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O setor da construção civil é um dos que mais consomem recursos naturais e utilizam energia de forma intensiva, gerando consideráveis impactos ambientais juntamente com grande quantidade de resíduos. A utilização de produtos alternativos como painéis de madeira surge como uma possibilidade de redução de tais impactos. O Oriented Strand Board, desenvolvido para substituir o painel compensado, tem conquistado cada vez mais espaço na construção apesar de sua menor estabilidade dimensional perante o seu antecessor. A adição de resíduos, como o plástico, na matriz constituinte destes painéis representa alternativa de reaproveitamento destes descartes e economia de madeira no processo produtivo destes compósitos, além de proporcionar melhoria nas propriedades físicas dos mesmos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi confirmar a viabilidade técnica da produção de painéis OSB de madeira de Pinus sp. com adição de proporções de 20 e 30% de partículas de polipropileno biorientado em sua matriz constituinte e resina poliuretana à base de óleo de mamona. A avaliação de desempenho foi feita por intermédio das propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos painéis, determinadas atendendo as recomendações da EN 300 (1999). Os painéis foram classificados como OSB 4, de acordo com as propriedades físicas avaliadas, e OSB 1, considerando os módulos de elasticidade e ruptura obtidos em ensaios de flexão estática. A adesão interna, para os painéis produzidos com os parâmetros de processo adotados, não alcançou os valores exigidos pela citada norma. De todas as propriedades avaliadas, apenas inchamento em espessura e absorção de água foram influenciadas pela porcentagem de BOPP. Assim, considera-se comprovada a viabilidade técnica da produção dos painéis OSB deste trabalho, para aplicação na construção civil. / Building construction is one of the sectors that most consuming natural resources and use energy intensively, generating considerable environmental impacts coupled with large amount of waste. Employing alternative product like wood panels comes as a possibility to reduce these impacts. Oriented Strand Board, developed to substitute the plywood panel, has gained more space in the construction spite of its lower dimensional stability against its predecessor. The addition of plastic waste in constitutive matrix of these panels represents an alternative to reuse this kind of waste and wood economy in the productive process of these composites, besides improving their physical properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility of producing OSB of Pinus sp. wood with the addition of various proportions of particles of bioriented polypropylene in its constitutive matrix and polyurethane resin based on castor oil with evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of these panels. In accordance with EN 300 (1999), the OSB panels have been classified as 4 in accordance with the physical properties assessed and as OSB 1 for the elasticity modules and rupture. Property of internal bond not presented the minimum values required by the same standard. Of all properties evaluated, only thickness swelling and water absorption were influenced by the percentage of BOPP. However, it is considered completely evidenced the technical viability of production of the OSB of this work, and its potential employability in civil construction sector.

O setor da construção civil é um dos que mais consomem recursos naturais e utilizam energia de forma intensiva, gerando consideráveis impactos ambientais juntamente com grande quantidade de resíduos. A utilização de produtos alternativos como painéis de madeira surge como uma possibilidade de redução de tais impactos. O Oriented Strand Board, desenvolvido para substituir o painel compensado, tem conquistado cada vez mais espaço na construção apesar de sua menor estabilidade dimensional perante o seu antecessor. A adição de resíduos, como o plástico, na matriz constituinte destes painéis representa alternativa de reaproveitamento destes descartes e economia de madeira no processo produtivo destes compósitos, além de proporcionar melhoria nas propriedades físicas dos mesmos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi confirmar a viabilidade técnica da produção de painéis OSB de madeira de Pinus sp. com adição de proporções de 20 e 30% de partículas de polipropileno biorientado em sua matriz constituinte e resina poliuretana à base de óleo de mamona. A avaliação de desempenho foi feita por intermédio das propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos painéis, determinadas atendendo as recomendações da EN 300 (1999). Os painéis foram classificados como OSB 4, de acordo com as propriedades físicas avaliadas, e OSB 1, considerando os módulos de elasticidade e ruptura obtidos em ensaios de flexão estática. A adesão interna, para os painéis produzidos com os parâmetros de processo adotados, não alcançou os valores exigidos pela citada norma. De todas as propriedades avaliadas, apenas inchamento em espessura e absorção de água foram influenciadas pela porcentagem de BOPP. Assim, considera-se comprovada a viabilidade técnica da produção dos painéis OSB deste trabalho, para aplicação na construção civil. / Building construction is one of the sectors that most consuming natural resources and use energy intensively, generating considerable environmental impacts coupled with large amount of waste. Employing alternative product like wood panels comes as a possibility to reduce these impacts. Oriented Strand Board, developed to substitute the plywood panel, has gained more space in the construction spite of its lower dimensional stability against its predecessor. The addition of plastic waste in constitutive matrix of these panels represents an alternative to reuse this kind of waste and wood economy in the productive process of these composites, besides improving their physical properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility of producing OSB of Pinus sp. wood with the addition of various proportions of particles of bioriented polypropylene in its constitutive matrix and polyurethane resin based on castor oil with evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of these panels. In accordance with EN 300 (1999), the OSB panels have been classified as 4 in accordance with the physical properties assessed and as OSB 1 for the elasticity modules and rupture. Property of internal bond not presented the minimum values required by the same standard. Of all properties evaluated, only thickness swelling and water absorption were influenced by the percentage of BOPP. However, it is considered completely evidenced the technical viability of production of the OSB of this work, and its potential employability in civil construction sector.

The dimensional stability of oriented strand board (OSB) can be affected by processing variables. This study investigated the water absorption and thickness swelling of OSB based on its board layup, type of resin, resin content, and percentage of wax. The experiment data was measured inside an environmental chamber from oven dry (OD) conditions to 80% relative humidity (RH), and from OD to 90% RH. The results suggest that single layer boards and isocyanate resin provide greater dimensional stability to OSB than three layer boards or phenol formaldehyde resin. In addition, the water absorption and thickness swell data were effectively modeled by equations developed for wood fiber/polymer composites.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver, produzir e caracterizar painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual com as espécies de eucalipto (Eucalyptus spp.) e pinus (Pinus spp.) com densidade 1250 kg/m³, bem como avaliar o efeito da cura com carbonatação acelerada nas propriedades dos painéis. O projeto foi desenvolvido em quatro etapas. Na Etapa 1 (Tratamentos nos strands de eucalipto e pinus) foi realizada a produção e a avaliação do efeito dos tratamentos de água fria, água quente e solução 2,5% de hidróxido de sódio, nas propriedades dos strands, bem como o estudo do efeito dos strands de eucalipto e pinus (sem e com tratamentos) na hidratação do cimento Portland aos 28 dias de idade. Após a avaliação dos strands, foi constatado que os que não receberam tratamento apresentaram melhor desempenho em comparação aos strands tratados. A etapa 2 (Determinação do teor ótimo de strands de madeira para painéis OSB cimento-madeira residual) visou produzir painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual contendo os teores de 25%, 30% e 35% de strands em massa, seguindo a metodologia convencional de produção de painéis cimento-madeira (OSB-cimento-madeira) e avaliá-los por meio das propriedades, físicas, mecânicas e microestruturais. Os painéis OSB-cimento-madeira com os teores de 25%, 30% e 35% de strands apresentaram propriedades físicas próximas ao valor recomendado pela norma ISO 8335 como também para propriedades mecânicas de módulo de ruptura (MOR) e módulo de elasticidade (MOE). Na etapa 3 (Painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual otimizados) foram ajustados os parâmetros de produção (teor de strands, teor de água, processo de mistura e pressão) e avaliadas as propriedades térmicas, físicas e mecânicas dos painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual com 35% e 45% de strands (em massa). Foi observado que após o ajuste da água não evaporável (Wn), os valores de densidade aparente foram próximos ao valor proposto nos parâmetros produtivos. O teor de strands de 45% resultou em um aumento de aproximadamente 31% no MOR paralelo e de 93% no MOE perpendicular ao strand em comparação com painéis fabricados com teores de 35%. A pressão empregada foi efetiva uma vez que proporcionou uma compressão adequada para ambos os painéis (eucalipto e pinus), não sendo evidenciado o \"efeito mola\". Na Etapa 4 (Cura com carbonatação acelerada em painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual) em que foram avaliados os painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual com 45% de strands submetidos a cura com carbonatação acelerada, durante 12 h foi observada uma redução do inchamento em espessura e da absorção de água. Os valores médios do MOR na direção paralela do strand e do MOE foram próximos aos requisitos mínimos estabelecidos pela EN300: 2006 - classe OSB/1. Para os painéis avaliados após o ensaio de envelhecimento acelerado de 100 ciclos de imersão e secagem, foi observado que o desempenho mecânico dos painéis carbonatados foi significativamente superior aos não carbonatados. Portanto, pode-se concluir que os painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual produzidos com strands de eucalipto e pinus no teor de massa de 45% e curados com carbonatação acelerada apresentaram potencial como um novo material, visto que as propriedades físicas e mecânicas atendem ao estabelecido pela norma EN300:2006 para painel cimento-madeira convencional. / This project aims the development, production and characterization of OSB-cement-residual-wood particleboards using the wood species of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) and pine (Pinus spp.) with a density of 1250 kg/m³, as well as to evaluate the accelerated carbonation effects on the particleboard\'s properties. This project was conducted into four steps. In the step 1 (Tratamentos nos strands de eucalipto e pinus) it was realized the strands production and characterization. In this step, the study of the strands (eucalyptus and pine) on the Portland cement hydration at 28 days age was also investigated. The results shown that the strands without treatment perform better than those treated. In the step 2 (Determinação do teor ótimo de strands de madeira para painéis OSB cimento-madeira residual) a physical, mechanical and microstructural properties evaluation was conducted on the OSB-cement-residual-wood particleboards with strand contents of 25%, 30% and 35% (by weight) produced with the conventional cement-wood production method. The OSB-cement-residual-wood with all strand contents shown physical and mechanical (MOR and MOE) properties close to those recommend by ISO 8335. In the step 3 (Painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual otimizados) production parameters were adjusted (strand contents, water content, mixture procedure and pressure) and the particleboards with 35% and 45% of strands thermal, physical and mechanical properties were assessed. The results of this step shown that after once adjusted the non-evaporable water (Wn) in the production, the apparent density values were close to those proposed in the production methods. The particleboards with a strand content of 45% shown an increase of approximately 31% in the parallel MOR and 93% in the MOE perpendicular to the strand compared to those particleboards made with 35%s strand content. It was also found that the pressure used to produce the particleboards (eucalyptus and pine) was effective once it was not evidenced the spring effect. In the step 4 (Cura com carbonatação acelerada em painéis OSB-cimento-madeira residual) the OSB-cement-residual wood with 45% of strands were subjected to accelerated carbonation cure for 12 h and the materials were evaluated. It was found a reduction in thickness welling and water absorption for the carbonated particleboard. The mean values of MOR in the parallel direction of the strand and the MOE were close to the minimum requirements established by the EN300: 2006 - OSB/1 class. For the particleboards evaluated after the accelerated aging test of 100 wetting and drying cycles, it was found that the mechanical performance of the carbonated particleboards was significantly higher than those non-carbonated. Therefore, it can be concluded that the OSB-cement-residual-wood particleboards produced with eucalyptus with 45% of strand and cured by accelerated carbonation presented potential as a new material, since the physical and mechanical properties meet the EN300: 2006 standard requirements for conventional cement-wood panel.

In 2006 resin accounted for approximately 17% of the direct manufacturing costs for oriented strand board (OSB). Because of their increased dependency on pMDI-resins, this percentage is likely greater for oriented strand lumber (OSL) and laminated strand lumber (LSL). The cost of PF- and pMDI-resins is expected to face upward pressure as the cost of their primary constituents, natural gas and crude oil, continue to reach new highs. Therefore, there is strong economic incentive to optimize the use of resin in the production of these three products. This can be accomplished by addressing two key issues: reducing resin wastage and optimizing resin distribution on the strands. Both issues will be overcome by focusing on the blending process, where resin is applied to the strands. This work focused on development and use of a discrete element model (DEM) for simulating strand flow in a rotary drum blender using the EDEM software package. EDEM required the input of three material and three interaction properties. Development of the model involved creating the simulated environment (i.e. physical dimensions) and assigning appropriate material and interaction properties given this environment and the assumptions that were made. This was accomplished in two steps, completing baseline bench-top experiments and a literature review to determine appropriate parameters and initial value ranges for these properties, and then fine-tuning these values based on a validation process. Using the validated model, an exploratory study was conducted to determine the effect of four blender design and operating parameters (flight height, number of flights, blender rotational speed, and blender fill level) on bulk strand flow. The results were analyzed with regards to overall trends and by focusing on two perspectives, end users and blender manufacturers. It was found that there was a strong relationship between these key parameters and bulk strand flow. These results suggest that operating parameters of a blender, namely rotational speed and tilt angle, should be linked directly to the blender feed rate to ensure an optimal blending environment is maintained. In addition, manufacturers of blenders must take into consideration the range in final operating conditions when designing and positioning flights.

In 2006 resin accounted for approximately 17% of the direct manufacturing costs for oriented strand board (OSB). Because of their increased dependency on pMDI-resins, this percentage is likely greater for oriented strand lumber (OSL) and laminated strand lumber (LSL). The cost of PF- and pMDI-resins is expected to face upward pressure as the cost of their primary constituents, natural gas and crude oil, continue to reach new highs. Therefore, there is strong economic incentive to optimize the use of resin in the production of these three products. This can be accomplished by addressing two key issues: reducing resin wastage and optimizing resin distribution on the strands. Both issues will be overcome by focusing on the blending process, where resin is applied to the strands. This work focused on development and use of a discrete element model (DEM) for simulating strand flow in a rotary drum blender using the EDEM software package. EDEM required the input of three material and three interaction properties. Development of the model involved creating the simulated environment (i.e. physical dimensions) and assigning appropriate material and interaction properties given this environment and the assumptions that were made. This was accomplished in two steps, completing baseline bench-top experiments and a literature review to determine appropriate parameters and initial value ranges for these properties, and then fine-tuning these values based on a validation process. Using the validated model, an exploratory study was conducted to determine the effect of four blender design and operating parameters (flight height, number of flights, blender rotational speed, and blender fill level) on bulk strand flow. The results were analyzed with regards to overall trends and by focusing on two perspectives, end users and blender manufacturers. It was found that there was a strong relationship between these key parameters and bulk strand flow. These results suggest that operating parameters of a blender, namely rotational speed and tilt angle, should be linked directly to the blender feed rate to ensure an optimal blending environment is maintained. In addition, manufacturers of blenders must take into consideration the range in final operating conditions when designing and positioning flights.