L’épidémiologie d’intervention a pour objectif la détection précoce des situations d’alerte sanitaire afin d’apporter une aide à la décision pour le déclenchement d’une réponse visant à en limiter l’impact. Dans le domaine de la santé animale, l’épidémiologie d’intervention se développe sous l’influence d’enjeux sanitaires, économiques et de santé publique. La structuration des activités est nécessaire au développement performant de cette discipline.Dans ce contexte, un modèle pour la structuration opérationnelle de l’épidémiologie d’intervention a été développé selon les principes d’une méthode d’optimisation de la performance reconnue : l’approche processus. L’établissement de ce modèle a reposé sur l’identification des chaînes d’activités (processus) d’une épidémiologie d’intervention performante, adaptée à la santé animale, tout en capitalisant les acquis et les avancées de cette discipline dans le domaine de la santé publique. Ces chaînes d’activités ont été identifiées grâce à l’analyse qualitative rétrospective d’expériences en épidémiologie d’intervention dans différents domaines (santé publique, santé publique vétérinaire, santé animale), en réponse à des contextes variés.Ces analyses rétrospectives ont permis d’identifier des chaînes d’activités vectrices de performance en épidémiologie d’intervention. Ces activités ont été intégrées au modèle proposé pour la structuration opérationnelle de cette discipline.L’objectif serait désormais d’assurer la mise en œuvre des chaînes d’activités identifiées via un système intégré global, à même de détecter et de documenter toute maladie animale, ou menace liée aux animaux, et d’informer la prise de mesures adéquates pour son controle / Emerging disease surveillance and investigation aim at the early detection of any health threat in order to perform a comprehensive analysis of the disease situation to help target an appropriate response. Its expansion in the field of animal health is led by major health, economic, and public health drivers. In support of this ongoing development, a standard structure for improved emerging animal disease surveillance and investigation capacities was established. This structure was based on a Business Process Management (BPM) approach.The primary goal of this work was to identify chains of activities (processes) that can support the most successful implementation of emerging animal disease surveillance and investigation, while buidling on the achievements made in the public health area. These chains of activities were identified through a qualitative retrospective analysis of various experiences of emerging disease surveillance and investigation, in the domains of public health, veterinary public health and animal heath, in distinct contexts ranging from a routine investigation to a major sanitary crisis.These analysis resulted in the identification of standard chains of activities that can support a successful implementation of emerging disease surveillance and investigation. These chains of activities were integrated in a standard structure for enhanced emerging animal disease surveillance and investigation capacities.The goal should now be to set up an integrated global system that would routinely implement these chains of activities and allow for the detection and description of any animal disease or threat to help inform prevention and control strategies

The thesis studies theory and methods for generating automatically centralized and distributed implementations from a high-level model of an application software in BIP. BIP (Behavior, Interaction, Priority) is a component framework with formal operational semantics. Coordination between components is achieved by using multiparty interactions and dynamic priorities for scheduling interactions. A key idea is to use a set of correct source-to-source transformations preserving the functional properties of a given application software. By application of these transformations we can generate a full range of implementations from centralized to fully distributed. Centralized Implementation: the implementation method transforms the interactions of an application software described in BIP and generates a functionally equivalent program. The method is based on the successive application of three types of source-to-source transformations: flattening of components, flattening of connectors and composition of atomic components. We shown that the system of the transformations is confluent and terminates. By exhaustive application of the transformations, any BIP component can be transformed into an equivalent monolithic component. From this component, efficient standalone C++ code can be generated. Distributed Implementation: the implementation method transforms an application software described in BIP for a given partition of its interactions, into a Send/Receive BIP model. Send/Receive BIP models consist of components coordinated by using asynchronous message passing (Send/Receive primitives). The method leads to 3-layer architectures. The bottom layer includes the components of the application software where atomic strong synchronization is implemented by sequences of Send/Receive primitives. The second layer includes a set of interaction protocols. Each protocol handles the interactions of a class of the given partition. The third layer implements a conflict resolution protocol used to resolve conflicts between conflicting interactions of the second layer. Depending on the given partition, the execution of obtained Send/Receive BIP model range from centralized (all interactions in the same class) to fully distributed (each class has a single interaction). From Send/Receive BIP models and a given mapping of their components on a platform providing Send/Receive primitives, an implementation is automatically generated. For each class of the partition we generate C++ code implementing the global behavior of its components. The transformations have been fully implemented and integrated into BIP tool-set. The experimental results on non trivial examples and case studies show the novelty and the efficiency of our approach.