Osseointegrated transfemoral implants have been introduced as an alternative to conventional, socket-based prostheses for above knee amputees. This method is showing great promise; however, the frequency of device failure is of concern. As a means to understand some of these failures, this study investigates the mechanical behaviour of three osseointegrated transfemoral implant systems; an in-house prototype design and two assemblies comprised of implant-grade parts provided by Integrum AB, Sweden. A series of mechanical tests were administered to evaluate the effects of tightening specifications and connection geometry on the material response, and mechanical behaviour of the assemblies. The tests included torque-elongation measurements, torque to failure tests, and strain analyses during loading. This research was carried out in an attempt to better understand the behaviour of components under loading, in order to optimize the assembly specifications and improve the useful life of the system. The results obtained confirm that the Integrum assemblies exhibit improved performance when tightened to a level beyond the current specified tightening torque of 12 Nm. Increased tightening torque provides an improved connection between components, leading to increased torque retention, decreased peak tensile strain values and a more gradual, primarily compressive distribution of strains throughout the assembly. / Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-29 12:14:18.438

Surface-induced osseointegration and antibacterial capability are very important criteria for the clinical success of titanium implants. To enhance these two criteria, an architectural hybrid system is constructed onto Ti-6Al-4V with a rough surface. First, thermal oxidation (TO), treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and a mix of TO and H2O2 (Mixed) are used to modify the surface topography and chemistry of Ti-6Al-4V disks. Surface characterizations by the use of microscopes and spectroscopes indicate that TO can induce more favorable topography, roughness, wettability and hydroxyl group concentration on Ti-6Al-4V surfaces. Therefore, an alginate/chitosan LBL film that incorporates antibacterial nano-silver is bridged onto thermally oxidized Ti-6Al-4V alloy by mussel-inspired dopamine. The microscopies and spectrometers confirm that the hybrid system is successfully fabricated onto the Ti-6Al-4V surface while the sub-micron topography induced by TO is maintained. Bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) adhesion, proliferation and differentiation are up-regulated by the synergy of sub-micron surface produced by TO and alginate/chitosan LBL film. The incorporation of nano-silver into the hybrid system is demonstrated to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, but not jeopardize the enhanced BMSC activities. Taken together, this thesis presents a promising strategy to fabricate novel Ti-6Al-4V implants with enhanced osseointegration and antibacterial capability.

Objectives: The present work was under taken to compare osseointegration of immediately and delayed restored implants in a sheep model, and to compare methods of assessing osseointegration. Methods: Twenty wide-platform implants were placed in the posterior mandibles of 10 sheep, 3 months after premolar extractions. Ten were control implants placed and restored after 3 months of submerged healing. Ten were test implants placed contralaterally and immediately restored. Animals were sacrificed after a further 3 months of healing. At each experimental stage implant stability was measured with resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and standardized radiographs were taken. Tissue blocks with the implants were embedded in acrylic resin. The specimens were analysed by three-dimensional micro tomogram (micro-CT) images. Ground sections of the tissue blocks were then prepared for light microscopy and quantitative morphometry. Morphometric parameters computed by both methods were mean percent bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and mean percent bone density (BD). Radiographic, stability and morphometric measurements were compared statistically. Results: The survival rate was 60% (controls) versus 40% (test) (p=0.28). Mean crestal bone levels after three months restoration did not differ significantly between control (5.54 � 0.92) and test groups (4.35 � 1.61) (p=0.56). All surviving implants were stable at stage three and RFA values in implant stability quotient (ISQ) did not differ significantly between the two groups (test 82.3 � 3.9 versus control 78.8 � 4.3, p=0.36). No correlation was found between crestal bone loss and RFA (Spearman�s rho =-0.27, p=0.46). Histomorphometric analysis found no statistical difference (%BIC test 65.65 � 12.7%, control 53.36 � 6.41%, p=0.18; and %BD test 54.84 � 8.45%, control 64.69 � 13.57%, p=0.11). A similar trend was observed for mean micro-CT (%BIC test 65.72 � 72, control 50.84 � 4.19, p=0.11). Histology revealed high density inflammatory infiltrates beneath the sulcular and pocket epithelium. No significant difference was found between histomorphometric (HMA) and microCT analysis (%BIC p=0.08, %BD p=0.08). A statistically significant correlation was observed between HMA and microCT for %BIC (Spearman�s rho = 0.89, p=0.02) but not %BD (Spearman�s rho = 0.51, p=0.30). Conclusions: The results suggest that the sheep mandibular model has limited potential for evaluation of implants designed for poor quality bone and for the assessment of implant loading protocols. This thesis does highlight the potential for the use of this model in peri-implantitis studies. The results suggest that morphometric variables determined by HMA and microCT analysis are comparable, however further studies are required to standardize the microCT protocol to reduce metal artifacts and enhance bone-implant contrast.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Toronto, 1998. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Toronto, 1998. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T17:55:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-01-14. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-04-01T18:01:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000860852.pdf: 2757457 bytes, checksum: 0890782e9186eca88c763633aa7bfdd1 (MD5) / Materiais de revestimento duros para melhorar as propriedades biotribológicas das próteses articulares, estão sendo foco de pesquisa há algum tempo. Vários tipos de filmes de carbono têm sido descritos relatando falhas e sucessos e também sugerindo a necessidade de mais pesquisas. Frente a isso, este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar as características estruturais e de neoformação óssea de filmes de carbono tipo diamante com e sem nano-partículas de prata (DLC e DLC-Ag, respectivamente), aplicados por plasma (PECVD) em liga de titânio (Ti-6Al-4V). Sessenta amostras de Ti-6Al-4V, foram dividas em três grupos nos quais: 20 eram recobertas com filme de DLC, 20 com DLC-Ag e 20 sem recobrimento. Após a caracterização estrutural, as amostras foram fixadas bilateralmente no ângulo da mandíbula de 30 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia. Após os períodos de 15 e 90 dias os animais foram eutanasiados e cinco amostras por grupo foram escolhidas aleatoriamente para a caracterização pósoperatória e cinco para análise qualitativa e quantitativa da neoformação óssea. Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente, por análise descritiva e inferencial, mediante o teste paramétrico ANOVA dois fatores de medidas repetidas e quando foi necessário o teste de comparação múltipla de Tukey (p<0,05%). Verificou-se que os filmes de DLC e DLC-Ag apresentaram alta resistência elétrica e não sofreram grandes modificações em seu espectro Raman, após os períodos de 15 e 90 dias. Na análise histológica após o período de 15 dias, observou-se trabéculas ósseas imaturas proliferando do osso preexistente em direção à amostra e, por vezes, recobrindo parcialmente a superfície da mesma. No período de 90 dias foi difícil delimitar a área de osso neoformado do preexistente, apresentando-se com as características de osso maduro e organizado, abrangendo a interface quase na sua totalidade, na maioria doos casos. Isto foi observado nos três.. / Hard coating materials to improve the biotribologic properties of joint prostheses have been the focus of research for some time. Various types of carbon films have been described, reporting failures and successes and also suggesting the need for more research. Because of that, the aim of this work was to evaluate the structural characteristics and biocompatibility of diamond-like carbon films with and without nano-particles of silver (DLC and DLC-Ag, respectively), applied by plasma (PECVD) on a titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). Sixty samples of Ti-6Al-4V, were divided into three groups in which 20 were coated with DLC film, 20 with DLC-Ag and 20 without coating. After the structural characterization, samples were fixed bilaterally in the mandible angle of 20 rabbits of New Zealand race. After periods of 15 and 90 days the animals were euthanized and five samples per group were randomly assigned to postoperative characterization and five for qualitative and quantitative analysis of new bone formation. The data were treated statistically, using descriptive and inferential analysis, by ANOVA parametric test two factors for repeated measures and when necessary, the multiple comparison test of Tukey (p<0.05%). It has been found that the DLC and DLC-Ag films showed high electrical resistance and did not suffer significant changes in its Raman spectrum after periods of 15 and 90 days. Histological examination after 15 days showed proliferating immature bone trabeculae, from the preexisting bone in the direction of the sample and .and sometimes partially covering its surface. At 90 days it was difficult delineate the newly formed bone area of the preexisting. Mature and organized bone was seen within the interface, comprising almost its entirety, in most cases. This was observed in all groups, confirming the results obtained in the histomorphometric analysis, there was no statistically significant ...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:41:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_fa_dr_araca.pdf: 2491659 bytes, checksum: 017388e8b7b826e5dad08553556571ca (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Proposição: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o comportamento biológico e mecânico do tecido ósseo ao redor de implantes de superfícies comerciais modificada por condicionamento ácido (SA), e usinada (SU), com implantes de superfícies experimentais modificada por laser (SL), e modificada por laser com depósito de sílica (SS), empregando-se as análises biomecânica, topográfica e histométrica. Material e Métodos: Trinta coelhos receberam 120 implantes de 3,75x10mm em suas tíbias direita e esquerda, sendo dois implantes de cada superfície por tíbia. O implante localizado mais superior, instalado na metáfise tibial foi utilizado para o ensaio biomecânico, descrito no capítulo I; e o implante localizado abaixo deste, instalado na epífise tibial foi utilizado para o estudo histométrico, descrito no capítulo II. A morfologia das superfícies dos implantes foi analisada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), e por espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios X (EDS) antes, e após 4 semanas de implantação e remoção por torque reverso. Medidas de rugosidade e secção transversal foram obtidas. Após períodos de 4, 8, e 12 semanas realizou-se o ensaio biomecânico, e após os animais sofreram eutanásia. As peças do implante localizado na epífise tibial foram levadas ao micrótomo para corte sem descalcificação. A análise histométrica foi realizada empregando-se microscopia óptica. Foi mensurada a extensão linear de contato entre osso e implante (ELCOI), e a área óssea (AO). Uma lâmina de cada superfície do período de 4 semanas foi metalizada para realização da análise do mapeamento elementar por MEV-EDS. Resultados: A caracterização topográfica mostrou diferenças entre as superfícies analisadas, e os valores de rugosidade média das SL e SS foram estatisticamente superiores (p<0,05) a SA. Na comparação estatística dos valores obtidos... / Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the biologic and mechanical behavior of bone tissue around implants with commercially available surfaces, modified by acid etching (SA), and machined surfaces (SU), with the experimental surfaces modified by laser (SL), and modified by laser with silica deposition (SS), using biomechanical, topographic and histometric analyses. Materials and Methods: Thirty rabbits received 120 implants measuring 3,75x10mm in their right and left tibias, being two implants of each type of surface per tibia. The implant located in the uppermost position, inserted in the tibial metaphysis, was used for the biomechanical test, described in Chapter I; and the implant located below this, inserted in the tibial epiphysis, was used for the histometric study, described in Chapter II. The morphology of the implant surfaces was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) before and after 4 weeks of implantation and removal by reverse torque. Mean roughness and cross-sectional measurements were obtained. After periods of 4, 8, and 12 weeks the biomechanical test was performed, and after this the animals were euthanized. The parts of the implant located in the tibial epiphysis were taken for cutting nondecalcified on a microtome. Histometric analysis was performed using an optical microscope. The bone interface contact (BIC), and the bone area (AO) were measured in percentages. A slide of each surface in the period of 4 weeks was metalized in order to analyze the element mapping by means of SEM-EDS. Results: The topographic characterization showed differences between the analyzed surfaces, and the mean roughness values of SL and SS were statistically higher (p<0,05) than those of SA. In the statistical comparison of the values obtained by the biomechanical test, it was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:04:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 desantis_e_dr_araca.pdf: 2787266 bytes, checksum: b11c83dbba262a0641d23d2d0ceb74da (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivo: avaliar a regeneração da crista óssea alveolar e o processo de osseointegração de implantes instalados em sítios enxertados com blocos de osso autógeno e osso bovino mineral (DBBM),associado a membrana de colágeno. Material e método: em 6 cães labradores foram extraidos os molares inferiores bilateralmente, nos quais foi removida a tábua óssea vestibular, criando-se um defeito em formato de caixa. Após 3 meses de regeneração, os retalhos foram elevados e posicionado um guia com uma lima endodôntica, com a finalidade de alinhar paralelamente à parede vestibular do defeito. O guia foi removido e, no lado direito inferior (grupo controle), foi obtido um enxerto ósseo do ramo ascendente da mandibula, que foi fixado a parede lateral do defeito por meio de parafusos. No lado esquerdo inferior (grupo teste), foi fixado um bloco de DBBM no defeito mandibular. Em ambos os lados, os blocos enxertados foram protegidos por uma membrana de colágeno reabsorvível. Em seguida os retalhos foram suturados. Após elevação do retalho, utilizou-se o guia para instalação de um implante de cada lado da mandíbula, entre o enxerto e o osso remanescente. Após 3 meses, os animais foram eutanasiados para obtenção das peças a serem processadas laboratorialmente para análise histológica. Resultados: Todos os implantes apresentaram-se clinicamente estáveis. A espessura da crista alveolar no grupo teste foi de 5.4, 9.4 e 9.3 mm, antes, imediatamente após a enxertia, e no momento da instalação dos implantes respectivamente. No grupo controle (enxerto ósseo autógeno), a espessura da crista alveolar foi de 5.2, 9.0 mm antes e imediatamente após o procedimento de enxertia (reconstrução). Após 3 meses... / Aim: - to evaluate the healing of the alveolar bony crest and the integration of implants installed in augmented sites with autologous bone or DBBM blocks, concomitantly with a collagen membrane. Material & methods: Mandibular molars were extracted bilaterally in 6 Labrador dogs, the buccal bony wall was removed and a box-shaped defect was created. After 3 months, flaps were elevated and a device was applied to a stent and used for the placement of an endodontic file that was lined up parallel to the buccal wall of the defect. The stent was removed and, in the right mandibular side, a bony graft was harvested from the ascending ramus and secured to the lateral wall of the defect by means of screws. In the left mandibular side, a DBBM block was fixed to the defect. A resorbable membrane was applied both sides. The flaps were sutured. After three months, one bone graft was exposed, and the dog was excluded from further analysis. After flap elevation, the stent and the device were used as guide to install one implant in each mandibular side, between the graft and the parent bone. After 3 months, biopsies were harvested and ground sections prepared for histological evaluation. Results: All implants were clinically stable. The width of the alveolar crest at the test sites was 5.4mm before, 9.4mm immediately after grafting, and 9.3mm at implant installation. At the control sites (autologous bone graft), the width of the alveolar crest was 5.2mm before and 9.0mm immediately after the grafting procedure. After 3 months of healing, the width was 8.7mm. One autologous bone block graft was lost before implant installation. All implants installed were available for histological evaluation (n=5). The autologous bone... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)