Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lui_jj_dr_jabo.pdf: 909592 bytes, checksum: 9868994b0210fa5ac801ff0d8f87e500 (MD5) / Funep / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar doses de resíduo sólido orgânico urbano no substrato, associado a regimes de irrigação, na formação de mudas de eucalipto. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Câmpus da UNESP, de Jaboticabal, localizado a 21º15’22” de latitude sul, 48º18’58”de longitude oeste. Foram utilizados nove substratos, sendo dois latosolos, um vermelho eutroférrico argiloso e outro vermelho distrófico, seis misturas de latossolos com resíduo sólido orgânico urbano dessecado e triturado, não compostado e, este último, puro. Utilizou-se irrigação com quatro regimes (50%, 75%, 100% e 130% dos valores diários determinados) e a avaliação feita em cinco épocas (15, 29, 41, 53 e 79 dias após a semeadura). Foram avaliadas variáveis biométricas da cultura, variáveis químicas dos substratos e regimes de irrigação. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o Resíduo Sólido Orgânico Urbano (R.S.O.U.) constitui-se fonte de nutrientes para as plantas e material corretivo com atributos químicos semelhantes a adubo mineral e calcário. Para os substratos constituídos com latosolo vermelho eutroférrico argiloso, doses com até 40% de R.S.O.U. não exerceram influência negativa nas plantas. Nos substratos constituídos com latosolo vermelho distrófico, a dosagem máxima para que o R.S.O.U. não influencie na vida das mudas, foi de 20%. Os melhores resultados para as plantas ocorreram o regime de irrigação de 75% do valor diário determinado. A relação C/N foi crescente com o aumento da porcentagem de R.S.O.U. Ao final da pesquisa a maioria dos substratos estavam na faixa entre 1/7,7 a 1/14,7. / The deposition of trash in landfill, controlled landfills, and in its greatest part, in open dumps, pollute the soil and take spaces that could be used for other purposes. In relation to the organic trash, it has been used composted as manure in the agriculture, however, there are many inconveniences caused by this technique, among them contamination, a large used area, the long time of the process and the high cost. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of non composted urban organic solid residue dosages, in the substrate, associated to irrigation ways in the formation of Eucalyptus seedlings. The research was developed at the UNESP Campus, in Jaboticabal - SP, Brazil, located at 21º 15’ 22” South latitude, 48º 18’58” West longitude. Nine substrates were used, two latosols, one red clayey Eutroferric and another dystrophic red , six mixtures of latosols with dried and ground urban organic solid residue, non composted and one with pure residue. The irrigation was based on four levels, (50%, 75%, 100% and 130% of the evapotranspiration daily values). The plants behavior evaluation was done in five ages (15, 29, 41, 53 and 79 days after the sowing). It was evaluated the biometric variables of the culture and chemical variables of the substrates. The obtained results indicated that: the Urban Organic Solid Residue (U.O.S.R.) is a source of nutrients for the plants and corrective material, with chemical attributes similar to mineral manure and limestone. For the substrates constituted by red clayey eutroferric latosol, dosages up to 40% of U.O.S.R. did not have a negative influence on the plants. In the substrates constituted by dystrophic red latosol, the maximum dosage, so that the U.O.S.R. did not influence negatively on the lives of the plants, was 20%. The best results for the plants behavior occurred at the irrigation... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:06:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ambrosio_mmq_dr_botfca.pdf: 919131 bytes, checksum: 0f21215000fd16709fe15c433c0e4d28 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A solarização é uma das alternativas de controle físico para vários fitopatógenos que podem sobreviver por vários anos no solo por meio de estruturas de resistência, causando danos em muitas culturas, e muitas vezes inviabilizando vastas áreas agrícolas. No entanto, existem algumas espécies que possuem temperatura letal acima daquela atingida pela solarização do solo. Vem sendo estudado a incorporação de material orgânico previamente a colocação do plástico, situação esta que promove o aprisionamento dos gases oriundos da decomposição, conferindo um efeito aditivo à solarização. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu na prospecção de materiais orgânicos promissores para produzir voláteis fungitóxicos capazes de controlar fitopatógenos de solo. Foram realizados dois ensaios em condições de microcosmo (câmara de vidro) para simular a solarização do solo, onde incorporou-se 1kg/m2 de material orgânico fresco e posteriormente, dois experimentos de campo, em épocas diferentes e em áreas contíguas com os mesmos materiais orgânicos. No primeiro experimento foi incorporado 1kg/m2 de material orgânico e no segundo 3Kg/m2. Estudou-se quatro fitopatógenos (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Raça 2; Macrophomina phaseolina; Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI e Sclerotium rolfsii) frente a quatro 2 materiais orgânicos frescos e triturados incorporados ao solo (folhas e ramos de brócolos, eucalipto, mamona e mandioca brava). O controle dos fungos foi avaliado por meio da análise da sobrevivência das estruturas em meio semi-seletivo específicos, durante quatro períodos (7, 14, 21 e 28 dias do início do experimento). Nos experimentos de campo, foram monitoradas a temperatura por um coletor de dados Tipo CR23X (Campbell Scientific) e a porcentagem de CO2 e de O2 pelo equipamento analisador de gases (Texto 325-1)... . / Solarization is one of the physical control alternatives available against a number of plant pathogens capable of surviving for several years in the soil by means of resistance structures, causing damage to many crops, and often rendering vast agricultural areas unviable. However, there are a few species whose lethal temperature is above the temperature reached during soil solarization. The incorporation of organic material prior to mulching with plastic is currently being studied. This condition promotes the trapping of gases from decomposition, imparting an additive effect to solarization. The objective of the present work consisted in the investigation of organic materials which are promising to produce fungitoxic volatiles that can control soil plant pathogens. Two assays were carried out under microcosmic conditions (glass chamber) to simulate soil solarization, in which 1kg/m2 of fresh organic material were incorporated. Later, two field experiments were carried out during different seasons and at contiguous areas, using the same organic materials. In the first experiment, 1kg/m2 of organic material was incorporated, while 3Kg/m2 were incorporated in the second. Four plant pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Strain 2; Macrophomina phaseolina; Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI, and Sclerotium rolfsii) were studied under four types of fresh, ground organic materials incorporated into the soil (leaves and branches of broccoli, eucalyptus, castor bean, and wild cassava). Fungus control was evaluated through the analysis of the survival of structures in a specific semi-selective medium, during four periods (7, 14, 21, and 28 days from the beginning of the experiment). In 4 the field experiments, temperature was monitored with a Type CR23X (Campbell Scientific) data collector, and CO2 and O2 percentages were monitored with a Testo 325-1 gas analyzer equipment. In both field experiments...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar doses de resíduo sólido orgânico urbano no substrato, associado a regimes de irrigação, na formação de mudas de eucalipto. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Câmpus da UNESP, de Jaboticabal, localizado a 21º15'22" de latitude sul, 48º18'58"de longitude oeste. Foram utilizados nove substratos, sendo dois latosolos, um vermelho eutroférrico argiloso e outro vermelho distrófico, seis misturas de latossolos com resíduo sólido orgânico urbano dessecado e triturado, não compostado e, este último, puro. Utilizou-se irrigação com quatro regimes (50%, 75%, 100% e 130% dos valores diários determinados) e a avaliação feita em cinco épocas (15, 29, 41, 53 e 79 dias após a semeadura). Foram avaliadas variáveis biométricas da cultura, variáveis químicas dos substratos e regimes de irrigação. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o Resíduo Sólido Orgânico Urbano (R.S.O.U.) constitui-se fonte de nutrientes para as plantas e material corretivo com atributos químicos semelhantes a adubo mineral e calcário. Para os substratos constituídos com latosolo vermelho eutroférrico argiloso, doses com até 40% de R.S.O.U. não exerceram influência negativa nas plantas. Nos substratos constituídos com latosolo vermelho distrófico, a dosagem máxima para que o R.S.O.U. não influencie na vida das mudas, foi de 20%. Os melhores resultados para as plantas ocorreram o regime de irrigação de 75% do valor diário determinado. A relação C/N foi crescente com o aumento da porcentagem de R.S.O.U. Ao final da pesquisa a maioria dos substratos estavam na faixa entre 1/7,7 a 1/14,7. / Abstract: The deposition of trash in landfill, controlled landfills, and in its greatest part, in open dumps, pollute the soil and take spaces that could be used for other purposes. In relation to the organic trash, it has been used composted as manure in the agriculture, however, there are many inconveniences caused by this technique, among them contamination, a large used area, the long time of the process and the high cost. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of non composted urban organic solid residue dosages, in the substrate, associated to irrigation ways in the formation of Eucalyptus seedlings. The research was developed at the UNESP Campus, in Jaboticabal - SP, Brazil, located at 21º 15' 22" South latitude, 48º 18'58" West longitude. Nine substrates were used, two latosols, one red clayey Eutroferric and another dystrophic red , six mixtures of latosols with dried and ground urban organic solid residue, non composted and one with pure residue. The irrigation was based on four levels, (50%, 75%, 100% and 130% of the evapotranspiration daily values). The plants behavior evaluation was done in five ages (15, 29, 41, 53 and 79 days after the sowing). It was evaluated the biometric variables of the culture and chemical variables of the substrates. The obtained results indicated that: the Urban Organic Solid Residue (U.O.S.R.) is a source of nutrients for the plants and corrective material, with chemical attributes similar to mineral manure and limestone. For the substrates constituted by red clayey eutroferric latosol, dosages up to 40% of U.O.S.R. did not have a negative influence on the plants. In the substrates constituted by dystrophic red latosol, the maximum dosage, so that the U.O.S.R. did not influence negatively on the lives of the plants, was 20%. The best results for the plants behavior occurred at the irrigation... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Orientador: João Antonio Galbiatti / Coorientador: Jairo Augusto Campos de Araújo / Banca: Raimundo Leite Cruz / Banca: Maurício José Borges / Banca: Edemo João Fernandes / Banca: Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissara / Doutor

The topic of this publication is a comparison of insulated sandwich panels and materials of organic origin - wood based materials. There were compared insulative properties, lifetime and finacial costs of these materials.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第20702号 / 工博第4399号 / 新制||工||1683(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料工学専攻 / (主査)教授 杉村 博之, 教授 河合 潤, 教授 邑瀬 邦明 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

A contaminação ambiental provocada pelo despejo de resíduos industriais e pela aplicação de agrotóxicos pode resultar no desequilíbrio dos ecossistemas, além de causar danos diretos à saúde humana. No Brasil, existem várias áreas contaminadas com resíduos industriais, tais como o hexaclorobenzeno (HCB), um composto organoclorado usado no passado como fungicida, mas que atualmente tem seu uso proibido devido a sua alta persistência no ambiente e alta capacidade de bioacumulação. Este estudo verificou a possibilidade de remoção de resíduos de HCB do solo contaminado além da possibilidade de contaminação do ar e da água por este composto. Verificou-se: a) o efeito de adição de matéria orgânica, alteração de pH e alagamento da terra sobre a comunidade microbiana e a degradação do HCB; b) a volatilização do HCB e, c) a lixiviação deste composto. A contaminação inicial da terra foi determinada através de extração das amostras de terra contaminada e análise dos extratos por cromatografia gasosa (CG). Alterações das características da terra foram promovidas pela adição de matéria orgânica (bagaço de cana de açúcar ou vermicomposto), adição de Cal ou alagamento das amostras de terra contaminada, além de combinações destes tratamentos. Cada amostra de terra, colocada em frascos de vidro, recebeu uma solução de HCB radiomarcado (14C-HCB). A mineralização do 14C-HCB foi analisada através da captura do CO2 proveniente das amostras de terra por uma solução de hidróxido de potássio e quantificação do 14CO2 por Espectrometria de Cintilação Líquida (ECL). A volatilização do 14C-HCB foi analisada através da captura dos compostos voláteis por lâmina de poliuretano, extração desta lâmina e análise do extrato por ECL, para quantificação dos 14C-compostos voláteis, e por CG, para quantificação dos compostos voláteis (HCB e metabólitos). A formação de 14C-resíduos ligados e de metabólitos do HCB nas amostras de terra foi analisada através da extração destas amostras e posterior análise da terra extraída por ECL e do extrato por CG. Cada amostra de terra também foi analisada quanto à atividade microbiana, medida através da respiração dos microrganismos, e quanto a densidade microbiana, através da metodologia de contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) de bactérias e fungos. A mobilidade e a lixiviação do HCB foram estudadas através de percolação de água em tubos de PVC contendo amostras de terra contaminada tratadas com bagaço de cana de açúcar e/ou cal e solução de 14C-HCB, dispostas sobre amostras de terra não contaminada; os tubos foram seccionados e a terra e a água lixiviada foram analisadas por ECL. O período dos estudos foi de 270 dias. A determinação da contaminação inicial da terra indicou a presença do HCB (3400 mg g-1 terra) e dos metabólitos 1,2,4,5 TCB (24 mg g-1 terra), 1,2,3,4 TCB (6 mg g-1 terra) e PCB (267 mg g-1 terra). A volatilização de 14C-compostos ocorreu em todas as amostras, principalmente nas amostras alagadas e com adição de matéria orgânica (29% a 40 %, após 270 dias). O alagamento favoreceu a volatilização provavelmente devido a baixa hidrossolubilidade do HCB e, a presença de matéria orgânica pode ter favorecido a formação de metabólitos mais voláteis através do estímulo à descloração redutiva, que ocorre sob condições de anaerobiose. Entretanto, a descloração redutiva não foi comprovada pois não houve formação nem aumento na concentração de metabólitos do HCB entre os compostos volatilizados. Houve uma diminuição na quantidade de 14C-compostos extraíveis no decorrer do tempo em todas as amostras, mas a concentração de HCB ou de seus metabólitos permaneceu constante independente do tratamento. A atividade e a densidade microbiana foram maiores nas amostras com bagaço de cana de açúcar mas não tiveram efeito sobre a volatilização ou a degradação do HCB. Não ocorreu mineralização ou mobilidade do 14C-HCB na terra contaminada e nem a formação de 14C-resíduos ligados. Portanto, a adição de matéria orgânica, a alteração de pH e o alagamento da terra não se mostraram eficientes para a remoção do HCB de terra contaminada. Além disso, a ocorrência de formação de 14C-compostos voláteis e a ausência de lixiviação do 14C-HCB indicaram que a presença de resíduos de HCB no solo pode levar à contaminação do ar mas não de água subterrânea. / The environmental contamination by industrial wastes and pesticides can cause harmful effects to ecosystem besides direct human health damages. In Brasil, there are several areas contaminated with industrial wastes like the hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a chlorinated organic compound used in the past as fungicide but that has no longer been produced due to its high persistence in the environment and bioaccumulation potential. This study verified the possibility of HCB residues removal from contaminated soil besides the air and water contamination risk. It was verified: a) the effect of organic matter addition, pH change and flooding of the contaminated soil on the microbial community and HCB degradation; b) HCB volatilization and, c) HCB leaching. The initial soil contamination was determined by extraction of contaminated soil samples and analysis of the extract by Gaseous Chromatography (GC). Soil properties changes were promoted by organic material addition (sugar cane bagasse or earthworm humus), lime addition and flooding of the soil samples besides a combination of these treatments. Each soil sample, placed in glass flasks, was treated with radiolabelled HCB solution (14C-HCB). The 14C-HCB mineralization was analyzed by the entrapment of CO2 originated from the soil samples by potassium hydroxide solution and quantification of the 14CO2 by Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry (LSS). The 14C-HCB volatilization was analyzed by the entrapment of the volatiles compounds by a polyurethane lamina, extraction of this lamina and analysis of the extract by LSS, for 14C-volatile compounds quantification, and by GC, for volatile compounds (HCB and metabolites) quantification. The 14C-bound residues and the HCB metabolites of the soil samples were analyzed by the extraction of these samples and further analysis of the extracted soil by LSS and analysis of the extract by GC. Each soil sample was analyzed with regard to its microbial activity by microbial respiration measure and microbial density by the plate count technique. The mobility and leaching of the HCB were studied by water percolation through PVC tubes containing contaminated soil treated with sugar cane bagasse and/or lime and 14C-HCB placed over no contaminated soil; the tubes were cut in sections and the soil and the leached water were analyzed by LSS. All these studies lasted 270 days. The initial soil contamination determination indicated the presence of the HCB (3400 mg g-1 soil) and the metabolites 1,2,4,5 TCB (24 mg g-1 soil), 1,2,3,4 TCB (6 mg g-1 soil) and PCB (267 mg g-1 soil). The volatilization of the 14C-compounds occurred in all the samples, mainly in the flooded samples with organic matter addition (29% to 40% after 270 days). The flooding enhanced the volatilization due the low HCB water-solubility and, the presence of organic material can have favoured the formation of metabolites more volatile than the HCB due to reductive dechlorination that occurs under anaerobic conditions. But the reductive dechlorination occurrence was not proved as there was no formation or increase in metabolite concentration. There was a decrease in 14C-extractable compounds quantity through the time in all the samples but the HCB and metabolites concentrations keep constant independently of the treatment. The microbial activity and density were higher in the samples with sugar cane bagasse but it did not affected the HCB volatilization or degradation. The 14C-HCB mineralization and the 14C-bound residues formation did not occur. The mobility of the 14C-HCB was not observed too. Therefore, the organic material addition, the pH change and the soil flooding were not efficient to HCB removal from the contaminated soil. And, the occurrence of the volatilization of 14C-compounds and the absence of 14C-HCB leaching indicated that the presence of HCB residues in the soil can result in contamination of air but not the ground water.

Nitrogen is one of the major elements essential for plant growth. It is the element most prone to depletion by cultivation and is usually found deficient in soils. In successful farming the problem of nitrogen supply is of special importance because plants need it in large amounts, it is fairly expensive to supply, and it is easily lost from the soil.

Lakes are important global ecosystems and many of them are nutrient-poor (unproductive). Especially in northern boreal latitudes, lakes may be heavily subsidized by terrestrial organic material (t-OM) from peat layers in the catchment. Thus, in addition to heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton, zooplankton may also use the particulate fraction of peat layer t-OM (t-POM) as a potential food source in those systems. Inputs of t-OM in northern latitudes are anticipated to increase in the future due to increasing precipitation and temperature. As t-OM is a good substrate for bacterial growth and as bacteria can often outcompete phytoplankton for inorganic nutrients, the proportions of heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton are expected to change in unproductive lakes. This may have pronounced impacts on zooplankton population dynamics. The aim of my thesis was to investigate how changes in food quality and quantity will affect metazoan zooplankton performance in unproductive lakes. Three laboratory studies assessed the quality of specific food components (phytoplankton, bacteria and peat layer t-POM) and their effects on Daphnia survival, growth and reproduction. Further, a mesocosm study with a full natural plankton community tested the predictions of the Light:Nutrient-Hypothesis in an unproductive clear water lake in situ by adding carbon and inorganic nutrients and changing light availability. I found that pure bacterial (Pseudomonas sp.) or t-POM diets could not sustain Daphnia populations, even though both were readily ingested. Daphnids needed at least 10-20% phytoplankton (Rhodomonas) in the diet to survive and even higher proportions (≥ 50%) were necessary for the production of viable offspring. Further, I showed that the dilution of non-limiting concentrations of Rhodomonas with increasing proportions of Pseudomonas or t-POM led to decreased Daphnia performance. Both Pseudomonas and t-POM lack essential biochemicals (fatty acids and sterols). In contrast, mineral nutrient limitation only occurred on t-POM-dominated diets as evidenced by a labeling experiment that showed Daphnia can incorporate carbon and phosphorus from Rhodomonas and Pseudomonas with similar efficiencies. Thus, peat layer t-POM was a lower quality food than Pseudomonas. This was corroborated by the finding that intermediate additions of Pseudomonas to limiting amounts of Rhodomonas supported increased Daphnia survival, growth and reproduction while t-POM additions had no beneficial effect. My results suggest that high terrestrial stable isotope signals in metazoan zooplankton are most likely derived from t-OM that is channeled tohigher trophic levels via the microbial loop (i.e. heterotrophic bacteria and/or bacterivorous protozoa) but not from direct metazoan feeding on t-POM. Furthermore, bacteria may serve as an important supplement to zooplankton diets when phytoplankton abundance is low. However, a sufficient proportion of high quality phytoplankton is always necessary to fulfil mineral and especially biochemical requirements of zooplankton in unproductive aquatic systems. The results of the mesocosm study showed that the Light:Nutrient-Hypothesis is not applicable to unproductive clear water systems in which the phytoplankton community is dominated by mixotrophs. In the face of the theoretical predictions, low light levels led to decreased zooplankton biomass. This was most likely caused by a shift in the algal community composition towards less edible taxa. Another reason may have been a weakening of the microbial loop. This is in line with the results of the laboratory studies that point out the importance of the microbial food web for zooplankton nutrition in unproductive lakes.

The primary goal of this research concerns the synthesis and characterization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) grafted with pendant alkyl substituents to enhance stability and gas sorption properties for use in clean-energy related technologies. Initially, the focus of this work was on the synthesis and comparison of two isostructural MOFs built upon octahedral secondary building blocks; one with no alkyl substituents, and its dimethyl-substituted counterpart. The dimethyl-substituents are observed to enhance the stability of the framework, resulting in high Langmuir surface area (4859 m2 g-1) and hydrogen uptake capacity at 77 K and 1 bar (2.6 wt%). In the second section, the length of pendant alkoxy substituents in semi-flexible MOFs was evaluated through the synthesis and characterization of two isostructural MOFs, one with dimethoxy (PCN-38) and one with diethoxy pendant groups (PCN-39). While PCN-38 exhibited moderate surface area and hydrogen uptake capacities, PCN-39 underwent structural change upon activation leading to a redistribution of pore sizes and selective adsorption of hydrogen over larger gases. This structural transformation is believed to originate from optimal space filling of the pendant groups. In the third section, a series of NbO-type MOFs were synthesized with dimethoxy, diethoxy, dipropoxy, and dihexyloxy substituents and the relationship between chain length and framework stability identified. Increasing chain length was observed to increase moisture stability of the MOFs, resulting in a superhydrophobic material in the case of the dihexyloxy derivative. Thermal stability, however, decreased with increasing chain length, as evidenced from in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction measurements (PXRD). This is in contrast to data obtained from thermogravimetric analysis and shows that the standard use of thermogravimetric analysis, which measures combustion temperatures, may not always provide an accurate description of the thermal stability of MOFs. The role of pendant groups in gas adsorption processes was evaluated through identification of side chains and guest species in the pores of MOFs through in situ synchrotron PXRD measurements. In summary, three separate isostructural series of MOFs with various pendant groups have been discussed in this dissertation, with the roles of those pendant groups toward crystal structure, stability, and gas sorption properties analyzed.

Orientador: Nilton Luiz de Souza / Banca: Edson Luiz Furtado / Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas / Banca: Alfredo Seiti Urashima / Banca: Flávia Rodrigues A. Patricio / Resumo: A solarização é uma das alternativas de controle físico para vários fitopatógenos que podem sobreviver por vários anos no solo por meio de estruturas de resistência, causando danos em muitas culturas, e muitas vezes inviabilizando vastas áreas agrícolas. No entanto, existem algumas espécies que possuem temperatura letal acima daquela atingida pela solarização do solo. Vem sendo estudado a incorporação de material orgânico previamente a colocação do plástico, situação esta que promove o aprisionamento dos gases oriundos da decomposição, conferindo um efeito aditivo à solarização. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu na prospecção de materiais orgânicos promissores para produzir voláteis fungitóxicos capazes de controlar fitopatógenos de solo. Foram realizados dois ensaios em condições de microcosmo (câmara de vidro) para simular a solarização do solo, onde incorporou-se 1kg/m2 de material orgânico fresco e posteriormente, dois experimentos de campo, em épocas diferentes e em áreas contíguas com os mesmos materiais orgânicos. No primeiro experimento foi incorporado 1kg/m2 de material orgânico e no segundo 3Kg/m2. Estudou-se quatro fitopatógenos (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Raça 2; Macrophomina phaseolina; Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI e Sclerotium rolfsii) frente a quatro 2 materiais orgânicos frescos e triturados incorporados ao solo (folhas e ramos de brócolos, eucalipto, mamona e mandioca brava). O controle dos fungos foi avaliado por meio da análise da sobrevivência das estruturas em meio semi-seletivo específicos, durante quatro períodos (7, 14, 21 e 28 dias do início do experimento). Nos experimentos de campo, foram monitoradas a temperatura por um coletor de dados Tipo CR23X (Campbell Scientific) e a porcentagem de CO2 e de O2 pelo equipamento analisador de gases (Texto 325-1)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: Solarization is one of the physical control alternatives available against a number of plant pathogens capable of surviving for several years in the soil by means of resistance structures, causing damage to many crops, and often rendering vast agricultural areas unviable. However, there are a few species whose lethal temperature is above the temperature reached during soil solarization. The incorporation of organic material prior to mulching with plastic is currently being studied. This condition promotes the trapping of gases from decomposition, imparting an additive effect to solarization. The objective of the present work consisted in the investigation of organic materials which are promising to produce fungitoxic volatiles that can control soil plant pathogens. Two assays were carried out under microcosmic conditions (glass chamber) to simulate soil solarization, in which 1kg/m2 of fresh organic material were incorporated. Later, two field experiments were carried out during different seasons and at contiguous areas, using the same organic materials. In the first experiment, 1kg/m2 of organic material was incorporated, while 3Kg/m2 were incorporated in the second. Four plant pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Strain 2; Macrophomina phaseolina; Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI, and Sclerotium rolfsii) were studied under four types of fresh, ground organic materials incorporated into the soil (leaves and branches of broccoli, eucalyptus, castor bean, and wild cassava). Fungus control was evaluated through the analysis of the survival of structures in a specific semi-selective medium, during four periods (7, 14, 21, and 28 days from the beginning of the experiment). In 4 the field experiments, temperature was monitored with a Type CR23X (Campbell Scientific) data collector, and CO2 and O2 percentages were monitored with a Testo 325-1 gas analyzer equipment. In both field experiments...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Doutor