Lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered the next generation of photovoltaic technology, reaching an outstanding certified power conversion efficiency of 25.7% in just 20 years. The best-performing PSCs are based on polycrystalline films, where the presence of grain boundaries and a tremendous number of defects limit stability and efficiency and thus further industrial development. Compared to their polycrystalline counterparts, single crystals of lead halide perovskites have been shown to possess much lower trap-state densities, long diffusion lengths, high stability, and near-IR absorption. This thesis describes the use of a confined space and inverse temperature method to grow perovskite single crystals of MAPbI3 directly on PTAA (poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine]) films. This method allowed the fabrication of p-i-n inverted solar cells with the structure ITO/PTAA/perovskite single-crystal thin film/C60 (fullerene)/BCP (bathocuproine)/Cu (copper). A key requirement in achieving high photoconversion efficiency (PCE) is avoiding iodine oxidation, which forms triiodide impurities that function as defects in perovskites and that can seriously hinder the performance of perovskites. By suppressing the formation of triiodide, high-quality perovskite photodetectors and solar cells can be realized. For single crystals, orientation has a strong effect on device performance. Here, (100)- and (001)-facet single-crystal thin films were fabricated into solar cells. Unlike traditional (100)-facet films, which exhibit high PCE in a glovebox environment, (001)-facet single-crystal thin films show high stability under ambient conditions.

L'une des étapes cruciales de la vie professionnelle d'un adolescent est de choisir une carrière. Les parents, étant le prédicteur le plus stable et le plus durable du bien-être et du développement de leur enfant, peuvent aussi contribuer à son développement vocationnel par le biais de leurs comportements. Toutefois, leur rôle dans le développement vocationnel de l'adolescent a été peu étudié. Dans la présente étude, la contribution des parents a été examinée sous une perspective ancrée dans la théorie de l'autodétermination, à travers des comportements soutenant les besoins psychologiques (c.-à-d., soutien à l'autonomie, engagement, structure). L'accent a été mis sur l'exploration vocationnelle, qui consiste à recueillir des informations sur le monde professionnel, tout en tenant compte des intérêts personnels. Nous avons donc cherché à identifier et décrire les trajectoires d'exploration vocationnelle, du milieu de l'adolescence jusqu'au début de l'âge adulte, auprès d'un échantillon d'élèves du secondaire suivi pendant cinq années. Les résultats d'analyses des classes latentes ont révélé que l'exploration vocationnelle était hétérogène : trois patrons développementaux distincts ont été identifiés. De plus, les comportements parentaux soutenant des besoins psychologiques ont prédit l'appartenance aux trajectoires, et plus spécifiquement, à la trajectoire optimale d'exploration vocationnelle. Les caractéristiques familiales (c.-à-d., la structure familiale, le niveau socioéconomique et le niveau d'éducation de la mère), rassemblées sous un score de risque, ont aussi prédit l'appartenance aux trajectoires d'exploration. Ainsi, un plus haut risque familial a prédit l'appartenance à la trajectoire optimale tandis qu'un faible risque familial a prédit l'appartenance à la trajectoire plus négative, où les jeunes ont manifesté des niveaux faibles et stables d'exploration. Les résultats obtenus dans cette étude ont d'importantes implications scientifiques et pratiques concernant le développement vocationnel des jeunes. / A crucial step in adolescents' professional life is choosing a career. Parents, as the most stable and enduring predictor of their child's well-being and development can be important contributors to their vocational decision-making. However, their role in their child's vocational development has been understudied. In this study, parents' contribution was examined from a self-determination perspective through need supportive behaviors (i.e., autonomy support, involvement, structure). Furthermore, the focus was on vocational exploration, which involves gathering information about the professional world, while considering personal interests. We thus aimed to identify and describe trajectories of vocational exploration from mid-adolescence to early adulthood in a sample of high school students surveyed longitudinally over a 5-year period. Results from latent class analysis revealed that vocational exploration was heterogeneous, where three distinct developmental patterns were identified. Parents' need supportive behaviors predicted trajectory group membership, and more importantly, belonging to the optimal trajectory of vocational exploration. Also, family characteristics (e.g., family structure, SES, mother's education), reunited under a risk score, predicted trajectory's membership where higher risk predicted being in the optimal trajectory and lower risk predicted being in the low exploration trajectory. Results have important scientific and practical implications for youths' vocational exploration and development.

<p> This study describes the analysis of orientation of elongate quartz grains in massive turbidite sandstones from the Chetco Formation (Jurassic) of southwestern Oregon. Inferences on depositional fabric of this resedimented facies are made.</p> <p> Grain orientation in the plane parallel to bedding is generally not highly significant statistically, and current direction, supplied by imbrication, is not persistent vertically through the beds. However, a rotation pattern of current direction in each bed is detected.</p> <p> Variations in orientation distribution could represent variations in sediment concentration of the flow and in the rate of deposition.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

L'une des étapes cruciales de la vie professionnelle d'un adolescent est de choisir une carrière. Les parents, étant le prédicteur le plus stable et le plus durable du bien-être et du développement de leur enfant, peuvent aussi contribuer à son développement vocationnel par le biais de leurs comportements. Toutefois, leur rôle dans le développement vocationnel de l'adolescent a été peu étudié. Dans la présente étude, la contribution des parents a été examinée sous une perspective ancrée dans la théorie de l'autodétermination, à travers des comportements soutenant les besoins psychologiques (c.-à-d., soutien à l'autonomie, engagement, structure). L'accent a été mis sur l'exploration vocationnelle, qui consiste à recueillir des informations sur le monde professionnel, tout en tenant compte des intérêts personnels. Nous avons donc cherché à identifier et décrire les trajectoires d'exploration vocationnelle, du milieu de l'adolescence jusqu'au début de l'âge adulte, auprès d'un échantillon d'élèves du secondaire suivi pendant cinq années. Les résultats d'analyses des classes latentes ont révélé que l'exploration vocationnelle était hétérogène : trois patrons développementaux distincts ont été identifiés. De plus, les comportements parentaux soutenant des besoins psychologiques ont prédit l'appartenance aux trajectoires, et plus spécifiquement, à la trajectoire optimale d'exploration vocationnelle. Les caractéristiques familiales (c.-à-d., la structure familiale, le niveau socioéconomique et le niveau d'éducation de la mère), rassemblées sous un score de risque, ont aussi prédit l'appartenance aux trajectoires d'exploration. Ainsi, un plus haut risque familial a prédit l'appartenance à la trajectoire optimale tandis qu'un faible risque familial a prédit l'appartenance à la trajectoire plus négative, où les jeunes ont manifesté des niveaux faibles et stables d'exploration. Les résultats obtenus dans cette étude ont d'importantes implications scientifiques et pratiques concernant le développement vocationnel des jeunes. / A crucial step in adolescents' professional life is choosing a career. Parents, as the most stable and enduring predictor of their child's well-being and development can be important contributors to their vocational decision-making. However, their role in their child's vocational development has been understudied. In this study, parents' contribution was examined from a self-determination perspective through need supportive behaviors (i.e., autonomy support, involvement, structure). Furthermore, the focus was on vocational exploration, which involves gathering information about the professional world, while considering personal interests. We thus aimed to identify and describe trajectories of vocational exploration from mid-adolescence to early adulthood in a sample of high school students surveyed longitudinally over a 5-year period. Results from latent class analysis revealed that vocational exploration was heterogeneous, where three distinct developmental patterns were identified. Parents' need supportive behaviors predicted trajectory group membership, and more importantly, belonging to the optimal trajectory of vocational exploration. Also, family characteristics (e.g., family structure, SES, mother's education), reunited under a risk score, predicted trajectory's membership where higher risk predicted being in the optimal trajectory and lower risk predicted being in the low exploration trajectory. Results have important scientific and practical implications for youths' vocational exploration and development.

Thesis advisor: Richard Kearney / All our movements presuppose our being oriented. But what does it mean for the embodied subject to be oriented in space? How is the egocentric space of the lived body connected to the larger domain of objective space? While Husserl explored how the egocentric subject comes to situate itself within intersubjectively constituted objective space, Merleau-Ponty’s further inquiry into pre-objective spatiality suggests that the embodied subject is always already oriented beyond itself, via its connections to the three dimensions of the physical world. His work on the subjective experience of depth and verticality laid the groundwork for a phenomenology of the three dimensions, which I undertake here. For each of the three dimensions—verticality, horizontality and depth—I explore the interconnections among a) the sensed dimensions of bodily space b) the dimensions of intersubjective space and c) the geometric, abstract axes of objective space. Each of the dimensions in lived space is qualitatively distinct, both as sensed in the body and perceived externally, and they differ accordingly as bearers of meaning. My primary aim is to elucidate the specific character of the dimensions in all their expressive, existential, and cultural significance; this is done first at the level of subjective, bodily spatiality and then again at the broader cultural and historical level. To this end, I look to philosophy as well as to visual art, architecture, the history of religion and myth, psychology, cognitive linguistics and neuroscience. Investigating the axes of the body in relation to the dimensions of the world means asking about orientation itself, for it lies at their nexus. I examine the role of spatial orientation in self-understanding, self-identity and memory as well as in shaping relations with the Other. Ultimately, the prevailing cultural (western) ideas of modern space and subjectivity, rooted in the cogito, prove to be in tension with a phenomenology of space and the three dimensions. The primacy of egocentricity deserves to be questioned in light of various alternate modes of spatial experience (attuned, shared) and alternate modes of orientation (allocentric, absolute). I conclude that orientation is better described as symbiotic and reciprocal, with the lived body always in relation to the world beyond itself. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Philosophy.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore self-determination in daily life and external programs for youth with visual impairments. To achieve this, the researcher explored three areas that contribute to the development of self-determination based on Wehmeyer’s Functional Theory of Self-determination: capacity, opportunities, and support. All participants in this study participated in Cane Quest, an external program specifically designed for youth with visual impairments. Cane Quest is a long cane competition for youth with visual impairments. These youth independently complete on a route using their orientation and mobility skills while navigating through complex environments such as residential areas, commercial areas, stores, buses, and a college campus. Data were collected through individual interviews, focus group sessions, and document collection. The phenomenological approach was used to analyze the data. Results suggest that youth with visual impairments are facing barriers to capacity, opportunities, and appropriate support in their daily lives. The finding also identified that external programs, like Cane Quest, can provide opportunities and appropriate support for youth with visual impairments to practice and develop self-determination skills. External programs, such as Cane Quest, can be beneficial for youth with visual impairments by filling in some of the gaps that may be occurring in their daily lives.

Understanding the origins of the multiaxial material properties of soft tissues is crucial for quantifying the tissue material properties that govern the material behavior for acurate predictive modeling of the biological systems. Unlike many engineering structural materials, biological materials exhibit complex material behavior due to structural anisotropy and various interactions between each of the microstructrual units of the tissue. Therefore, this study aims to quantify the shear material behavior of rabbit patellar tendon under simple shear loading along the fiber direction and perpendicular to the fiber direction and to understand the role of tissue shearing and its contribution to the overall mechanical behavior of the tendon. It was hypothesized that tendon demonstrates anisotropic material response under simple shear. Results suggests that tendon exhibits direction-dependent viscoelastic shear properties, reflecting structural anisotropy. The data obtained from our present study could be used for development of constituent models using internal state variable theory.

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