A consecutive number of studies on the adoption trend of logistics technology since 1988 revealed that logistics organizations are not in the frontier when it comes to adopting new technology and this delayed adoption creates an information gap. In the advent of supply chain management and the strategic position of logistics, the need for accurate and timely information to accompany the logistics executives became more important than ever before. Given the integrative nature of logistics technology, failure to implement the technology successfully could result in writing off major investments in developing and implementing the technology or even in abandoning the strategic initiatives underpinned by these innovations. Consequently, the need to employ effective strategies and models to cope with these uncertainties is rather crucial. This thesis addresses the aspect of uncertainty in implementation success by process and factor research models. Process research approach focuses on the sequence of events in the technology transfer process that occurs over time. It explains the story that explains the degree of association between these sequences and implementation success. Through content analysis, this research gathers, extracts, and categorizes process data of actual stories of logistics technology adoption and implementations in organizations that are published in literature. The extracted event sequences are then analyzed using optimal matching from natural science and grouped using cluster analysis. Four patterns were revealed that organizations follow to transfer logistics technology namely, formal minimalist, mutual adaptation, development concerned, and organizational roles dispenser. Factors that contribute to successful implementation in each pattern were defined as the crucial and necessary events that characterized and differentiated each pattern from others. The factor approach identifies the potential predictors of successful technology implementation and tests empirical association between predictors and outcomes. This research develops a logistics technology success model. In developing the model, various streams of research were investigated including logistics, information systems, and organizational psychology. The model is tested using a questionnaire survey study. The data were collected from Australian companies which have recently adopted and implemented logistics technology. The results of a partial least squares structured equation modeling provide strong support for the model constructs and valuable insights to logistics/supply chain managers. The last study reports a convergent triangulation study using multiple case study of three Australian companies which have implemented logistics technology. A within and a cross case analysis of the three cases provide cross validation for the results of the other two studies. The results provided high predictive validity for the two models. Furthermore, the case study approach was so beneficial in explaining and contextualizing the linkages of the factor-based model and in confirming the importance of the crucial events in the process-based model. The thesis concludes with a research and managerial implications chapter which is devoted for logistics/supply chain managers and researchers.

A consecutive number of studies on the adoption trend of logistics technology since 1988 revealed that logistics organizations are not in the frontier when it comes to adopting new technology and this delayed adoption creates an information gap. In the advent of supply chain management and the strategic position of logistics, the need for accurate and timely information to accompany the logistics executives became more important than ever before. Given the integrative nature of logistics technology, failure to implement the technology successfully could result in writing off major investments in developing and implementing the technology or even in abandoning the strategic initiatives underpinned by these innovations. Consequently, the need to employ effective strategies and models to cope with these uncertainties is rather crucial. This thesis addresses the aspect of uncertainty in implementation success by process and factor research models. Process research approach focuses on the sequence of events in the technology transfer process that occurs over time. It explains the story that explains the degree of association between these sequences and implementation success. Through content analysis, this research gathers, extracts, and categorizes process data of actual stories of logistics technology adoption and implementations in organizations that are published in literature. The extracted event sequences are then analyzed using optimal matching from natural science and grouped using cluster analysis. Four patterns were revealed that organizations follow to transfer logistics technology namely, formal minimalist, mutual adaptation, development concerned, and organizational roles dispenser. Factors that contribute to successful implementation in each pattern were defined as the crucial and necessary events that characterized and differentiated each pattern from others. The factor approach identifies the potential predictors of successful technology implementation and tests empirical association between predictors and outcomes. This research develops a logistics technology success model. In developing the model, various streams of research were investigated including logistics, information systems, and organizational psychology. The model is tested using a questionnaire survey study. The data were collected from Australian companies which have recently adopted and implemented logistics technology. The results of a partial least squares structured equation modeling provide strong support for the model constructs and valuable insights to logistics/supply chain managers. The last study reports a convergent triangulation study using multiple case study of three Australian companies which have implemented logistics technology. A within and a cross case analysis of the three cases provide cross validation for the results of the other two studies. The results provided high predictive validity for the two models. Furthermore, the case study approach was so beneficial in explaining and contextualizing the linkages of the factor-based model and in confirming the importance of the crucial events in the process-based model. The thesis concludes with a research and managerial implications chapter which is devoted for logistics/supply chain managers and researchers.

Esta tese analisa 9.041 trajetórias ocupacionais de jovens engenheiros como empregados formais no Brasil entre 2003-2012, a partir da técnica de Optimal Matching Analysis (OMA). Estas trajetórias foram comparadas às de uma geração anterior de jovens engenheiros, tanto em seu período-base (1995-2002) como entre 2003-2012, a fim de identificar efeitos de idade e período. Os principais resultados são: (i) conforme esperado, trajetórias ocupacionais ligadas à gestão (em áreas correlatas à engenharia ou não) são as que oferecem remuneração mais alta em todos os períodos analisados; (ii) nos anos 2000, o terceiro padrão mais atrativo para os jovens daquela geração foi permanecer como engenheiro típico, caminho perseguido por praticamente metade deles, enquanto tal atratividade não foi verificada nos anos 1990; (iii) o salário de entrada dos jovens engenheiros subiu 24% em termos reais entre 1995 e 2003; (iv) há pouca mobilidade de trajetória ocupacional por parte da geração dos engenheiros de 1995 após 2003; (v) os jovens engenheiros de 1995 que permaneceram como engenheiros típicos durante os anos 2000 chegaram a 2012 ganhando apenas 14% a mais do que os jovens engenheiros de 2003 (com 8 anos a menos de experiência); para comparação, os gestores da geração 90 ganhavam em torno de 50% a mais do que os da geração 2000; (vi) há dois momentos de definição de trajetória ocupacional: um primeiro ocorre até 3 anos após o primeiro emprego, mas promoções a cargos de gestão podem ocorrer entre 8 e 10 anos. Estes resultados indicam que, se por um lado houve uma revalorização dos profissionais de engenharia na última década, por outro lado esta revalorização não trouxe engenheiros anteriormente formados a carreiras típicas em engenharia. Isto, aliado à baixa demanda pelos cursos de engenharia durante os anos 80 e 90, corrobora a hipótese de um hiato geracional entre os engenheiros, documentado em artigos anteriores. / This PhD dissertation analyzes 9,041 occupational trajectories of young engineers as formal employees in Brazil in 2003-2012, using Optimal Matching Analysis (OMA). These trajectories were compared to those of a previous generation of young engineers, both in its base period (1995-2002) and in 2003-2012, to identify age and period effects. The main results are: (i) as expected, management occupational trajectories (in areas related to engineering or not) pay higher wages, in all periods; (ii) in the 2000s, the third most attractive trajectory was to remain as typical engineer, path pursued by nearly half of young engineers, however, this was not verified in the 1990s; (iii) entry wages of young engineers rose 24% in real terms between 1995 and 2003; (iv) there is little occupational mobility by the generation of 1995 engineers after 2003; (v) young engineers of 1995 who remained as typical engineers during the 2000s earned only 14% more in 2012 than young engineers of 2003; for comparison, in 2012 managers from the 90s earned about 50% more those from the 2000s; (vi) there are two defining moments of occupational trajectory: a first occurs until three years after the first job, but promotions to management positions can take place between 8 and 10 years. These results indicate that, on the one hand, there was a revaluation of engineers over the past decade; on the other hand, this did not attracted former bachelors back to typical careers in Engineering. This, combined with low demand for engineering courses during the 80s and 90s, supports the hypothesis of a generational gap among engineers, documented in previous articles.

Esta tese analisa 9.041 trajetórias ocupacionais de jovens engenheiros como empregados formais no Brasil entre 2003-2012, a partir da técnica de Optimal Matching Analysis (OMA). Estas trajetórias foram comparadas às de uma geração anterior de jovens engenheiros, tanto em seu período-base (1995-2002) como entre 2003-2012, a fim de identificar efeitos de idade e período. Os principais resultados são: (i) conforme esperado, trajetórias ocupacionais ligadas à gestão (em áreas correlatas à engenharia ou não) são as que oferecem remuneração mais alta em todos os períodos analisados; (ii) nos anos 2000, o terceiro padrão mais atrativo para os jovens daquela geração foi permanecer como engenheiro típico, caminho perseguido por praticamente metade deles, enquanto tal atratividade não foi verificada nos anos 1990; (iii) o salário de entrada dos jovens engenheiros subiu 24% em termos reais entre 1995 e 2003; (iv) há pouca mobilidade de trajetória ocupacional por parte da geração dos engenheiros de 1995 após 2003; (v) os jovens engenheiros de 1995 que permaneceram como engenheiros típicos durante os anos 2000 chegaram a 2012 ganhando apenas 14% a mais do que os jovens engenheiros de 2003 (com 8 anos a menos de experiência); para comparação, os gestores da geração 90 ganhavam em torno de 50% a mais do que os da geração 2000; (vi) há dois momentos de definição de trajetória ocupacional: um primeiro ocorre até 3 anos após o primeiro emprego, mas promoções a cargos de gestão podem ocorrer entre 8 e 10 anos. Estes resultados indicam que, se por um lado houve uma revalorização dos profissionais de engenharia na última década, por outro lado esta revalorização não trouxe engenheiros anteriormente formados a carreiras típicas em engenharia. Isto, aliado à baixa demanda pelos cursos de engenharia durante os anos 80 e 90, corrobora a hipótese de um hiato geracional entre os engenheiros, documentado em artigos anteriores. / This PhD dissertation analyzes 9,041 occupational trajectories of young engineers as formal employees in Brazil in 2003-2012, using Optimal Matching Analysis (OMA). These trajectories were compared to those of a previous generation of young engineers, both in its base period (1995-2002) and in 2003-2012, to identify age and period effects. The main results are: (i) as expected, management occupational trajectories (in areas related to engineering or not) pay higher wages, in all periods; (ii) in the 2000s, the third most attractive trajectory was to remain as typical engineer, path pursued by nearly half of young engineers, however, this was not verified in the 1990s; (iii) entry wages of young engineers rose 24% in real terms between 1995 and 2003; (iv) there is little occupational mobility by the generation of 1995 engineers after 2003; (v) young engineers of 1995 who remained as typical engineers during the 2000s earned only 14% more in 2012 than young engineers of 2003; for comparison, in 2012 managers from the 90s earned about 50% more those from the 2000s; (vi) there are two defining moments of occupational trajectory: a first occurs until three years after the first job, but promotions to management positions can take place between 8 and 10 years. These results indicate that, on the one hand, there was a revaluation of engineers over the past decade; on the other hand, this did not attracted former bachelors back to typical careers in Engineering. This, combined with low demand for engineering courses during the 80s and 90s, supports the hypothesis of a generational gap among engineers, documented in previous articles.

Nous nous intéressons à la comparaison de formes de courbes lisses prenant leurs valeurs dans une variété riemannienne M. Dans ce but, nous introduisons une métrique riemannienne invariante par reparamétrisations sur la variété de dimension infinie des immersions lisses dans M. L’équation géodésique est donnée et les géodésiques entre deux courbes sont construites par tir géodésique. La structure quotient induite par l’action du groupe des reparamétrisations sur l’espace des courbes est étudiée. À l’aide d’une décomposition canonique d’un chemin dans un fibré principal, nous proposons un algorithme qui construit la géodésique horizontale entre deux courbes et qui fournit un matching optimal. Dans un deuxième temps, nous introduisons une discrétisation de notre modèle qui est elle-même une structure riemannienne sur la variété de dimension finie Mn+1 des "courbes discrètes" définies par n + 1 points, où M est de courbure sectionnelle constante. Nous montrons la convergence du modèle discret vers le modèle continu, et nous étudions la géométrie induite. Des résultats de simulations dans la sphère, le plan et le demi-plan hyperbolique sont donnés. Enfin, nous donnons le contexte mathématique nécessaire à l’application de l’étude de formes dans une variété au traitement statistique du signal radar, où des signaux radars localement stationnaires sont représentés par des courbes dans le polydisque de Poincaré via la géométrie de l’information. / We are concerned with the comparison of the shapes of open smooth curves that take their values in a Riemannian manifold M. To this end, we introduce a reparameterization invariant Riemannian metric on the infinite-dimensional manifold of these curves, modeled by smooth immersions in M. We derive the geodesic equation and solve the boundary value problem using geodesic shooting. The quotient structure induced by the action of the reparametrization group on the space of curves is studied. Using a canonical decomposition of a path in a principal bundle, we propose an algorithm that computes the horizontal geodesic between two curves and yields an optimal matching. In a second step, restricting to base manifolds of constant sectional curvature, we introduce a detailed discretization of the Riemannian structure on the space of smooth curves, which is itself a Riemannian metric on the finite-dimensional manifold Mn+1 of "discrete curves" given by n + 1 points. We show the convergence of the discrete model to the continuous model, and study the induced geometry. We show results of simulations in the sphere, the plane, and the hyperbolic halfplane. Finally, we give the necessary framework to apply shape analysis of manifold-valued curves to radar signal processing, where locally stationary radar signals are represented by curves in the Poincaré polydisk using information geometry.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'analyse mathématique et numérique pour les problèmes de transport partiel optimal et d'appariement avec contrainte (constrained matching problem). Ces deux problèmes présentent de nouvelles quantités inconnues, appelées parties actives. Pour le transport partiel optimal avec des coûts qui sont donnés par la distance finslerienne, nous présentons des formulations équivalentes caractérisant les parties actives, le potentiel de Kantorovich et le flot optimal. En particulier, l'EDP de condition d'optimalité permet de montrer l'unicité des parties actives. Ensuite, nous étudions en détail des approximations numériques pour lesquelles la convergence de la discrétisation et des simulations numériques sont fournies. Pour les coûts lagrangiens, nous justifions rigoureusement des caractérisations de solution ainsi que des formulations équivalentes. Des exemples numériques sont également donnés. Le reste de la thèse est consacré à l'étude du problème d'appariement optimal avec des contraintes pour le coût de la distance euclidienne. Ce problème a un comportement différent du transport partiel optimal. L'unicité de solution et des formulations équivalentes sont étudiées sous une condition géométrique. La convergence de la discrétisation et des exemples numériques sont aussi établis. Les principaux outils que nous utilisons dans la thèse sont des combinaisons des techniques d'EDP, de la théorie du transport optimal et de la théorie de dualité de Fenchel--Rockafellar. Pour le calcul numérique, nous utilisons des méthodes du lagrangien augmenté. / The manuscript deals with the mathematical and numerical analysis of the optimal partial transport and optimal constrained matching problems. These two problems bring out new unknown quantities, called active submeasures. For the optimal partial transport with Finsler distance costs, we introduce equivalent formulations characterizing active submeasures, Kantorovich potential and optimal flow. In particular, the PDE of optimality condition allows to show the uniqueness of active submeasures. We then study in detail numerical approximations for which the convergence of discretization and numerical simulations are provided. For Lagrangian costs, we derive and justify rigorously characterizations of solution as well as equivalent formulations. Numerical examples are also given. The rest of the thesis presents the study of the optimal constrained matching with the Euclidean distance cost. This problem has a different behaviour compared to the partial transport. The uniqueness of solution and equivalent formulations are studied under geometric condition. The convergence of discretization and numerical examples are also indicated. The main tools which we use in the thesis are some combinations of PDE techniques, optimal transport theory and Fenchel--Rockafellar dual theory. For numerical computation, we make use of augmented Lagrangian methods.

Le Revenu de Solidarité Active (RSA) a suscité un vif intérêt dans la communauté scientifique, mais son évaluation s'est focalisée sur son impact sur les taux de retour à l'emploi et sur la pauvreté laborieuse. Dans ce contexte, la thèse construit une évaluation critique du dispositif: nous montrons son incapacité à prendre en charge la position contradictoire dans laquelle sont placés les bénéficiaires. Ceux-ci sont en effet confrontés à des conditions de valorisation de la force de travail structurellement difficiles, et dans le même temps le dispositif organise, par différents moyens, la centralité de l'emploi. Dans le premier temps de la démonstration, la thèse met en discussion les catégories de travail construites par le marxisme critique de Moishe Postone et par Hannah Arendt. Grâce à cette démarche théorique nous comprenons que le RSA redéfinit les statuts d'activité des bénéficiaires autour d'une mise en scène de la nécessité du retour au travail. En parallèle, nous sommes amenés à saisir théoriquement et empiriquement la place contradictoire du travail dans le capitalisme contemporain: source de la richesse sociale certes, mais également ébranlé par des conditions de valorisation de la force de travail toujours plus difficiles. Dans le second temps de la démonstration, nous mettons en œuvre le suivi d'une cohorte de ménages bénéficiaires dans le département de l'Isère entre 2010 et 2012. L'analyse descriptive et la modélisation des mobilités et des trajectoires nous conduisent à constater l'extrême diversité des parcours individuels. À côté des usages transitoires du dispositif qui sont majoritaires, nous constatons que les parcours sont heurtés, et lorsqu'ils montrent une stabilité c'est souvent au profit d'un maintien dans les marges du marché du travail. Nous illustrons l'incapacité du RSA à rassembler, derrière l'emploi comme standard uniforme, la grande diversité des bénéficiaires. / The French « Revenu de Solidarité Active » (RSA) generated a great deal of interest in the the scientific community, focused mainly on its impact on labor force participation and on working poor. In this context, the thesis looks for a critical assessment of the device: we show its inability to take over the contradictory position in which the beneficiaries are placed. Those are confronted with structurally difficult conditions for the exploitation of the labor force, and at the same time the RSA organizes, through various means, the centrality of employment. Firstly, the thesis discusses the categories of work, constructed by the critical Marxism of Moishe Postone and by Hannah Arendt. Thanks to this theoretical approach, we understand that the RSA redefines the beneficiaries' labour statuses, around a staging of the need for a return to work. Simultaneously, we show theoretically and empirically the contradictory position of work in contemporary capitalism: source of social wealth, certainly, but also undermined by increasingly difficult conditions for the exploitation of labor power. Secondly, we implement a follow-up of a cohort of beneficiary households in the department of Isère, between 2010 and 2012. Descriptive statistical analysis and the modeling of mobilities and trajectories lead us to show diversity of individual paths. In addition to the temporary uses of RSA, which constitute a majority, we note paths are broken, and when they show stability, it is often in labor market's margins. Finally, we show that the RSA fails to gather, behind employment as an uniform standard, the great diversity of beneficiaries.