šios disertacijos tikslas – eksperimentiškai ištirti galimybę generuoti PF tiek laikiškai, tiek ir erdviškai nekoherentine spinduliuote – didelės galios šviesos diodu. Atliekant tyrimus didelio jautrio CCD kamera buvo registruojami silpni PF signalai, pavienių fotonų skaitliukais buvo registruojami fotonų sutapimai,. Lygiagrečiai eksperimentiniams tyrimams buvo atliekami teoriniai skaičiavimai. Šiuo tikslu buvo parašytas matematinio modeliavimo programinis kodas, skirtas įvertinti PF erdvinį galios pasiskirstymą bei modeliuoti fotonų sutapimų eksperimentą, keičiant kaupinimo pluošto ir detekcijos sistemos savybes. Šio darbo rezultatai atskleidžia, kad nekoherentiniai šaltiniai gali būti puiki alternatyva lazerinėms sistemoms siekiant žadinti vidutinės kokybės dvyninius laukus, ypatingai tokiose tyrimų srityse, kuriose mažas dvyninio lauko koherentiškumas būtų didžiulis privalumas. Pagrindiniai nekoherentinių šaltinių pranašumai prieš lazerines sistemas: maža kaina, paprasta gamybos technologija ir didžiulė komercinė skirtingo bangos ilgio šaltinių įvairovė.