Orientadores: Secundino Soares Filho, Aurelio Ribeiro Leite de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T00:05:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thomaz_Adriano_D.pdf: 640435 bytes, checksum: e4748f37d3fbffa8b75b855a68672400 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O método de pontos interiores primal-dual é desenvolvido para o problema de fluxo de potência ótimo corrente alternada ativo e reativo. Adotou-se a representação das tensões através de coordenadas cartesianas uma vez que neste modelo a hessiana do problema é constante e a expansão em Taylor é exata para o termo de ordem dois. Antes da aplicação do método, o número de variáveis do problema é reduzido, não alterando a estrutura esparsa do problema. A matriz resultante é simétrica em estrutura e essa característica é explorada de forma eficiente reduzindo o esforço computacional por iteração. A implementação fornece um ponto de partida, uma solução inicial para ser utilizada como base e referência para futuros aprimoramentos e estudos. Permite inclusão de novos estudos de limites operacionais e físicos, particulares de cada sistema, sem a necessidade de mudanças estruturais. O desenvolvimento propõe novas idéias com técnicas de resolução já conhecidas. Os resultados dos experimentos computacionais, utilizando sistemas de teste IEEE e um sistema real brasileiro, são apresentados / Abstract: The primal dual interior point methods are developed to the AC active and reactive optimal power flow problem. The representation of the complex bus-voltages through cartesian coordinates is adopted, once the Hessian is constant and the Taylor expansion is accurate for the second order term. Before the application of the method, the number of variables of the problem is reduced. This reduction does not modify the sparse pattern of the problem. The final matrix is symmetric in structure and this feature can be exploited reducing the computational effort per iteration. The implementation gives a start point, an initial solution that can be used as a base and reference for future improvements and studies. It also allows including new studies of physical and operational limits, for each system, without the necessity of structural changes. This development proposes new ideas using solution technics already known. The computacional experiments results presented are performed for IEEE test systems and a real Brazilian system / Doutorado / Energia Eletrica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientador : Anesio dos Santos Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T23:25:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_EsdrasPenedode_D.pdf: 1776464 bytes, checksum: 0190f59fa01ca49b0518113d289152c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Doutorado / Automação / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientador: Edilaine Martins Soler / Resumo: Neste trabalho, o problema de Fluxo de Potência Ótimo Reativo problema é modelado como um problema de Programação Não Linear Inteira Mista que tem como objetivo minimizar as perdas de potência ativa nas linhas de transmissão de energia elétrica e satisfazer as restrições físicas e operacionais do Sistema Elétrico de Potência. Afim de solucionar o problema, propõem-se três abordagens heurísticas de solução, denominadas de heurística de factibilidade, heurística de melhoria de solução e gap de integralidade como restrição de igualdade. As duas primeiras abordagens são baseadas na minimização do gap de integralidade das variáveis discretas. A heurística de factibilidade objetiva encontrar uma solução factível para o problema por meio de uma busca local. Já a heurística de melhoria de solução objetiva encontrar soluções factíveis melhores a cada iteração até que não seja mais possível, por meio de uma restrição de corte de nível da função objetivo. A terceira abordagem considera a função gap de integralidade como uma restrição do problema de Fluxo de Potência Ótimo Reativo contínuo. Em todas as abordagens, o problema de Fluxo de Potência Ótimo Reativo original é transformado em um problema contínuo resolvido pelo método de pontos interiores com filtro disponibilizado no solver Interior Point OPTimizer em interface com o software General Algebraic Modeling System. Testes numéricos com os sistemas elétricos IEEE 14, 30, 118 e 300 barras e PEGASE 1354 barras são realizados para comp... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In this work, the Reactive Optimal Power Flow problem is modeled as a Mixed-IntegerNon-Linear Programming problem and aims to minimize the active power losses throughoutthe transmission system, while satisfying the physical and technical constraints of thePower System. In order to solve the problem, three heuristics approaches are proposed,namely feasibility and solution improvement heuristics. The first and the second proposedheuristics are based on the minimization of the integrality gap of the discrete variables. Thefeasibility heuristic aims to find a feasible solution to the problem through a local search.The solution improvement heuristic aims to find better feasible solution iteratively until itis no longer possible, by adding level cuts in the objective function. The third approachconsiders the proposed integrality gap function as a new constraint of the continuousReactive Optimal Power Flow problem. In both approaches, the original Reactive OptimalPower Flow problem is modeled as a continuous problem and solved by the interior pointmethod with filter implemented in the Interior Point OPTimizer solver under the GeneralAlgebraic Modeling System interface. Numerical tests with the IEEE 14-, 30-, 118 and300-bus and the PEGASE 1354-bus electrical power systems are performed to show theefficiency of the proposed approaches. The numerical results indicate that the proposedapproaches showed to be competitive when compared to exact methods published in theliterature. / Doutor

Orientador: José Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Banca: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro / Banca: Carlos Roberto Minussi / Banca: Geraldo Roberto Martins da Costa / Banca: Antônio César Baleeiro Alves / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional para a solução do problema de Fluxo de Potência Ótimo Multimercado (FPOM). O problema de fluxo de potência ótimo mutimercado é decomposto em vários subproblemas, uma para cada, submercado que compõe o sistema de potência interconectado. O modelo de decomposição utilizado permite resolver o problema de FPO considerando-se os modelos de mercado desverticalizados e centralizados e os desverticalizados e descentralizados. Neste contexto, a pesquisa desenvolvida considera o novo esquema de funcionamento dos mercados de energia elétrica, no qual é vi freqüentemente desejável preservar a autonomia de cada um dos submercados que compõem o sistema de potência multimercado. O problema de FPO proposto é modelado como um problema de otimização não-linear inteiro misto, com variáveis de controle contínuas e discretas e têm ênfase no despacho econômico da geração de potência ativa e nos ajustes dos controles de tensão. Além disso, este modelo de FPO trata os subproblemas ativo e reativo simultaneamente. Para a sua solução é apresentado um algoritmo evolutivo multiobjetivo, baseado no NSGA (Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm), pois características do problema abordado dificultam a sua solução através das técnicas baseadas em programação matemática e justificam a escolha da metaheurística multiobjetivo. / Abstract: This research is aimed at developing a computational tool for the solution of the Multimarket Optimal Power Flow (MOPF) problem. The multimarket optimal power flow problem is decomposed in various subproblems, one for each submarket that is part of the interconnected power system. The decomposition model used here allows solving the OPF problem considering the deregulated and centralized, and the deregulated and decentralized market models. In this context, the developed research takes into account the new functioning scheme of the electric power markets, viii where it is frequently desirable to preserve the autonomy of each one of those submarkets that compose the multimarket power system. The proposed OPF problem is modeled as a mixed integer non-linear optimization problem with continuous and discrete control variables, emphasizing the economic dispatch of the active power generation and the voltage control adjustments. In addition, this model of OPF deals simultaneously with the active and reactive subproblems. For its solution, a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on the NSGA (Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm) is presented. The characteristics of the problem make difficult the utilization of techniques based on mathematical programming, justifying the adoption of a multiobjective metaheuristic. / Doutor

Yes / In this paper, a stochastic method for active distribution networks planning within a distribution market environment considering multi-configuration of wind turbines is proposed. Multi-configuration multi-scenario market-based optimal power flow is used to maximize the social welfare considering uncertainties related to wind speed and load demand and different operational status of wind turbines (multiple-wind turbine configurations). Scenario-based approach is used to model the abovementioned uncertainties. The method evaluates the impact of multiple-wind turbine configurations and active network management schemes on the amount of wind power that can be injected into the grid, the distribution locational marginal prices throughout the network and on the social welfare. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with 16-bus UK generic distribution system. It was shown that multi-wind turbine configurations under active network management schemes, including coordinated voltage control and adaptive power factor control, can increase the amount of wind power that can be injected into the grid; therefore, the distribution locational marginal prices reduce throughout the network significantly.

No / This chapter proposes a novel method for the operation of active distribution networks within a distribution market environment taking into account multi-configuration of wind turbines. Multi-configuration multi-scenario market-based optimal power flow is used to maximise the social welfare considering uncertainties related to wind speed and load demand. Scenario based approach is used to model the uncertainties. The method assesses the impact of multiple-wind turbine configurations on the amount of wind power that can be injected into the grid and the distribution locational marginal prices throughout the network. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with 16-bus UK generic distribution system.

Yes / In this paper, a novel deterministic approach for the planning of active distribution networks within a distribution market environment considering multi-configuration of wind turbines (WTs) and photovoltaic (PV) cells is proposed. Multi-configuration multi-period market-based optimal power flow is utilized for maximizing social welfare taking into account uncertainties associated with wind speed, solar irradiance and load demand as well as different operational status of WTs and PVs. Multi-period scenarios method is exploited to model the aforementioned uncertainties. The proposed approach assesses the effect of multiple-configuration of PVs and WTs on the amount of wind and solar power that can be produced, the distribution locational marginal prices all over the network and on the social welfare. The application of the proposed approach is examined on a 30-bus radial distribution network. / This work was supported in part by the Royal Academy of Engineering Distinguished Visiting Fellowship Grant DVF1617/6/45 and by the University of Bradford, UK under the CCIP grant 66052/000000.

The electric power system is among the biggest and most complex man-made physical network worldwide. The increase of electricity demand, the integration of ICT technologies for the modernization of the electric grid and the introduction of intermittent renewable generation has resulted in further increasing the complexity of operating and planning the grid optimally. For this reason the analysis of large-scale power systems considering all state variables is a very complicated procedure. Thus, it is necessary to explore methods that represent the original network with smaller equivalent networks in order to simplify power system studies. The equivalent network should provide an accurate and efficient estimation of the behavior of the original power system network without considering the full analytical modelling of the grid infrastructure.   This thesis investigates partitioning methods and reduction methodologies in order to develop a proper reduction model. The K-means and K-medoids clustering algorithms are employed to partition the network into numerous clusters of buses. In this thesis the Radial, Equivalent, and Independent (REI) method is further developed, implemented, and evaluated for obtaining a reduced, equivalent circuit of each cluster of the original power system. The basic idea of REI method is to aggregate the power injections of the eliminated buses to two fictitious buses through the zero power balance network.   The method is implemented using Julia language and the PowerModels.jl package. The reduction methodology is evaluated using the IEEE 5-bus, 30-bus, and 118-bus systems, by comparing a series of accuracy and performance indices. Factors examined in the comparison include the chosen number of clusters, different assumptions for the slack bus as well as the effect of the imposed voltage limits on the fictitious REI buses. / Elsystemet är ett av de största och mest komplexa människotillverkade fysiskanätverken i världen. Ökad elförbrukning, integration av informationsteknik föratt modernisera elnäten samt införandet av varierande förnybar elproduktion harresulterat i ytterligare ökad komplexitet för att driva nätet optimalt. Därför ärdet mycket komplicerat att analysera storskaliga elsystem samtidigt som man tarhänsyn till alla tillståndsvariabler. Det är således nödvändigt att utforska metoderför att modellera det ursprungliga nätverket med ett mindre ekvivalent nätverk föratt underlätta studier av elsystem. Det ekvivalenta nätverket ska ge en noggrann ocheffektiv uppskattning av det ursprungliga systemets egenskaper utan att inkludera enkompletta analytisk modell av nätverkets stuktur.Den här rapporten undersöker metoder för att dela upp och reducera ett nätverkför att få fram en lämplig ekvivalent modell. Klusteranalysalgotmerna K-meansoch K-medoids används för att dela in nätverket i ett antal kluster av noder. Irapporten vidareutvecklas, implementeras och utvärderas REI-metoden för att ta framreducerade ekvivalenta nätverk för varje kluster i det ursprungliga systemet. Dengrundläggande idén med REI-metoden är att den aggregerar elproduktionen i deelminerade noderna i två fiktiva noder genom ett nolleffektbalansnätverk.Metoden är implementerad i programspråket Julia och programpaketetPowerModels.jl. Reduceringsmetoderna utvärderas på IEEE:s system med 5 noder,30 noder respektive 118 noder, genom att jämföra ett antal index för noggrannhetoch prestanda. De faktorer som undersäks i jämförelsen inkluderar det valda antaletkluster, olika antagande om slacknoden samt följderna av spänningsgränserna för defiktiva REI-noderna.v

The restructuring of the electric energy market and the proliferation of intermittent renewable-energy based power generation have introduced serious challenges to power system operation emanating from the uncertainties introduced to the system variables (electricity prices, congestion levels etc.). In order to economically operate the system and efficiently run the energy market, a statistical analysis of the system variables under uncertainty is needed. Such statistical analysis can be performed through an estimation of the statistical moments of these variables. In this thesis, the Point Estimate Methods (PEMs) are applied to the optimal power flow (OPF) problem to estimate the statistical moments of the locational marginal prices (LMPs) and total generation cost under system uncertainty. An extensive mathematical examination and risk analysis of existing PEMs are performed and a new PEM scheme is introduced. The applied PEMs consist of two schemes introduced by H.P. Hong, namely, the 2n and 2n+1 schemes, and a proposed combination between Hong's and M. E Harr's schemes. The accuracy of the applied PEMs in estimating the statistical moments of system LMPs is illustrated and the performance of the suggested combination of Harr's and Hong's PEMs is shown. Moreover, the risks of the application of Hong's 2n scheme to the OPF problem are discussed by showing that it can potentially yield inaccurate LMP estimates or run into unfeasibility of the OPF problem. In addition, a new PEM configuration is also introduced. This configuration is derived from a PEM introduced by E. Rosenblueth. It can accommodate asymmetry and correlation of input random variables in a more computationally efficient manner than its Rosenblueth's counterpart. / Master of Science

Orientador: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro / Resumo: Os sistemas elétricos do futuro próximo terão um comportamento dinâmico porque grandes fontes renováveis de geração, principalmente geração eólica e solar, serão construídas nos sistemas de potência de vários países do mundo incluindo o Brasil. A incerteza introduzida pelas fontes renováveis de energia é um problema que deve ser solucionado. Para resolver o problema da incerteza é necessário criar uma rede mais flexível. A alocação de armazenadores de energia no sistema de potência será necessária para lidar com as novas incertezas e para manter o funcionamento adequado do sistema. Adicionalmente, o sistema de transmissão deve-se tornar muito mais ativo através do uso de novas tecnologias flexíveis que permitirão ter um controle ótimo do sistema. As novas tecnologias incluem Sistemas Flexíveis de Transmissão em Corrente Alternada (FACTS), sistemas de transmissão de corrente continua (HVDC) e outras tecnologias que permitirão controlar as direções dos fluxos de potência sem alterar a geração ou demanda do sistema. Portanto, nesta tese são estudadas diferentes representações matemáticas para os problemas de fluxo de potência ótimo (FPO), planejamento da transmissão de longo prazo (PERT) e alocação de fontes de reativos (AFR) usando as equações de fluxo de potência de corrente alternada (CA). Adicionalmente, são propostas novas formulações para representar os problemas de fluxo de potência ótimo multiperíodo para sistemas de transmissão ativos que incluem FACTS, sistemas HVDC e ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The future power systems will have a dynamic behaviour due to a significant amount of renewable generation, especially wind and solar generation, will be installed in the power systems of many countries in the world including Brazil.The uncertainty introduced by the renewable energy resources is a problem that has to be solved. The development of a flexible network is necessary to solve the aforementioned problem. The installation of energy storage in the power system will be necessary to manage the new uncertainties and to maintain the adequate system’s operation. Additionally, the transmission system will become more active though new flexible technologies, which allows having an optimal control of the power system. The new technologies include Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), High Voltage Direct current (HVDC) transmission systems and other technologies, which allow controlling the power flow direction without changing the power injections of generation or demand. Therefore, in this thesis are studied different mathematical formulations using the AC power flow equations for the optimal power flow (OPF) problem, the transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem and the reactive power planning (RPP) problem. Furthermore, two additional contributions have been made. The first contribution is the development of new mathematical formulations for the multiperiod optimal power flow for active transmission systems that includes FACTS, HVDC and batteries. The second contrib... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor