Expressed sequence tags ( EST ) derived from the developing tilapia brain was cloned in our lab. In this study, the Neuro-2a cells was used to investigate the cell cycle ¡Vrelated gene. A stable cell line of Neuro-2a which was transfected with a cell cycel-related gene was established. The flow cytometer was used for the analysis of cell cycle. In a Neruo-2a-CIRP (cold-inducible RNA-binding protein,CIRP) stable cell line, the G2/M phase was prologate in cell cycle.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3028_1.pdf: 795723 bytes, checksum: 967acdf74d9ca3c0f9e918275cec6e27 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Faculdade de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco / Larvas de tilápia nilótica (Oreochromis niloticus) com nove dias pós-eclosão foram expostas em experimentos semi-estáticos a concentrações crescentes de carbofuran, um inseticida carbamato utilizado mundialmente na agricultura. Após 96 h de exposição de grupos de larvas ao carbofuran, os efeitos das concentrações 10, 50, 100, 200, 300 e 400 &#956;g/L de carbofuran foram avaliados sobre a taxa de mortalidade. Além disso, foram quantificados em larvas individuais após a exposição o biomarcador fisiológico representado pela atividade da acetilcolinesterase, biomarcadores comportamentais relacionados à atividade natatória, visão, captura de presas e fuga de predadores, além da taxa de incremento em peso. Para quantificação dos parâmetros comportamentais em cada larva individualmente, a acuidade visual foi avaliada diretamente, e o comportamento das larvas em diferentes arenas experimentais foi gravado em vídeos digitais com posterior quantificação dos parâmetros comportamentais. A atividade da enzima acetilcolinesterase diminuiu após exposição ao carbofuran. A velocidade de natação e o deslocamento linear diminuíram com a exposição ao carbofuran. A acuidade visual foi progressivamente piorando de forma dose-dependente, e foram detectadas diferenças estatísticas entre as larvas do controle e as que foram expostas a concentrações a partir da concentração de 50 &#956;g/L (p < 0,001). O número de ataques efetuados pelas larvas de tilápia para capturar presas (náuplios de Daphnia magna) diminuiu em larvas que foram expostas ao carbofuran com diferença estatística entre o controle e as larvas que foram expostas à concentração de 400 &#956;g/L. O incremento em peso foi significativamente reduzido de forma dose-dependente, sendo que o incremento em peso do controle foi estatisticamente diferente de todos os outros tratamentos (p < 0,05). O número total de evasões das larvas de tilápia aos ataques do predador também foi reduzido com o aumento das concentrações de carbofuran com diferenças estatísticas entre as larvas do controle e as que foram expostas às concentrações de 100, 200 e 300&#956;g/L (p < 0,05). Estes resultados demonstram que a exposição de estágios sensíveis de peixes a concentrações subletais ambientalmente relevantes do carbofuran podem afetar aspectos fundamentais da ecologia larval dos mesmos que são relevantes para o seu recrutamento e consequente manutenção das populações

The Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus is native to Africa and middle East, and is an important source of nutrition for many in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the genetic diversity within and differentiation among wild populations can help identify O. niloticus populations that are imperiled and require directed management, especially because of increasing threats to the species' long-term persistence in the wild, including habitat destruction, overfishing, climate change, and hybridization with farmed populations. Knowledge of the genetic variation among wild populations also can contribute to foundation and selection of genetically diverse populations for aquaculture. I assessed the genetic variation among tilapia populations using fin-clips collected between December 2014 and July 2017 from 14 farmed sources, mostly originating from cage farms on the Volta Lake, and 13 wild sources from nine river basins in Ghana. I also conducted a laboratory growth experiment in Ghana with two wild populations to evaluate the tolerance of different genotypes to high temperatures, to inform their development for aquaculture in West Africa. I found that pure O. niloticus populations persist in the wild but some have been extensively introgressed with the closely related species, O. aureus, which has not previously been documented in Ghana. Additionally, some wild populations appear to have recently declined significantly in numbers, likely due to overfishing and habitat modification, the latter primarily as a result of illegal alluvial mining ongoing in Ghana. Analysis of the farmed populations revealed that at least two farms were growing the unapproved genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) and related strains, and that escaped individuals are admixed into some wild populations. The results of my laboratory experiment showed that O. niloticus populations occurring in northern Ghana already may be adapted to warmer temperatures and could be developed and used purposefully in aquaculture, taking advantage of their adaptation. To protect remnant pure O. niloticus populations in the wild, timely conservation decisions should be made and implemented. Protecting wild O. niloticus populations also would ensure that pure germplasms are available to develop aquaculture stocks from native populations. / Ph. D. / The Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus is an important food source for many people in Africa. However, many wild populations may be at risk of population decline and extinction because of increasing human activities such as overfishing and farming of non-native strains. Understanding the genetic differences among wild populations and comparing them with farmed strains can inform protection of wild populations and also help develop aquaculture strains using native populations as genetic resources. I assessed the genetic differences among tilapia populations using fin-clips I collected between December 2014 and July 2017 from 14 farmed sources, mostly originating from cage farms on the Volta Lake, and 13 wild sources from nine river basins in Ghana. I also conducted a laboratory study with two wild populations to test their tolerance to high water temperature. My research showed that pure O. niloticus populations still occur in Ghanaian rivers, but some have reproduced widely with a similar species, O. aureus, which is not known to occur in Ghanaian rivers. I also found that some wild populations may have reduced population sizes because of overfishing or because their environments have been impacted by illegal mining occurring in almost all Ghanaian rivers. My results indicated that at least two farms were growing the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) and related varieties, some of which have escaped the farms and mixed with wild populations. The results of my laboratory experiment showed that O. niloticus populations occurring in northern Ghana may be adapted to warmer water temperatures and could be selectively bred and used in aquaculture. The information generated from my research should help in making timely conservation decisions, which should help protect the remnant pure O. niloticus populations in the wild and contribute to developing aquaculture responsibly.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The effects of acute inbreeding on growth performance, yield and occurrence of deformity traits were studied in experimental full-sibling inbred populations of Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus at three levels of inbreeding coefficients, namely F = 0.000, F = 0.250 and F = 0.375. The base population with F = 0.000 was established through the crossing of two geographically separated and genetically unrelated farm stocks. At each generation, the inbreeding depression indicated by body weight (BW), standard length (SL), specific growth rate (SGR) and yield were highly significant, but no linear relationship was found between level of inbreeding and inbreeding depression. Both condition factor (K) and the number of observed deformities appears not to be significantly affected by inbreeding at all three levels. Over all, the average inbreeding depression at F = 0.250 and F = 0.375 respectively was found to be 46.5 percent and 46.6 percent for body weight (BW); 18.2 percent and 18.0 percent for standard length (SL); 21.8 percent and 20.3 percent for specific growth rate (SGR) and 5.752 percent and 8.940 percent for flesh yield. The outbred Control group differed significantly (P<0.05) from the six inbred family groups in terms of body weight (BW), standard length (SL), specific growth rate (SGR) and yield at all levels of inbreeding studied (F = 0.000, F = 0.250 and F = 0.375). Average inbreeding depression for body weight (BW) amongst the six inbred families ranged from 39.6 to 54.2 percent at F = 0.250 (in Gen 2) and 45.6 to 47.3 percent at F = 0.375 (in Gen 3). The inbreeding depression coefficient for body weight (BW) per 10% increase in F, amongst the six inbred families, ranged from 15.9 to 21.7 percent at F = 0.250 and from 12.2 to 12.6 percent at F = 0.375. Average inbreeding depression for standard length (SL) amongst the six inbred families ranged from 14.0 to 22.3 percent at F = 0.250 and from 17.2 to 18.4 percent at F = 0.375. The inbreeding depression coefficient for standard length (SL) amongst the six inbred families ranged from 5.6 to 8.9 percent at F = 0.250 and from 4.6 to 4.9 percent at F = 0.375. Average inbreeding depression for specific growth rate (SGR) amongst the six inbred families ranged from 17.9 to 27.9 percent at F = 0.250 and from 16.7 to 27.2 percent at F = 0.375. The inbreeding depression coefficient amongst the six inbred families ranged from 7.2 to 11.2 percent at F = 0.250 and from 4.5 to 7.3 percent at F = 0.375. Average inbreeding depression for yield amongst the six inbred families ranged from 0.4 to 7.7 percent at F = 0.250 and from 8.5 to 10.2 percent at F = 0.375. The inbreeding depression coefficient for yield amongst the six inbred families ranged between 0.2 and 3.1 percent at F = 0.250 and from 2.3 to 2.7 percent at F = 0.375. The condition factor (K) of the six inbred families showed no significant differences to the Control (P > 0.05) at all levels of inbreeding with K-values ranging from 1.42 to 2.85. The occurrence of morphological deformities in all seven family groups including the Control showed no noticeable trend, with a random, nonlinear occurrence of fluctuating asymmetry observed at different inbreeding levels in O. mossambicus. This study demonstrates that inbreeding has a significant negative effect on the production traits of Oreochromis mossambicus, especially growth. Results from this study emphasize the need to create awareness amongst small scale farmers of the importance of preventing uncontrolled inbreeding in production systems, as well as to monitor inbreeding levels during the process of dissemination of improved fish strains to small scale fish growers in developing countries, including Africa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gevolge van akute inteling op die groei prestasie, opbrengs en voorkoms van misvorming eienskappe bestudeer in eksperimentele full-broer ingeteelde bevolkings van Mosambiek tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus op drie vlakke van inteling koëffisiënte, naamlik F = 0,000, F = 0,250 en F = 0,375. Die basis bevolking F = 0,000 gestig deur die kruising van twee geografies geskei en geneties onverwant plaas aandele. Op elke generasie, die inteling depressie aangedui deur die liggaam gewig (BW), standaard lengte (SL), spesifieke groeitempo (SGR) en opbrengs was hoogs betekenisvol, maar geen lineêre verband is gevind tussen vlak van inteling en inteling depressie. Beide toestand faktor (K) en die aantal waargeneem deformiteite verskyn om nie beduidend beïnvloed deur inteling op al drie vlakke. Oor alles is, die gemiddelde inteling depressie by F = 0,250 en F = 0,375 onderskeidelik gevind om 46,5 persent en 46,6 persent vir die liggaam gewig (BW) wees; 18,2 persent en 18,0 persent vir standaard lengte (SL); 21,8 persent en 20,3 persent vir spesifieke groeitempo (SGR) en 5,752 persent en 8,940 persent vir vlees opbrengs. Die outbred beheer betekenisvol verskil (P <0,05) van die ses ingeteelde familie groepe in terme van die liggaam gewig (BW), standaard lengte (SL), spesifieke groeitempo (SGR) en opbrengs op alle vlakke van inteling bestudeer (F = 0,000 , F = 0,250 en F = 0,375). Gemiddeld inteling depressie vir die liggaam gewig (BW) onder die ses ingeteelde families gewissel 39,6-54,2 persent by F = 0,250 (in Gen 2) en 45,6-47,3 persent by F = 0,375 (in Gen 3). Die inteling depressie koëffisiënt vir die liggaam gewig (BW) per 10% toename in F, onder die ses ingeteelde families, het gewissel 15,9-21,7 persent by F = 0,250 en 12,2-12,6 persent by F = 0,375. Gemiddeld inteling depressie vir standaard lengte (SL) onder die ses ingeteelde families gewissel 14,0-22,3 persent by F = 0,250 en 17,2-18,4 persent by F = 0,375. Die inteling depressie koëffisiënt vir standaard lengte (SL) onder die ses ingeteelde families gewissel 5,6-8,9 persent by F = 0,250 en 4,6-4,9 persent by F = 0,375. Gemiddeld inteling depressie vir spesifieke groeitempo (SGR) onder die ses ingeteelde families gewissel 17,9-27,9 persent by F = 0,250 en 16,7-27,2 persent by F = 0,375. Die inteling depressie koëffisiënt onder die ses ingeteelde families gewissel 7,2-11,2 persent by F = 0,250 en 4,5-7,3 persent by F = 0,375. Gemiddeld inteling depressie vir opbrengs onder die ses ingeteelde families het gewissel van 0,4-7,7 persent by F = 0,250 en 8,5-10,2 persent by F = 0,375. Die inteling depressie koëffisiënt vir opbrengs onder die ses ingeteelde families gewissel tussen 0,2 en 3,1 persent by F = 0,250 en 2,3-2,7 persent by F = 0,375. Die toestand faktor (K) van die ses ingeteelde families het geen betekenisvolle verskille op die Beheer (P> 0,05) op alle vlakke van inteling met K-waardes wissel 1,42-2,85. Die voorkoms van morfologiese afwykings in al sewe familie groepe, insluitend die beheer het geen merkbare neiging, met 'n ewekansige, nie-lineêre voorkoms van wisselende asimmetrie waargeneem op verskillende vlakke in inteling O. mossambicus. Hierdie studie toon dat inteling het 'n beduidende negatiewe uitwerking op die produksie-eienskappe van Oreochromis mossambicus, veral groei. Resultate van hierdie studie beklemtoon die noodsaaklikheid om bewustheid onder kleinboere van die belangrikheid van die voorkoming van onbeheerde inteling in die produksie stelsels, sowel as om te monitor inteling vlakke tydens die proses van verspreiding van verbeterde vis stamme klein skaal vis produsente in ontwikkelende lande te skep, insluitend Afrika.

The structure and functions of brain show sexual dimorphism in vertebrates. Brain sexual differentiation is resulted from the neural development. The neural development is determined not only by the genetic regulation, but also by the extrinsic environmental influences. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT ) functions as a neurotransmitter or/and neuromodulator in the central nervous system. Serotonin plays a role in the neural development via serotonin receptors. The sexual differentiation of tilapia is influenced by water temperature. The lower temperature induces a higher proportion of female while the elevated temperature induces a higher proportion of male in tilapia. In the present study, the influence of temperature on the proliferation of the neurons was investigated. These results show that the proliferation of neurons are varied with the temperature. The elevated temperature influences the proliferation of neurons via central serotonin system. Serotonin 1A receptor is involved in the serotonin-induced proliferation of neuron.

In tilapia , sex determination is controled by genetic and triggered by the environmental factors. Expressed sequence tags ( EST ) derived from the developing tilapia brain is cloned in our lab. The cDNA full length of the gene, F10A83 was cloned. In the present study, F10A83 is a gene with 1526 bp of cDNA sequence, and deduced 176 amino acids of protein sequence. F10A83 was overexpressed as a GFP fusion protein in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells. F10A83 is abundantly distributed in the nucleus of Neuro-2a cell. The protein of F10A83 was expressed in the prokaryotic cell (BL21) and eukaryotic cell (neuro-2a), and purified using a simple purification process, inducing, isolation, and Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The protein of F10A83 in both E. coli system and neuro-2a cell line expression has been established.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-12T13:02:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) em?lia_tatiane_lopes_silva.pdf: 493832 bytes, checksum: f6552ace88ae75a553146184b9b275c8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-12T13:02:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) em?lia_tatiane_lopes_silva.pdf: 493832 bytes, checksum: f6552ace88ae75a553146184b9b275c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-12T13:02:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) em?lia_tatiane_lopes_silva.pdf: 493832 bytes, checksum: f6552ace88ae75a553146184b9b275c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / A demanda por alimentos de alto valor nutricional tem levado ao crescimento da piscicultura, e para que esta se desenvolva de modo eficiente e com menor impacto ambiental, t?cnicas de manejo devem ser adequadas assim como a esp?cie cultivada. Desse modo, objetivou-se com o presente estudo comparar o desempenho de larvas de duas linhagens de til?pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) submetidas a diferentes frequ?ncias alimentares com temperatura abaixo da faixa ?tima para crescimento. Larvas irm?s das linhagens tailandesa e GIFT foram distribu?das em 24 aqu?rios de 4L, na densidade de 15 larvas L-1, sob aera??o constante, fotoper?odo natural e temperatura da ?gua a 23 oC. Elas foram submetidas a tr?s frequ?ncias alimentares: 2, 5 e 8 vezes dia-1, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, num esquema fatorial 2 linhagens x 3 frequ?ncias, com quatro repeti??es cada. Os demais par?metros de qualidade da ?gua mantiveram-se adequados para a esp?cie. A linhagem tailandesa apresentou melhor desempenho para todos os par?metros observados. As larvas submetidas ? frequ?ncia alimentar 5 vezes dia-1 apresentaram comprimento total e padr?o e peso, semelhantes ?queles submetidas ? frequ?ncia de 8 vezes dia-1 que foram maiores do que os valores obtidos para a frequ?ncia de 2 vezes dia-1. Desse modo, deve-se empregar as til?pias da linhagem tailandesa alimentadas 5 vezes dia-1. Objetivou-se com segundo estudo comparar o desempenho de duas linhagens de til?pia do Nilo (O. niloticus)?submetidas a diferentes densidades de estocagem. O ensaio foi conduzindo em um fatorial 2 x 4, sendo quatro densidades de estocagem (6,25; 12,50; 18,75 e 25,00 ind. L-1), e duas linhagens (tailandesa e GIFT). Os dados foram interpretados por meio de ANOVA e para os efeitos densidade, utilizou-se Teste de Tukey. Larvas irm?s das linhagens tailandesa e GIFT (4.000 ind.), foram distribu?das em 32 aqu?rios com 8 L de ?gua cada,?em quatro densidades de estocagem (6,25; 12,50; 18,75 e 25,00 00 ind. L-1),?de modo casualizado?com quatro repeti??es cada. Por um per?odo de 36 dias, as larvas foram mantidas em aqu?rios providos de aera??o constante e fotoper?odo natural. As?vari?veis limnol?gicas estiveram dentro da faixa adequada ? esp?cie. Quanto ?s vari?veis biol?gicas, n?o houve intera??o entre linhagem e densidade. A linhagem GIFT apresentou melhor desempenho em comprimento total e biomassa para o 36o dia. Dentre as densidades para cada linhagem os melhores resultados de comprimentos, peso e ganho de peso, foram para a densidade?6,25 00 ind. L-1,?mas ao se utilizar 25 00 ind. L-1 ocorre aumento na biomassa e otimiza??o do espa?o utilizado. Portanto, indica-se a linhagem GIFT na densidade de 25,00 ind. L-1. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014. / ABSTRACT The demand for food with high nutritional value has led to growth of fish farming, and to efficiently developed ,with less environmental impact, and management techniques should be appropriate as well as the cultivated species. Thus, larvae performance of two Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) strains submitted to different feeding frequencies, and with temperature below the optimum range for growth were evaluated. Larvae of thai and GIFT strains were distributed into 24 tanks-4L, at density of 15 larvae L-1, under constant aeration, and natural photoperiod, and water temperature at 23oC. The fish were subjected to three feeding frequencies: 2, 5, and 8 times day-1 in a completely randomized design, in a factorial model 2 strain x 3 frequency, each with four replications. The water quality parameters remained adequate for the species. Larvae thai strain showed better performance. Feed rate at 5 times day-1 presented higher values for ??larvae weight, standard and total length, when compared with 2 times day-1. Frequency of feeding 8 times day-1 has no difference. Thai strain fed 5 times day-1 should be used. The objective of the second study with larviculture of two Nile tilapia strains (O.niloticus) under different stocking densities was evaluated. The trial was carried out in to 2 x 4 factorial model, with four stocking densities (6.25, 12.50, 18.75 and 25.00 00 ind. L-1) and two strains (thai and GIFT). Larvae progeny of strains from thai and GIFT (4.000 ind.) were distributed in 32 tanks-8L in a completely randomized design with four replications. During 36 days, larvae were kept in aquarium provided with constant aeration and natural photoperiod. Water limnological parameters were within the appropriate range for the species. Data were interpreted using ANOVA, and effects of density was analyzed using Tukey test. The biological variables, don?t presented interaction between strain, and density. Larvae of GIFT strain presented greater total length and biomass after 36th day. Among densities for each strains, there was observed improves for length, weight, and weight gain using 6.25 larvae L-1. However, it was verified that 25 ind. L-1 increases the biomass and optimization of space. Therefore, it is indicated using larvae of GIFT strain in densities of 25.00 ind. L-1.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 iwashita_mkp_me_jabo.pdf: 452826 bytes, checksum: 56a8fbfbfe82c17c65025e5a01a02305 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A vitamina E ou tocoferol é um importante nutriente que atua como imunoestimulante em peixes. No presente estudo foi verificado o efeito deste nutricêutico no processo de cicatrização induzido em tilápia do Nilo, suplementadas ou não com 450 mg de vitamina E. Exemplares desta espécie foram separados em dois grupos contendo 90 peixes, denominados controle e suplementados, distribuídos em 18 caixas de água com capacidade de 250L com 10 exemplares em cada. Os peixes foram alimentados durante 60 dias com as rações experimentais. Após este período, todos os peixes foram anestesiados e submetidos às cirurgias, onde feridas cutâneas de tamanho padronizado e representativas do processo cicatricial foram realizadas cirurgicamente com remoção da epiderme e derme. A análise histomorfométrica foi verificada após três, sete, 14, 21 e 28 dias. Foram utilizados como parâmetros para análise macroscópica: índice de retração cicatricial e aparência das feridas, e para a microscópica: histomorfometria de células mucosas, cromatóforos, neovasos, células inflamatórias, fibroblastos, fibras de colágeno e escamas. Os resultados mostraram que o índice de retração cicatricial foi significativamente maior no grupo suplementado, fato atribuído à contribuição do maior número de células inflamatórias, células mucosas, cromatóforos e a maior produção e organização das fibras de colágeno que foram significativamente maiores nos diferentes tempos, neste grupo. Os resultados indicam que o efeito nutricêutico da vitamina E promove o processo de reparação tecidual. / The vitamin E or tocoferol is an important nutrient that acts as an imunoestimulant in fishes. In the present study the effect of this vitamin was appraised in the process of induced wound healing in Nile tilapias Oreochromis niloticus supplemented with 0 and 450 mg levels of vitamin E. Examples from this specie were separated in two groups with 90 fishes in each, denominative control and supplemented, distributed in 18 boxes of water with capacity of 250L with 10 examples in each. The fishes were fed during 60 days with the experimental rations. After this period, all the fishes were anaesthetized and submitted the surgeries, where cutaneous wounds of standardized size and representative of the wound healing process were carried out by them surgically with removal of the epidermis and derme. The histomorphometric analysis was checked after three, seven, 14, 21 and 28 days post-wounding. They were used parameters for macroscopic as analysis rate of cicatricial retraction and appearance of the wounds, and for the microscopic one, histomorphometric of mucous cells, cromatophores, revascularization, inflammatory cells, presence of fibroblasts, fibers of collagen and scales. The results show the rate of retraction of the wound was significantly higher in the supplemented group. This higher rate of retraction results from the contribution of each microscopic parameter analyzed, such as inflammatory cells, mucous cells and cromatophores that were significantly higher in the different times, as the production and organization of collagen fibers. The results indicate that the vitamin E promotes wound healing process.

Orientador: Rodrigo Yudi Fujimoto / Banca: Claudinei da Cruz / Banca: Eduardo Makoto Onaka / Resumo: O Selênio é um mineral constituinte de uma série de enzimas antioxidantes que atuam protegendo as membranas celulares dos danos causados pelo processo de oxidação. Sua deficiência ou excesso na dieta pode resultar em depressão do crescimento e aumento da taxa de mortalidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação da dieta em jovens de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) com quatro níveis de selenometionina (0,25; 0,50; 1,0; e 1,5 mg Se/kg) e um grupo controle (0,0 mg Se/kg) no desempenho produtivo (ganho de peso, conversão alimentar aparente, taxa de crescimento específico e consumo de ração), nos índices hepatossomático e esplenossomático, na histopatologia do fígado, no índice de parasitismo por monogenea e na hematologia. O consumo de ração aumentou proporcionalmente ao nível de Se nas dietas. Os índices de desempenho produtivo não apresentaram diferenças significativas, no entanto, as concentrações intermediárias (0,25 e 0,50 mg Se/kg) aumentaram o ganho de peso, diminuíram a conversão alimentar e não apresentaram alterações significativas no estrutura morfofuncional do fígado. Não ocorreu diferença significativa para as variáveis hematológicas estudadas e para o índice de parasitismo por monogenea, porém, observou-se que nos níveis de 0,50 e 1,0 mg Se/kg o número de parasitos foi menor em relação às demais concentrações. Assim, pode-se concluir que a melhor suplementação está entre os níveis de 0,25 e 0,50 mg Se/kg de ração. / Abstract: Selenium is an important micronutrient for animals, essential for the normal life processes. This mineral is a constituent of the enzyme antioxidant glutathione peroxidase, of deiodinase and of thioredoxin reductase. The deficiency or toxic levels in feed can be result in growth depression and mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selenomethionine effects for juveniles Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on the growth performance (weight gain, index of alimentary conversion, specific growth rate, diet consumption and index of alimentary efficiency), hepatossomatic and esplenossomatic index, liver histopathology, parasitism and haematology, submitted to four levels of selenium in feed (0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 1.5 mg Se/kg diet) and control group (0.0 mg Se/kg). The results did not show difference, however, the levels of 0.25 and 0.50 mg Se/kg improve the growth performances evaluated and did not show liver histopathology damage. No differences were observed in haematological parameters. The total count of monogeneans reduced in the levels of 0.50 and 1.0 mg Se/kg of diet but without differences due the elevated coefficient of variation. In conclusion the ideal supplementation level was between 0.25 and 0.50 mg Se/kg. / Mestre

Orientador: Julieta Rodini Engrácia de Moraes / Banca: Julio Hermann Leonhardt / Banca: Fabiana Pilarsky / Resumo: A vitamina E ou tocoferol é um importante nutriente que atua como imunoestimulante em peixes. No presente estudo foi verificado o efeito deste nutricêutico no processo de cicatrização induzido em tilápia do Nilo, suplementadas ou não com 450 mg de vitamina E. Exemplares desta espécie foram separados em dois grupos contendo 90 peixes, denominados controle e suplementados, distribuídos em 18 caixas de água com capacidade de 250L com 10 exemplares em cada. Os peixes foram alimentados durante 60 dias com as rações experimentais. Após este período, todos os peixes foram anestesiados e submetidos às cirurgias, onde feridas cutâneas de tamanho padronizado e representativas do processo cicatricial foram realizadas cirurgicamente com remoção da epiderme e derme. A análise histomorfométrica foi verificada após três, sete, 14, 21 e 28 dias. Foram utilizados como parâmetros para análise macroscópica: índice de retração cicatricial e aparência das feridas, e para a microscópica: histomorfometria de células mucosas, cromatóforos, neovasos, células inflamatórias, fibroblastos, fibras de colágeno e escamas. Os resultados mostraram que o índice de retração cicatricial foi significativamente maior no grupo suplementado, fato atribuído à contribuição do maior número de células inflamatórias, células mucosas, cromatóforos e a maior produção e organização das fibras de colágeno que foram significativamente maiores nos diferentes tempos, neste grupo. Os resultados indicam que o efeito nutricêutico da vitamina E promove o processo de reparação tecidual. / Abstract: The vitamin E or tocoferol is an important nutrient that acts as an imunoestimulant in fishes. In the present study the effect of this vitamin was appraised in the process of induced wound healing in Nile tilapias Oreochromis niloticus supplemented with 0 and 450 mg levels of vitamin E. Examples from this specie were separated in two groups with 90 fishes in each, denominative control and supplemented, distributed in 18 boxes of water with capacity of 250L with 10 examples in each. The fishes were fed during 60 days with the experimental rations. After this period, all the fishes were anaesthetized and submitted the surgeries, where cutaneous wounds of standardized size and representative of the wound healing process were carried out by them surgically with removal of the epidermis and derme. The histomorphometric analysis was checked after three, seven, 14, 21 and 28 days post-wounding. They were used parameters for macroscopic as analysis rate of cicatricial retraction and appearance of the wounds, and for the microscopic one, histomorphometric of mucous cells, cromatophores, revascularization, inflammatory cells, presence of fibroblasts, fibers of collagen and scales. The results show the rate of retraction of the wound was significantly higher in the supplemented group. This higher rate of retraction results from the contribution of each microscopic parameter analyzed, such as inflammatory cells, mucous cells and cromatophores that were significantly higher in the different times, as the production and organization of collagen fibers. The results indicate that the vitamin E promotes wound healing process. / Mestre