With the aim of better understanding the social function of Anglicisms in Argentina, this study documents the distribution of Anglicisms across social groups and identifies the semantic domains they cover. In order to access Anglicisms currently used in Argentine Spanish, a 1.8 million-word corpus of newspaper articles from 2012 to 2013 was created and processed to extract English loanwords. This study presents a method for automatic loanword extraction that offers advantages over manual identification. The analyses conducted show that the English loanwords present in the Argentine newspaper corpus are not equally distributed across all newspapers but rather are highly concentrated in La Nacion, a prestigious newspaper targeted towards a highly educated upper-class segment of the population. / text

This thesis explores the use of English loanwords in French discourse found on seven France-based corporate websites and the website of one government ministry in France. The following overarching question guided this research project: To what extent are English loanwords used in French for marketing purposes or other reasons? As expected, the results varied greatly from website to website, but it is clear from my analysis of this relatively small corpus that the use of English is widespread in French discourse. In this thesis, I allowed myself to engage in some speculation based on my own background and experiences. I acknowledge that further research is needed in order to provide a more comprehensive analysis of English loanwords in French since this is a very complicated topic that can be approached from many different angles.

Hindi and Urdu are two branches of the same language sometimes known as Hindustani. They are divided by orthography and geography but when spoken are sometimes indistinguishable. Both have contributed loanwords that have now been completely assimilated into the language. The question of how the eye behaves during Hindi reading when it encounters Urdu loanwords has not been focused on extensively in prior research. The main purpose of this thesis is to document the eye behavior during reading Sanskrit-based words and Urdu loanwords in Hindi. We place fifteen word pairs consisting of one target Hindi Sanskrit-based word and its Urdu loanword equivalent in different sentences. Native Hindi speakers participate to read Hindi sentences containing either Urdu loanwords or the Sanskrit root word in Hindi. To quantify the differences in reading Hindi and Urdu loanwords in Devanagari (Hindi script) sentences we use an eye tracking methodology, which is used to measure eye movements of a participant during reading. We discover very distinctive eye behavior during reading of Urdu loanwords in comparison to reading Hindi Sanskrit-based words. Analysis also shows an interaction in eye behavior due to language and frequency.

Loanwords are integrated into Classical Arabic from various languages such as Latin, Greek, Persian, Syriac, Turkish, and others. When such words get borrowed into Arabic, they either get adopted, remaining as they are in the source language, or get adapted by undergoing certain phonological and morphological alterations. Such morphophonological changes would be defined within an adaptability scale which exhibits three different positions. The first position is occupied by merely adopted (MA) loanwords, like khurasān ‘cement’ (Persian), the second position is assigned for partially adapted (PA) loanwords, as shatarandj ‘chess’ (Persian chatrang), and the third position is for the fully adapted (FA) loanwords, like dirham ‘a silver coin’ (Greek dhrakhmi) which is analogical with the C1iC2C3aC4 pattern, as in hidjradj ‘naïve’. Among these various loanwords’ alterations, the most productive ones are the ones in the third position in the adaptability scale and they are the ones that are the most numerous. They are productive due to their conformity with the Arabic morphological patterns in contrast with the other ones. Many studies have been conducted to analyze the morphophonological alterations that loanwords in Arabic undergo, yet there hasn’t been a study conducted to investigate the factors governing the degree of integration or adaptability that loanwords in Arabic undergo. The current study, however, proposes a number of criteria that determine the degree of alteration that loanwords in Classical Arabic go through by analyzing an existing corpus of loanwords in Classical Arabic and comparing between the source language and the Arabic language.

The aim of the diploma thesis New French loanwords in the Czech language is to prove that in certain fields French is still significant source of enriching Czech vocabulary. As the main research method has been used the excerption of the neological material which is assembled in the electronic database Neomat. The first chapter of theoretical part is devoted to the neology and neologisms. Focus is given to the Czech and foreign approaches as well on how to define and classify neologisms. Next chapter deals with terminological specification of the borrowings, their classification and adaptation- integrating procedures via which are loanwords incorporated into the given language. In the practical part the borrowings are firstly characterized; the characterization is based on the communication field in which the loanwords occur. Than follows alphabetically ordered dictionary that incorporates 182 new French loanwords, it describes their meanings and determine morphological and word class characteristics. The majority of the new Gallicisms the Czech language are nouns and adjectives and they originates from the fields of gastronomy, oenology, art and fashion. However, some borrowed verbs and adverbs can be found in the researched material as well. The outcomes of the research suggest that language...

<p>The aim of this study was to find out if there are differences in the use of Anglicisms in the</p><p>French language from Quebec and from France. This was done with the help of a well-known</p><p>sitcom named <em>Un gars, une fille</em>. The Quebecers and the French have adopted their own</p><p>version of this sitcom to their cultures. Nine similar sequences from both countries on the</p><p>theme of sports and six different on the theme of renovation/DIY were analyzed. The analysis</p><p>concentrated on the English loanwords used by the characters. It was found that the</p><p>Quebecers, in the sitcom, used more English loanwords than the French. Both French and</p><p>Quebecers employed many loanwords that are considered as integrated into their language,</p><p>but they also used loanwords that have a negative connotation because there is a French word</p><p>to replace it, but the Anglicisms used appears more fashionable. Finally, it is interesting to</p><p>note the divergence of opinions among scholars in the field of study. Where one scholar</p><p>considers an Anglicism as a part of the French language (integrated) another scholar deems it</p><p>to be a negative influence, a loanword that should not be used.</p>

This is a work done within the sociolinguistic field. The objective of this work was to describe Spanglish and Spanenska and how these language varieties arose. Which loanwords, code switching and calques are the most frequently used in Spanglish and in Spanenska. The aim has also been to look if there are any similarities or differences between the usage of Spanglish and Spanenska when the native language is changed into a bilingual language. If the words that are used in Spanglish have an equivalency in the words used in Spanenska.   Futhermore we have described how the usage of gramatical rules, lexical and functional words are practiced, to look if there are any similarities or differences and to find out if these similarities or differences affect the usage of Spanglish or Spanenska. We have also described the three different ways: code-switching, loanwords and calques which are used in Spanglish and Spanenska.

This thesis uses the angle of linguistic to analyze Japanese loanwords in Taiwanese. From the angle of linguistic this thesis further expounds the type of Japanese loanwords in Taiwanese on three points: 1) Japanese loanwords in Taiwanese have two types: first is type of pronunciation, ¡§transliterlated word¡¨; second is type of writing, ¡§borrowed word¡¨. ¡§Transliterlated word¡¨ have two types: first is ¡§pure transliterlated word¡¨; second is ¡§half transliterlated and paraphrased word¡¨. ¡§Borrowed word¡¨ have four types: first is ¡§self-producted word¡¨; second is ¡§turn borrowed word¡¨; third is ¡§return borrowed word¡¨; last is ¡§turn and return borrowed word¡¨; 2) The most type of Japanese loanwords in Taiwanese is ¡§borrowed word¡¨. It is easier to hear ¡§borrowed word¡¨ than ¡§transliterlated word¡¨, so it is easy for ¡§transliterlated word¡¨ to attract attension, it is difficult for ¡§borrowed word¡¨ to attract attension. 3) The change of Japanese loanwords in Taiwanese performs in pronunciation and meaning. The change of pronunciation performs in consonant, vowel and tones. About the change of meaning, when Japanese vocabularies which have many meaning generally come in Taiwanese, only one or some meanings come in Taiwanese, all meanings do not come in Taiwanese, so when Japanese loanwords come in Taiwanese, the necessary meanings come in Taiwanese, or another meanings are added to original meanings, loanwords do not completely borrow original meanings. These phenomenons perform in amplify, diminish, devolution and accelate. From these points, this thesis researches the form of Japanese loanwords in Taiwanese.

Despite more than a century of anthropological research, the origins of reindeer domestication remain elusive. A range of theories has been proposed as to the identity/identities of the first people(s) to tame reindeer for human use, and of the conceptual origins of reindeer husbandry (e.g. as an alternative to cattle, horses, dogs, etc.). While only a few of these theories still have adherents, none can be said to be demonstrated. This thesis seeks to contribute to the solving of this question by examining the origins of reindeer terminology--those words in the the many circumpolar languages for 'tame reindeer' and 'wild reindeer'. Examining data in nearly three hundred (mostly-northern) languages and dialects, the author hopes to determine which vocabulary is native to the peoples who use it and which terms are borrowed from other sources; these borrowings may mirror the transmission routes of reindeer husbandry as a form of economy. When plotted on maps, the linguistic data give credence to the most popular anthropological theory of the origins of reindeer domestication.

No description available.