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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Outcomes and direct treatment costs with novel oral anticoagulants compared to clinic-monitored warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation

Hulvershorn, Sarah Elizabeth 10 October 2014 (has links)
Objectives: To describe patient characteristics and evaluate costs and outcomes of novel oral anticoagulants compared to clinic-monitored warfarin for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation within the Scott & White Healthcare system. Methods: Patients with atrial fibrillation, CHADS₂ score ≥ 1, and a prescription claim for dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or warfarin between 2010 and 2012 were evaluated over 12 months. Patients in the warfarin cohort were enrolled in an Anticoagulation Clinic. Patients were matched 1:1 for age, CHADS₂, and gender for comparisons between groups. Baseline characteristics, medication adherence, occurrence of adverse events, and treatment costs were compared using inferential statistics. Anticoagulation control was assessed for patients in the warfarin cohort. Results: 141 and 471 patients met criteria for the novel cohort group and the warfarin group, respectively. After matching, 136 remained in each cohort. Prior to matching, compared to the warfarin cohort, the novel anticoagulant cohort had a higher proportion of male patients (63% versus 49%), and lower average CHADS₂ score (2.65 versus 3.30), while average age in both cohorts was similar (75 years). Matched cohorts had similar adherence rates (88% for novel versus 87% for warfarin). After matching, annual medication cost in 2014 US dollars for dabigatran or rivaroxaban averaged $2,658 (SD $1,494) compared to $1,066 (SD $633) for warfarin, including monitoring costs. Annual total all-cause healthcare costs averaged $23,711 (SD $22,910) for dabigatran or rivaroxaban, compared to $18,248 (SD $24,184) for warfarin. For the 95 warfarin patients with INR values, time in therapeutic range averaged 70.4%. Conclusion: Compared to clinic-monitored warfarin, more men than women were prescribed new oral anticoagulants and these patients averaged a lower CHADS₂ score. After matching, patient adherence was high and comparable between groups. Anticoagulation control for warfarin patients was similar to clinical trials. Annual medication cost was significantly greater for new oral anticoagulants than clinic-monitored warfarin, including INR monitoring costs. Total annual all-cause healthcare costs were significantly greater for patients taking new oral anticoagulants compared to warfarin, although too few adverse events occurred to draw conclusions regarding event rates and costs of ischemic stroke and major bleeds. / text
2

Les prédicteurs de saignements majeurs parmi des utilisateurs d'anticoagulants oraux ayant une fibrillation auriculaire

Qazi, Jakub 01 1900 (has links)
Introduction: Il y a peu de données publiées sur les prédicteurs de saignement majeur (MB) dans une population d’utilisateurs d’anticoagulants oraux (OAC) qui inclue les OACs à action directe chez des patients ayant un diagnostic de fibrillation auriculaire (AF) en situation réelle. Objectif: Développer un modèle de prédiction de MB et de ses sous-types pour une population de nouveaux utilisateurs de OAC ayant un diagnostic de AF en situation réelle. Méthode : À l’aide de la base de données d’hospitalisation Med-Écho et des bases de données administratives de la RAMQ, nous avons identifié des patients ayant un diagnostic primaire ou secondaire de AF suite à une hospitalisation qui ont eu leur congé hospitalier de janvier 2011 à décembre 2017. Nous avons ensuite identifié ceux qui étaient des nouveaux utilisateurs de OAC et catégorisé ceux-ci selon le OAC utilisé ainsi que sa dose. L’entrée dans la cohorte était la première dispensation de OAC durant la période d’étude alors qu’un nouvel utilisateur a été défini par l’absence de dispensation de OAC un an avant cette date. Nous avons évalué l’incidence de MB, des saignements gastrointestinaux (GIB), extracrânien non-gastrointestinaux (NGIB) et intracrâniens (ICH) dans l’année de suivi. Nous avons utilisé la régression logistique-LASSO et logistique-LASSO adaptative pour la sélection des prédicteurs potentiels de MB dont l’âge, le sexe, les comorbidités (jusqu’à 3 ans avant l’entrée dans la cohorte) et l’utilisation concomitante de médicaments (jusqu’à 2 semaines avant l’entrée dans la cohorte). La discrimination et la calibration ont été évaluées afin de sélectionner le meilleur modèle. Des analyses de sous-groupe ont été effectuées pour le GIB et NGIB ainsi que les sous-catégories de OAC. Résultats. Notre cohorte comprenait 36,381 nouveaux utilisateurs de OAC entre 70 et 86 ans. Les prédicteurs importants, dont l’âge, l’historique de MB et l’insuffisance hépatique, avaient des rapports de cotes de 1.37 à 1.64 pour le modèle global. Celui-ci avait une statistique c de 0.63 (95% CI 0.60-0.65), était calibré et performaient similairement pour le GIB et le NGIB. À l’exception de quelques prédicteurs importants, dont l’âge et l’historique de MB, la plupart des prédicteurs sélectionnées du GIB étaient distincts de ceux du NGIB dans la cohorte totale. Les prédicteurs de MB avaient des tendances similaires pour les DOACs et la warfarine. Conclusion. Les prédicteurs de MB et de leurs sous-types étaient similaires parmi les utilisateurs de DOAC et de warfarine. Les prédicteurs sélectionnées par nos modèles et leur potentiel discriminatif concordaient avec la littérature publiée. / Background: The real-world predictors of major bleeding (MB) and its subtypes has not been well-studied in a population of oral anticoagulant (OAC) users diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) that includes direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) users. Objectives: To derive prediction models for MB and its most prevalent subtypes from a dataset of new users of all approved OACs with AF. Methods: We identified patients who were hospitalized and discharged in the community from January 2011 to December 2017 with a primary and secondary diagnosis of AF using the Med-Echo hospitalization database and the RAMQ administrative databases. From this subset, we identified new users of OACs, after which we categorized patients according to OAC type and dose. Cohort entry was defined as the first claim of OAC in the study period, while new users were defined by the absence of any OAC claim one year before cohort entry. We identified incident MB, gastrointestinal (GIB), non-GI extracranial bleeding (NGIB) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) within 1 year of follow-up. We used logistic-LASSO and logistic-adaptive LASSO regressions to identify MB predictors in this population from the following candidate predictors: age, sex, comorbidities (within 3 years before cohort entry), concomitant medication (within 2 weeks before cohort entry). Discrimination and calibration were assessed so that the best model could be selected. Subgroup analyses were performed for MB subtypes and OAC types. Results: Our cohort consisted of 36,381 oral anticoagulant new users aged 70-86 years old. The important MB predictors were age, prior MB and liver disease with ORs ranging from 1.37-1.64 for the model derived from the full cohort. It had a c-statistic of 0.63 (95% CI 0.60-0.65) with adequate calibration and similar c-statistics for GIB and NGIB. Except for a few important predictors, such as age and prior MB, most selected GIB predictors were distinct from those of NGIB in the full cohort. Lastly, MB predictors had similar trends for warfarin and DOACs. Conclusions: MB and MB subtype predictors were similar among DOAC and warfarin users. The predictors selected by our models and their discriminative potential are concordant with published data.

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