Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1906. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves v-xi).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Bochum, University, Diss., 2001.

The extracellular responses of neurons in the corpus striatum following single pulse stimulation of the substantia nigra or dorsal raphe nucleus were investigated in urethane anaesthetized rats, nigral stimulation at low intensities (10 v) evoked single large amplitude spikes while higher intensities (10 to 20 v) evoked, in addition, a high frequency burst of small amplitude spikes or waves. Spontaneous large spikes, or those induced by the administration of glutamate, were inhibited by nigral stimulation. The onset of inhibition coincided with the onset of the burst. If the burst was prevented, inhibition no longer occurred. Neither the inhibitory nor the burst response evoked by nigral stimulation was influenced by iontophoretically or systemically administered antagonists of dopamine or by chemical lesions of the dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway. However the excitation of large units by nigral stimulation was reversibly blocked by dopamine antagonists. Stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus produced inhibition of spontaneously active striatal neurons. No excitatory response was ever observed. HEP injected into the striatum was transported to cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus and injection of tritiated leucine into the dorsal raphe nucleus produced significant transport of radio labelled protein to the caudate nucleus. It is concluded that the burst response is produced by excitation of striatal interneurons through collaterals of the striatonigral pathway which are intrinsic to the nucleus. Nigral stimulation causes an antidromic activation of the axon and a subsequent orthodromic activation of its collaterals. The interneurons activated by this "axon reflex" are inhibitory in function. It is further concluded that the dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal tract make excitatory synaptic contact with striatal neurons in the central region of the nucleus. At least some of these target neurons project, in turn, to the globus pallidus. / Medicine, Faculty of / Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Department of / Graduate

In the diachronic studies of Afrikaans in the past, the focus used to be on the origin and early development of Afrikaans from Dutch. During the twentieth century, the philological school, with a tradition of researching all Cape-Dutch coloured texts in detail, was established through the work of J. du P. Scholtz and his students. Through their analyses, they estimated the stabilisation of Afrikaans as early as the end of the eighteenth century (for example Raidt, 1991:145; Ponelis, 1994:229). In the past few decades, however, this estimation has begun to receive criticism from other scholars, including Roberge (1994:159) and Deumert (2004:20). With the help of a corpus, Deumert (2004) has shown that there is substantial variation in Afrikaans letters as late as the early twentieth century, and this study expands on her work by researching the variation in published writing. This is done by focusing on verbs, as there is significant change from the Dutch verbal system to the Afrikaans verbal system. This study uses corpus linguistic research methods, and researches Dutch-Afrikaans variation in verbs in published Afrikaans texts, compiled in three corpora. The main corpus was compiled from all the Afrikaans writings of Totius (J.D. du Toit) in the publication Het Kerkblad from 1916 to 1922. Two control corpora are also used: the first was compiled from excerpts from published Afrikaans books for the same period, and the second was compiled from excerpts from Afrikaans periodicals for the same period. In order to compensate for the shortcomings of corpus data alone, normative works on Afrikaans from the relevant period are also taken into account, and there is shown which recommendations these works made about the relevant constructions, and how the corpus data correlates with these recommendations. Variation in six verbal constructions are analysed in this study: 1. End consonant t/n (for example gaat/gaan): the old (more Dutch) word forms are scarcely used in the corpora, while the modern Afrikaans word forms are almost fully established. 2. End consonant g (for example seg/sê): the old word forms are also scarcely used in the corpora, while the modern word forms take the lead. 3. Stem vowel (for example breng/bring): the old word forms are more frequent at the beginning of the period, followed by some uncertainty, with the modern word forms taking over by the end of the period. 4. Preterite (specifically had/gehad and werd/geword): there is great instability throughout, worsened by a distinction in use between main verbs and auxiliary verbs made by some authors. 5. Past participle (for example gedaan/gedoen): there is significant instability at the beginning of the period, but the modern word forms are used more frequently by the end of the period. 6. Perfect tense auxiliary verb (is/het): the old form is still used in the corpora, but the modern form is more frequent from the beginning, and becomes even more frequent towards the end. This data shows that there was still significant variation in Afrikaans under Dutch influence as late as the early twentieth century, and the correlation between the different corpora implies that the written language might have been much closer to the spoken language than had been previously assumed. It is further confirmed by the amount of attention this variation gets in the normative works from that period. / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

La presente investigación desarrolla el proceso de Hábeas Corpus, proceso dirigido a tutelar la libertad personal y los derechos conexos a ella, concepción que se regula en el artículo 200.1 de la Constitución Política del Perú y en el artículo 26 del Código Procesal Constitucional. El origen y la evolución del hábeas corpus está en el interdicto de homine libero exhibendo, en la Carta Magna de 1215, la Ley de Hábeas Corpus de 1679 y el Hábeas corpus amendment act de 1816. En el Perú, lo encontramos en la Constitución de 1860, la Ley Nº 2333 de 1916 y en las Constituciones de 1920, 1933 y 1979. La Constitución Política del Perú de 1993 perfeccionó en forma amplia el Hábeas Corpus haciéndolo extensivo a los derechos conexos a la libertad personal que pudieran ser amenazados de manera conexos a la libertad personal, perspectiva que ha sido asumida por el Código Procesal Constitucional Peruano y que se encuentra establecida en los incisos de su artículo 26 que contiene una serie de derechos fundamentales conexos que son resguardos por este proceso constitucional. Esta investigación ha tomado en cuenta la defensa de los derechos fundamentales conexos expuestos por el Tribunal Constitucional, el cual desarrolla la tipología de Hábeas Corpus a través de ocho modalidades que permitirían resguardar la libertad personal y los derechos fundamentales vinculados a ella. Sin perjuicio de la tipología desarrollada por el Tribunal Constitucional consideramos que el estudio del Hábeas Corpus y su ámbito de acción debería ser realizado a partir de dos tipos claramente establecidos: el Hábeas Corpus reparador –frente a la amenaza o vulneración de la libertad personal- y el Hábeas Corpus conexo –frente a la amenaza o vulneración de un derecho fundamental vinculado a la libertad personal. Sobre la base de este fundamento, se desarrolla el estudio de la presente tesis, el cual parte de los derechos conexos a la libertad personal, clasificándolos en derechos fundamentales sustantivos y derechos fundamentales procesales conexos, los cuales son estudiados tanto a partir de la doctrina nacional y extranjera, como también de la jurisprudencia emanada del Tribunal Constitucional. Ello no ha sido óbice para dejar de lado la experiencia legislativa comparada, por lo cual se ha incorporado las disposiciones legislativas desarrolladas en Brasil, México, España, Argentina, Colombia y Chile en torno a la materia objeto de estudio. La presente tesis se avocó al estudio del proceso de Hábeas Corpus y de su acción sobre los derechos fundamentales conexos a la libertad personal, se estudió el marco teórico sobre la materia, el cual nos permitió elaborar dos hipótesis generales y dos hipótesis particulares como respuestas preliminares a la actual situación de los derechos conexos a la libertad personal y a la acción ejercida por el proceso de Hábeas Corpus para su defensa.

In the diachronic studies of Afrikaans in the past, the focus used to be on the origin and early development of Afrikaans from Dutch. During the twentieth century, the philological school, with a tradition of researching all Cape-Dutch coloured texts in detail, was established through the work of J. du P. Scholtz and his students. Through their analyses, they estimated the stabilisation of Afrikaans as early as the end of the eighteenth century (for example Raidt, 1991:145; Ponelis, 1994:229). In the past few decades, however, this estimation has begun to receive criticism from other scholars, including Roberge (1994:159) and Deumert (2004:20). With the help of a corpus, Deumert (2004) has shown that there is substantial variation in Afrikaans letters as late as the early twentieth century, and this study expands on her work by researching the variation in published writing. This is done by focusing on verbs, as there is significant change from the Dutch verbal system to the Afrikaans verbal system. This study uses corpus linguistic research methods, and researches Dutch-Afrikaans variation in verbs in published Afrikaans texts, compiled in three corpora. The main corpus was compiled from all the Afrikaans writings of Totius (J.D. du Toit) in the publication Het Kerkblad from 1916 to 1922. Two control corpora are also used: the first was compiled from excerpts from published Afrikaans books for the same period, and the second was compiled from excerpts from Afrikaans periodicals for the same period. In order to compensate for the shortcomings of corpus data alone, normative works on Afrikaans from the relevant period are also taken into account, and there is shown which recommendations these works made about the relevant constructions, and how the corpus data correlates with these recommendations. Variation in six verbal constructions are analysed in this study: 1. End consonant t/n (for example gaat/gaan): the old (more Dutch) word forms are scarcely used in the corpora, while the modern Afrikaans word forms are almost fully established. 2. End consonant g (for example seg/sê): the old word forms are also scarcely used in the corpora, while the modern word forms take the lead. 3. Stem vowel (for example breng/bring): the old word forms are more frequent at the beginning of the period, followed by some uncertainty, with the modern word forms taking over by the end of the period. 4. Preterite (specifically had/gehad and werd/geword): there is great instability throughout, worsened by a distinction in use between main verbs and auxiliary verbs made by some authors. 5. Past participle (for example gedaan/gedoen): there is significant instability at the beginning of the period, but the modern word forms are used more frequently by the end of the period. 6. Perfect tense auxiliary verb (is/het): the old form is still used in the corpora, but the modern form is more frequent from the beginning, and becomes even more frequent towards the end. This data shows that there was still significant variation in Afrikaans under Dutch influence as late as the early twentieth century, and the correlation between the different corpora implies that the written language might have been much closer to the spoken language than had been previously assumed. It is further confirmed by the amount of attention this variation gets in the normative works from that period. / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

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With the aim of better understanding the social function of Anglicisms in Argentina, this study documents the distribution of Anglicisms across social groups and identifies the semantic domains they cover. In order to access Anglicisms currently used in Argentine Spanish, a 1.8 million-word corpus of newspaper articles from 2012 to 2013 was created and processed to extract English loanwords. This study presents a method for automatic loanword extraction that offers advantages over manual identification. The analyses conducted show that the English loanwords present in the Argentine newspaper corpus are not equally distributed across all newspapers but rather are highly concentrated in La Nacion, a prestigious newspaper targeted towards a highly educated upper-class segment of the population. / text

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