Notre thèse Langage oral, prélecture-compréhension et prévention de l'illettrisme : une analyse linguistique de productions orales d'élèves de grande section de maternelle créolophone à La Réunion mobilise les choix théoriques de la linguistique descriptive à l’aune d’une saisie dynamique (Staudacher-Valliamée, 1999) des faits de langues sur le terrain scolaire réunionnais (Livret1-Institut de l'Illettrisme, 2012). Notre recherche s’inscrit dans le dispositif Dire, lire, calculer en grande section de maternelle. L’objet d’étude cerne les productions d’élèves dans l'acquisition du langage oral en français, LV2 (Véronique, 2009) à leur entrée dans la prélecture-compréhension. L’enquête linguistique (16 classes) touche 544 élèves dits sensibles, en situation potentielle de décrochage scolaire. Le corpus de base, constitué de 2500 énoncés d’un premier test diagnostique exploratoire (TD1) à partir d'images illustratives s’élargit à 5009 énoncés lors du second test expérimental (TD2), sur des images d’un album de littérature de jeunesse. Deux nouveaux outils sont élaborés, complétés par le logiciel AntConc, pour une analyse adaptée à la dynamique enregistrée : une grille d’observation des unités grammaticales les plus fréquentes (noms, pronoms de personnes, déterminants,verbes), une grille de sept indicateurs de compréhension. Sur le critère des productions orales conformes ou non conformes aux attentes lexicales et sémantiques, porteuses de compréhension ou non, les résultats obtenus différencient 3 types de profils (TD2) : le prélecteur confirmé ( 55,90%), le prélecteur en difficulté (35,60%) et le prélecteur silencieux (8,50 %). Notre travail réalise la fiche action 3 proposée par l’Institut de l'Illettrisme en partenariat avec l’académie de La Réunion pour le Plan APLCI 2010-2015. Nos résultats éclairent de manière inédite le lien entre la construction du langage oral et la mémoire visuelle chez les jeunes élèves à leur entrée dans l'écrit. Une contribution à la didactique de l’oral (Dolz, Schneuwly, 1998) préconise la considération de la langue des élèves imprégnée des caractéristiques de la société orale créole, perceptibles dans la référenciation et l'organisation informationnelle (Picoche, 1993) du discours. Les applications pédagogiques rendent compte des contenus de formation, d’élaboration d'un outil de diagnostic des compétences lexicales et des connaissances sémantiques des élèves. / Our thesis "Oral language, prereading, comprehension and prevention of illiteracy: a linguistic analysis of oral productions of pupils of preschool older section in Reunion Island" mobilizes the theoretical choices of descriptive linguistics in the light of a dynamic grasp of the language facts (Staudacher-Valliamée, 1999) in Reunion schools. Our doctoral research corresponds to the linguistic and logical axis of the device "Say, read, calculate in preschool older section". Its purpose is to study the observation of students in the acquisition of oral language in French as a second language (Véronique, 2009) when they start pre-reading comprehension. The linguistic survey conducted in 16 classes concerns 544 pupils, known as sensitive, in a potential school drop-out situation. The corpus of base of 2,500 statements, of a first exploratory diagnostic test (TD1) startingfrom illustrative images, expands to 5009 statements in the second experimental test (TD2), on images of an album of youth literature. Two new tools had to be developed, complemented by the AntConc software, for an analysis adapted to the linguisticdynamics of our corpus: an observation grid of the grammatical units (names, pronouns of people, determiners, verbs) and another one of 7 indicators of understanding. On the criterion of oral productions conforming or not conforming to lexical expectations and semantics, understanding or not, the results obtained differentiate 3 types of profiles: the confirmed preselector, the pre-selector in difficulty and the silent one. The spin-offs from our doctoral research have led to Action 3, in partnership with the Reunion Academy, within the framework of an action plan against illiteracy (2010-2015). Our results highlight in a new way the link between the construction of young students' oral language and their visual memory as they start writing. A contribution to the didactics of the oral (Dolz, Schneuwly,1998) advocates the consideration of the language of the pupils impregnated with the characteristics of Creole oral society, perceptible in the referencing and informational organization of discourse (Picoche,1993). The pedagogical applications reflect the contents of training, development of a tool of diagnosis of lexical skills and semantic knowledge of the students.

This thesis presents an argument for the use of dialogic halaqah to develop the personal autonomy of young Muslims in twenty-first century Britain. It begins by developing a theoretical grounding for Islamic conceptualisations of personal autonomy and dialogic pedagogy. In doing so, it aims to generate dialogue between Islamic and ‘western’ educational traditions, and to clarify the theoretical foundation of halaqah, a traditional Islamic oral pedagogy, that has been adapted to meet the educational needs of Muslim children in contemporary Britain. Dialogic halaqah is daily practice in two independent British Muslim faith-schools, providing a safe space for young Muslims to cumulatively explore challenging issues, in order to facilitate the development of selfhood, hybrid identity and personal autonomy, theorised as shakhsiyah Islamiyah. This thesis examines the relationship between thought, language, and the development of personal autonomy in neo-Ghazalian, Vygotskian and Bakhtinian traditions, and suggests the possibility of understanding shakhsiyah Islamiyah as a dialogical Muslim-self. This theoretical work underpins an empirical study of data generated through dialogic halaqah held with groups of schoolchildren and young people. Using established analytic schemes, data from these sessions are subjected to both thematic and dialogue analyses. Emergent themes relating to autonomy and choice, independent and critical thinking, navigating authority, peer pressure, and choosing to be Muslim are explored. Themes related to halaqah as dialogic pedagogy, whether and how it supports the development of agency, resilience and independent thinking, and teacher and learner roles in halaqah, are examined. Moreover, findings from dialogue analysis, which evaluates the quality of educational dialogue generated within halaqah, that is, participants’ capacity to engage in dialogue with each other, as well as with an imagined secular other, are presented. The quality of the dialogic interactions is evaluated, as is evidence of individual participant’s autonomy in their communicative actions.